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Showing 330 results for Type of Study: Original Article

Mr. Hamidreza Yahyaeipour, Dr. Farzaneh Ganji, Dr. Hamid Sepehri, Dr. Zahra Nazari,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (6-2023)
Abstract

Olfaction, the sense of smell, plays an important role in the safety, nutrition, social interactions, sexual function and quality of life of an individual. Diabetes mellitus, which affects more than 400 million people worldwide, is associated with olfactory dysfunction. In this work, we evaluated the olfactory bulb structure of Type 2 diabetes rats. Type 2 diabetes induction was performed by administering 20mg/Kg Streptozotocin to adult Wistar rats for five days. 35 days after injection, animals were sacrificed and olfactory bulb tissue harvested for tissue processing and Nissl staining in order to evaluate the olfactory bulb structure. Diabetic animals showed a significant decrease in the Glomeruli Number compared to controls (P<0.05). Furthermore, we observed a significant increase in the internal plexiform layer and olfactory nerve layer thickness in the olfactory bulb of diabetic rats when compared to controls (P<0.05). The present results showed that olfactory dysfunction in Type 2 diabetes rats is associated with olfactory bulb structural change. This data suggests that an increase in the internal plexiform layer and olfactory nerve layer thickness may be negative feedback of the inflammatory response in the olfactory bulb of diabetic rats.

 
University Student Vajiheh Ganjeali, Dr Monireh Cheniany, Dr Parissa Taheri, Dr Maryam Mazaheri-Tirani,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (6-2023)
Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), as one of the most important cultivated crops in the world and Iran, is threatened every year by many diseases, including Fusarium diseases. Due to the unique characteristics of nanoparticles, copper oxide nanoparticles show high antibacterial and antifungal properties. The purpose of this research was to comparatively investigate the antifungal effects of copper oxide nanoparticles and its bulk form on the suppression of Fusarium calmorum in wheat. For this purpose, a pot experiment was done with four levels (10, 250, 500, and 1000 mg L-1) of nanoparticles and bulk form of copper oxide treatments in wheat (Roshan cultivar). The results showed that the maximum inhibition of root pathogenicity was observed in a high concentration of nanoparticles as compared to bulk form. The 250 and 500 mg L-1 concentrations of copper oxide nanoparticles caused the highest stem and root length and the highest dry weight of the aerial part and root, respectively. Treatment with 10 and 250 mg L-1 nanoparticles also increased the content of chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, carotenoid, chlorophyll stability index, membrane stability coefficient, and relative leaf water content. While the content of chlorophyll b, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and proline increased with increasing concentration of both nanoparticle and bulk forms. The results of this research showed that the low and medium concentrations of nanoparticles were more successful in inhibiting the mentioned fungus than the bulk form.
Mrs Sarehi Ebrahimi, Dr Seyed Mehdi Razavi, Dr Mansour Afshar Mohammmadian,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (6-2023)
Abstract

The increase in the entry of industrial effluents containing various types of heavy metals into water and soil leads to the ever-increasing spread of environmental problems. Therefore, it is necessary to find less expensive solutions to reduce these pollutions. In this regard, in order to compare the removal of heavy elements and some morphological and physiological characteristics of C. alternifolius, C. zizanioides and Aloe vera plants, an experiment was conducted in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications for 14 months at the University of Guilan. The results showed that under the treatment of industrial wastewater, the metal accumulation index (MAI) of zinc, chromium, lead, copper, manganese, nickel, magnesium was higher in C. zizanioides and Aloe vera than in C. alternifolius. In all three studied plants, the indices of root length, shoot length, total biomass and tolerance index (TI) had a significant decrease compared to the control plant, and vetiver and Aloe vera plants had the lowest percentage of decrease. In addition, other investigated components including absorption index (UI), total soluble sugar, total phenol content, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin, total tannin, and DPPH free radical inhibition percentage increased in all three plants under industrial wastewater treatment. The highest percentage of increase in all investigated components, except DPPH free radical inhibition percentage, was observed in vetiver plant. In general, it can be said that in terms of MAI and morphological and physiological characteristics, C. zizanioides and Aloe vera plants were more successful than the C. alternifolius plant. Therefore, it is recommended to plant the studied plants in the order of priority (C. zizanioides ˃ Aloe vera ˃ C. alternifolius) in soils contaminated with industrial effluents, in order to remediate the soil.
 
