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َabolfazl Baghbani-Arani, Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavi, Masoud Mashhadi Akbar Boojar, Zohrab Adavi, Hamid Dehghanzade-Jezi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (8-2019)
Abstract

In order to determine the effects of water deficit stress, nitrogen fertilization and zeolite on chlorophyll fluorescence, pigments, trigonelline content and seed yield in, a split factorial experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Five irrigation regimes were randomly applied to the main plots. Subplots included six treatments and consisted of a factorial combination of three nitrogen fertilization (untreated plots, vermicompost at a rate of 2.7 ton ha-1 and nitrogen chemical fertilizer at a rate of 11 kg.ha-1) and two zeolite rates (0 and 9 ton.ha-1). The results demonstrated that (Fm), (Fv), (Fv/Fm), chl a, b, total chl content and also seed yield were significantly reduced by water deficit stress, wheras minimum fluorescence (F0), carotenoid and trigonelline concentrations were increased. In addition, the highest Fv/Fm, chl a+b content and the lowest F0 and carotenoids were observed when irrigation was done after unloading 40% of ASW. In most treatments vermicompost increased the yield (by 25.51% and 98.32% in 2014 and 2015, respectively) and grain trigonelline concentration (7.46% in 2014) in Fenugreek. Mild water stress with vermicompost treatment is recommended for the production of trigoneline from Fenugreek seeds.

Masoud Mashhadi Akbar Boojar,
Volume 6, Issue 3 (10-2019)
Abstract

Catechin, epicatechin gallate (ECG) and quercetin, as bioactive flavonoids, have been shown to possess anticarcinogenic effects. Ceramide plays an important role in killing tumor cells. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to clarify the involvement of these compounds in ceramide metabolism in A549 cancerous cell line. Spectrophotometer, cell culture and HPLC methods were used. Cell viability index showed different potential of cytotoxicity effect for each of the studied agents, among which ECG was more potent. This index decreased significantly over 100 to 250 µM concentrations of treatment with respect to control. Cell treatments also caused considerable increase in ceramide level within cells in a dose-dependent manner. Sphingomyelinase activity increased significantly in treatment with quercetin and catechin. There was significant inhibition in acid ceramidase activity of cell extract in response to each of the three compounds, particularly over 100 µM in comparison with control. Data also showed no significant variation in glycosyl ceramide synthase activity in treated cells with quercetin, whereas the activity decreased significantly by Catechin and/or ECG. It is our conviction that different effects on ceramide metabolism enzymes may be related to various chemical groups on the common structure of the studied compounds. Due to structure-function relationship, these compounds had different effects on ceramide generation. Elevation in ceramide content in A549 cancer cell line induced apoptosis, which led to anti-cancerous effects, as observed in this study.



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