Mahmoud Bidarlord, Mohamad Dehdar Dargahi, Adel Jalili,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (6-2023)
Abstract

Solanum chenopodioides, is introduced as a new record for the flora of Iran from the coastal areas of the Caspian Sea, Gilan province. This species grows in Bujagh National Land-Sea Park, on sand dunes, along with other psammophytes coastal plants. This species belongs to the Morelloid clade. It differs from related species S. nigrum, by its shrubby nature, perfect leaves margin, dull berries, bi-colored petals in the middle, and peduncle that bends a bit downwards in fruit. This plant is native to southern South America. It is introduced as a common weed all over the world, as well this species is considered an alien species for the flora of Iran. Exporting goods to different parts of the world, largely with the wool trade, is one of the ways of spreading this species in over the world. In addition to providing some pictures of the plant, some points about the distribution and ecology of this species are also provided in this paper. In recent years, the report of numerous alien species from Bujagh National Park is a warning for the native vegetation of the area and existing ecosystems. Which requires the efforts of those involved in the protection of protected areas, especially the four areas of the environment.
 
- Azarnoosh Jafari, - Ameneh Assadi Barbariha, - Fereshteh Ghasemzadeh,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (6-2023)
Abstract

   The present research is floristic study of Imamverdy, Dartum, Ghapagh, Garivan and Niestaneh villages located in 30 km south of Bojnourd (North Khorassan province) with 1442-1783 m altitude. The aim of study was to identify different species, medicinal plants, endemic, vulnerable and low risk species. For this the specimens were collected during March-November 2012 and identified using Flora of Iran and Flora Iranica. The results showed 133 species from 104 genera and 38 families that one of them belonged to Gymnosperms and 132 species were from Angiosperms. Among them, five families, 13 genera and 18 species were from monocotyledons while 32 families, 90 genera and 114 species were reported from dicotyledons.  Also, 40 medicinal plants were introduced from the studied region. Fabaceae, Brassicaceae, Poaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae were the largest families and Astragalus, Poa, Vicia and euphorbia were reports as the largest genera. Erysimum koelzii, Astragalus khoshjailensis, Eryngium bungei, Acanthophyllum pachystegium, Sclerorachis platyrachis, Taraxacum hydrophyllum were endemic elements for Iran and Astragalus ackerbergensis was vulnerable species. Also, Rubia florida, Mentha longifolia, Fumaria vaillanti and Onopordum carmanicum were introduced as low risk species. The maximum and minimum percentage of chorotype were related to Irano-Turanian with 68.14% and Irano-Turanian, Sahra-Arabian regions with 0.7%. The maximum and minimum percentage of life form were reported for hemicryptophytes with 45.8% and cryptophytes with 3% which this result represented cold and arid climate and uncontrolled grazing in the studied region.
 
Mr. Ali Asghar Arjmandi, Dr. Hamid Ejtehadi, Dr. Farshid Memariani, Dr. Mansour Mesdaghi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (6-2023)
Abstract

Understanding the different patterns of plant diversity and distribution along the environmental gradients is essential for managing ecosystems, especially in fragmented habitats due to intensive human pressure. The Darkash area is located in the western Aladagh Mountains in Khorassan-Kopet Dagh Floristic Province. The easternmost patches of the Hyrcanian montane forests grow in this area. The three main vegetation types in the area are shrublands/scrub forests, oak forests (Quercus castaneifolia), and subalpine vegetation. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the plant diversity in the understory of plant communities along the elevational gradient. We sampled 187 vegetation plots (2m x 2m) along a 1300m elevational gradient (in 100-m classes) using the stratified-random method and estimated the abundance and canopy cover of the species. Floristic characteristics and different diversity indices were measured. In total, 252 plant species belonging to 161 genera and 44 families were identified. Of these, 41 species are endemic or semi-endemic. Hemicryptophytes and therophytes are the dominant life-forms in the study area. The Irano-Turanian elements (46.8%) make the major chorotype in the flora of the area, followed by Bi-regional (17.5%), Tri-regional (17.5%), Pluri-regional (11.5%), and Euro-Siberian (6.7%) elements. The shrubland understory has the highest Hill's and beta diversity indices, followed by the oak forest and the subalpine understory. The biodiversity changes sinusoidally along the elevation. In order to protect plant species, especially oak young seedlings, it is recommended to create a protective corridor along the elevational gradient in this area. This strategy is essential for protecting plant diversity in these habitats.
Ms Leila Gholami, Dr Farnoosh Attari, Dr Mahmood Talkhabi, Ms Fatemeh Saadatpour,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (6-2023)
Abstract

Breast cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer among women. The triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most invasive subtype, and chemotherapy is the only therapy option. Cancer cells preferably utilize the glycolysis pathway even with proper oxygen availability, and this activation plays a great role in tumorigenesis. Therefore, glycolysis targeting can be an effective strategy for cancer treatment. Here, the apoptotic effect of a glycolysis inhibitor named dichloroacetate (DCA) on TNBC cells MDA-MB-231 was assessed, and the expression of anti-apoptotic genes and oncogenic miRNAs was evaluated. MTT assay showed that DCA reduces cell viability in a dose-dependent manner with the IC50 concentration of 50 mM. Annexin/PI assay demonstrated that DCA increased apoptosis rate up to 32%, and cell cycle analysis revealed the 2-time augmentation of the sub-G1 population due to DCA treatment. Finally, the expression of anti-apoptotic genes Bcl2l1 and Mcl1 and oncogenic miRNAs miR21 and miR27a decreased due to DCA treatment. Our results confirmed that DCA as a glycolysis inhibitor leads to apoptosis induction in TNBC cells because of reducing expression of viability genes and miRNAs.  
 
Fatemeh Ghasemi, Reza Heidari, Rashid Jamei, Latifeh Poorakbar,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2014)
Abstract

To assess nickel-induced toxicity in plants, Zea mays seeds were germinated and cultured on nutrient solution with nickel concentrations of 0, 50, 100 and 200 μM for a period of two weeks. Its effects on the growth, Hill reaction and photosynthetic pigments content were then investigated. The fresh and dry weight of leaves and roots increased in 50 μM nickel, but decreased in 100 and 200 μM. The decline in length of root and shoot were observed by increasing nickel concentration. According to the results, root and shoot showed differential growth response to various nickel concentrations. Nickel concentrations up to 100 μM caused increase in the content of chlorophyll a, but resulted in decrease at 200 μM nickel. No significant changes in chlorophyll b and carotenoids contents were observed. The rate of Hill reaction, as the ability of chlorophyll a in the reaction center of PSII680 to split water, decreased by increase in nickel concentration.


Elham Hoveizi, Mohammad Nabiuni, Kazem Parivar, Mohammad Massumi, Jafar Ai,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2014)
Abstract

Induced pluripotent cells have been considered as one of the most recent and best cell sources for the cell therapy. In this study, the differentiation potency of human iPS cells, cultured on scaffolds, which can differentiate into definitive endodermal cells as precursor for hepatocytes, pancreatic and lung cells, was studied. Embryoid bodies composed of pluripotent cells, were seeded on electrospinning nanofiber scaffold. The cells were differentiated into definitive endoderm using IDE1. Expression of definitive endoderm markers including Sox17, FoxA2 and GSC were confirmed by immunocytochemistry staining and qRT-PCR analysis. In the present study, morphology and viability of cells were evaluated by utilizing a scanning electron microscopy and MTT assay, respectively. The results demonstrated the positive effect of 3D cultures, using suitable factors, on definitive endoderm differentiation.


Roya Ghaffarri, Fariba Meighani, Homeira Salimi,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2014)
Abstract

Mesquite is an invasive and problematic weed in warm and dry areas and so its management is very important. In order to study the effective factors on mesquite seed germination, the following studies were conducted to investigate: 1- seed viability; 2- the effect of constant temperatures on seed germination including 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40°C independent dark and independent light conditions; 3- Effect of temperature fluctuations on seed germination including 10/0, 20/10 and 30/20°C; 4- the effect of scarification with concentrated sulphuric acid and physiacal scarification on seed germination; 5- the effect of planting depth seed on seedling emergence; 6- the effect of drought stress including 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 Mm PEG on seed germination; and finally 7- the effect of salt stress including 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 mM NaCl on seed germination. All experiments were performed as completely randomized designs with 4 replications. The results showed that seed viability of mesquite was 81%. The optimum temperature for seed germination was a constant temperature- 30°C. In general, constant temperature was more suitable than temperature fluctuations for seed germination. The best seed planting depth for seedling emergence was 2 cm. The most seed germination was observed under the effect of 20 min scarification with concentrated sulphuric acid. Physical scarification had no significant effect on seed germination. While the study of salt and drought stresses effect showed that the most seed germination (after control without NaCl and PEG), was due to concentrations of 100 and 200 mM, seed germination decreased with the increase of NaCl and PEG concentrations. Based on the present results, light did not play a crucial role on seed germination. Therefore, mesquite seeds were not photoblastic. These characteristics are very important in making mesquite an invasive weed. Having precise information of these traits, enables us to have a better control over the management of this troublesome weed.


Hassan Zare- Maivan, Javad Mohammadi, Hamid Ejtehadi- Bajestani, Karim Pasad,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2014)
Abstract

Kasf forest, with an area of over 12 ha, running in the east-west direction and located at a distance of 20 kilometers in the north of the city of Bardaskan in a mountainous arid region. The minimum and maximum temperature of the area ranges between -10° C and +45° C. The average annual precipitation of the region is 155 mm.  The altitude of the forest is about 1600 m above sea level with a 15% slope. The vegetation of this forest was studied using floristic methods 2 years after a devastative fire and life forms and geographical distributions of plant species were determined. Sixty nine plant species belonged to 29 families (25 Dicots, 3 monocots and one gymnosperm). The largest families were the Lamiaceae with 11, Asteraceae with 9 and Caryophyllaceae with 5 species. The percentages of life forms were determined as follows: Therophytes with 36% (25 species), Hemicryptophytes with 29% (20 species), Chamaephytes with 16% (11 species), Phanerophytes with 13% (9 species) and Cryptophytes with 6% (4 species) of total investigated species. The high percentage of Hemicryptophytes indicated the dominance of cold mountainous climate and the presence of Asteraceae species such as harmala (Peganum harmala) showed that a severe disturbance had taken place in the region, which indicated a poor ecological administration in the studied region.


Salman Ahmady-Asbchin, Naser Jafari,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2014)
Abstract

Methods of physical and chemical adsorption of heavy metals have disadvantages in some ways- such as high cost and ineffectiveness at low concentrations. In recent decades methods of biological uptake of heavy metals have been investigated. The biological adsorbents include bacteria, fungi and alga, among which algae have the highest efficiency of metal uptake. This study indicated that Alginic acid is most responsible for the uptake of metals, such as nickel (II) and cadmium (II). Fucus serratus, brown alga, used as a cost-effective adsorbent for the biological uptake of cadmium and nickel ions simultaneously in a batch reactor in this study. Surface structure of algae has also been investigated. Adsorption kinetics have been measured and the results have indicated that the equilibrium time is about 300 minutes. The adsorption isotherm was interpreted by means of the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption rate for cadmium (II) and nickel (II) turned out to be about 0.85 and 0.95 mmol/g, respectively.


Ahmad Gharzi,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2014)
Abstract

Formations of feather and hair follicles during embryonic stage are nearly similar. The aim of the present research is to study the similarities and differences between these two follicles in adult pigeons and rats. To fulfill this task, feather and hair follicles were dissected and processed for light and electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that these two follicles were similar in having dermal papilla and epidermal matrix. Moreover, the production of feather fibers and hair in them, respectively, is almost similar. However, unlike the hair follicle, the feather follicle has a distinct compartment, called the pulp at the top of the papilla. At the center of this pulp and dermal papilla a blood vessel exists, a character never observed in the hair follicle. Another difference between the two related to the thickness of the basement membrane exists at the interface between the papilla and epidermal matrix which in feather follicle is much thicker than its hair equivalent. In addition, at the base of feather follicle there is a distinct population of stem-like cells which could not be distinguished in the hair follicle. Based on the results obtained in this study, it seems that the feathers in birds and the hairs in mammals have been adapted for different biological tasks. 


Ramin Ezzati, Gelareh Rabbani,
Volume 1, Issue 1 (12-2014)
Abstract

Acid rain, which is a wet form of gaseous air pollutants, is formed when air pollutants such as SO2, NO2, CO2 in the atmosphere combine with water vapor of clouds. With the increase of concentration of these pollutants, the amount of acid rain increases. Acid rain, which is the mixture of sulphuric, nitric and carbonic acids, results in some changes in the soil such as decrease in pH, uncommon nutrient liberation, increase of release of toxic metals and the decline in the fertility of soil. These impacts have negative effects on plants. In the present work wheat plants were irrigated and leaf sprayed with four treatments of acid rain which contain sulphuric and nitrics acids with the pH of 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.6 for a period of 32 days, whereas, control plants were irrigated and leaf sprayed by normal water with a pH of 7.4. According to the results we have obtained, control plants in whole growth and physiological indexes were better than those plants treated by acid rains with the pH of 2.5 and 3.5. Moreover, the plants treated by acid rain with the pH of 4.5 and 5.6, were lower in other factors except photosynthetic rate, pigment content and carbohydrate content than control plants. Also acid rains with the pH of  2.5 and 3.5 caused white spots in both surfaces of  leaf and tip and border atrophy.


Ebrahim H. Najdegerami,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2015)
Abstract

Recently, concern over environmental and health effects of massive use of antibiotics has led to the growth of bio-control agent application. Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a natural polymer that can be depolymerized into water-soluble short-chain fatty acid monomers and acts as a microbial control agent. In this study, the effects of the addition of PHB to the diet of Siberian sturgeon fingerlings by 2% and 5% were investigated. Community Level Physiological Profile (CLPP) was used to analyze anaerobic bacterial metabolic diversity in Siberian sturgeon fingerlings hindgut by using Biolog™ Ecoplate microplates. The results indicated that PHB increased metabolic activity in anaerobic bacteria in sturgeon hindgut. Also Lorenz curve and the Shannon index of Biolog™ Ecoplate data revealed that anaerobic metabolic potential of the bacterial community was different in the PHB-treated fishes compared with the control situation. 


Parisa Mohammadi, Habibian Mahsa , Mohammad Reza Soudi Soudi , Asgarani Ezat ,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2015)
Abstract

Microbial analysis of ground water, as the sole supplying water source in many areas, must be evaluated. Because the treatment of water cannot remove all pathogenic bacteria leaked from domestic wastewater, bacterial analysis of Bojnourd groundwater sources was performed. For this reason, membrane filter (MF) technique and Most Probable Number (MPN) method were used to evaluate the microbial quality of the water. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enteroccocus faecalis (E. faecalis) were traced as excremental indices. E. coli was detected from three out of six stations and E. faecalis was only isolated from one station. Although molecular techniques are very rapid and exact methods for detection of microbial community and can identify ‘Viable But Not Cultivable’ (VBNC) bacteria, they are unable to make a distinction between living and non-living microorganisms. By means of a standard technique, it is possible to study living and metabolically active microorganisms. Due to the detection of E.coli and E.feacalis in some stations the sanitization of groundwater must be revised to lessen the microbial population in this groundwater.


Massoud Ranjbar, Azam Pakatchi, Tayebeh Radjabian,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2015)
Abstract

In this research, plant morphology and pollen micromorphology of 14 populations of 3 species belonging to two sections Plethiosphace and Hemisphace of Salvia genus in Iran were studied. In the morphological study 25 quantitative and qualitative characters were investigated and the results clearly separated the species into two groups. The pollen grains from the herbarium specimens were prepared by acetolysis method and then 4 quantitative characters were examined by light microscopy. Data was processed by principal component analysis method. Results indicated that although the pollen grains in the section were comparatively homogenous and all of them were 6-colpate with reticulate ornamentation, a considerable variation in the quantitative characters studied turned out to exist. However among the characters studied, equatorial and polar diameters of pollen grains were the most significant and based on these characters the members of these sections can be divided into two groups.


Roya Karamian, Fatemeh Ghasemlou,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2015)
Abstract

Saponins are secondary metabolites that are found in many plants and some animals. These compounds are high molecular weight glycosides, consisting of a sugar moiety linked to a triterpene or steroid aglycone. Many saponins have detergency properties and give stable foam in water. The genus Silene L. with more than 700 species is one of the largest genera of the family Caryophyllaceae mainly distributed in northern hemisphere. Saponins are one of the important secondary metabolites in the members of the genus. Quantitative and qualitative study of the saponins in the aerial parts and roots of three Silene species, namely S. ginodioica Ghaz. subsp. Penducularis (Fenzl ex Boiss.) Melzh., S. spergulifolia (Willd.) M. Bieb. and S. swertiifolia Boiss. were carried out by spectrophotometry and TLC methods. In this study, 5 fractions were obtained from each plant part and in both parts of the three species, fraction 1 contains the highest amounts of saponins. On the other hands, root extracts have high amounts of saponins. In addition, thin layer chromatography (TLC) of the extracts revealed some saponins spots with different Rf.


Latifeh Pourakbar, Mehdi Abedzadeh,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2015)
Abstract

Effects of ozone depletion and increase of UV radiation have been studied by many researchers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of UV-B radiation on Melissa officinalis L. as well as the impact of salicylic acid and magnetic fields in the reduction of harmful effects of radiation on plants. The Melissa officinalis L. plants were treated with 28 ± 2 Cº for approximately 60 days. The light intensity was 150 µ E mˉ² Sˉ¹ and the light/dark regime was 16/8 h. UV-B treatment was applied after the six-leaf stage for a period of 15 days and 20 min every day. Salicylic acid (1mM) was daily sprayed on the plants after the six-leaf stage for one week. Magnetic field treatment was applied for an hour with intensities of 0, 40 and 85 mT. The results indicated that the UV-B radiation led to reduction of root and shoot dry and fresh weights, and root and shoot elongation. The radiations also reduced the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid), sugar and soluble proteins. The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and UV-absorbing content compounds increased under the effect of UV-B radiation. The results showed that treatment with salicylic acid and magnetic fields reduced damages to the plant due to UV-B radiation. 


Soheila Parsapanah, Shahryar Saeidi-Mehrvarz,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2015)
Abstract

Pedicularis L. (Orobanchaceae) is a large hemiparasitic genus, distributed mostly over boreal and arctic-alpine regions of the northern hemisphere. In the present study 9 species of the genus that are reported in flora of Iran, were undertaken for stigma morphological study and numerical analysis. The stigmatic surface is even in P. pycnantha and P. wilhelmsiana, is expanded into a subspherical shape in P. cabulica, P. caucasica, P. rechingeri, P. sibthorpii, P. condensata and P. strausii and is conical form in P. rhinanthoides. To determine the relationship between species, numerical analysis was carried out using 45 quantitative and qualitative morphological, anatomical and palynological characters. UPGMA and PCA dendrograms were drawn. According to the results some characters such as the thickness of  pericarp, the thickness of  spongy parenchyma, the length of  stem, the thickness of bark, the thickness of  stem and the length of midrib are the most variable, and can be used for identification and determination of relationship between species.



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