Abdolkarim Chehregani Rad, Fariba Mohsenzadeh , Soulmaz Ekhtari,
Volume 1, Issue 2 (3-2015)
Abstract
Although there is extensive literature on different aspects of floral structure and embryology in Ranunculaceae, the distribution of developmental studies on the family is inharmonic. Studies on some genera are extensive, but others have been less extensively investigated or some may have remained unstudied. This research is an attempt to study the developmental stages of ovule in Consolida orientalis. The flowers and buds in different developmental stages were sectioned at 7-10 μm with a microtome. Staining was performed with hematoxylin and eusine. The sections were studied by means of a light microscope. Results indicated that ovules are anatropous, bitegumic and crassinucellate. The megaspore tetrads are linear or nonlinear. The development of embryo sac belongs to the Polygonum type, but the presence of Allium type was also abundant in other species of this family. On the contrary to the common Polygonum type, the antipodal cells are large, persistent, and highly polyploid and remain uninucleate. They penetrate the embryo sac under the pressure provided by postament degenerate in the cellular stage of endosperm
Mansour Afshar Mohammadian, Shirin Kordi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of a wide range of medicinal herbs such as saffron and its aromatic compounds is increasingly being regarded as natural sources of antioxidant properties. In addition to saffron stigma, saffron petal is a rich herbal source of antioxidant compounds. The present study was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications to study some of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants of two species of wild saffron in Guilan Province compared with agronomic saffron (C. sativus). The results of this study showed that total phenol, flavonoids and anthocyanins in agronomic saffron were significantly higher than those in the other two species. The amount of flavonel in C. speciosus and the level of antioxidant activity (DPPH) in C. caspius were significantly higher than other species. The level of PPO activity in C. sativus and C. speciosus was significantly higher than that in C. caspius. However, there was no significant difference in the level of POD activity among the three studied species. Therefore, according to the results of this study, petals of different species of saffron are good sources of non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants and can be used as an available natural antioxidant in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Roghaieh Zarei, Mahvash Seifali,
Volume 7, Issue 3 (11-2020)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the variations among cephalic plates of individuals in two populations of Clinopodes flavidus in Alborz Mountains, by means of landmark-based techniques of geometric morphometrics. Therefore, 17 landmarks and semi-landmarks on the coxosternite of poison claw and seven landmarks and semi-landmarks on the tarsangulum of poison claw were selected using TpsDig2 software. Data of landmarks, after procrust analysis, were subjected to various multivariate analyses, such as Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Canonical Variate Analysis (CVA) by means of PAST and MorphoJ softwares. The results obtained demonstrated that shape variations in coxosternite were significantly different among various populations (p<0.001). This study revealed the usefulness of landmark-based geometric morphometrics in the differentiation of various populations of Clinopodes flavidus in Alborz Mountains.
Hossein Javanbakht, Dr. Nastaran Heidari, Iman Alinezhadi,
Volume 9, Issue 1 (3-2022)
Abstract
The status of sexual dimorphism patterns in human and various animal groups including some mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians have been studied, however, despite the fact that a growing number of studies were aimed to describe sexual dimorphism patterns in external morphological features such as the proportion of toes in animals, our knowledge of some basic issues, specially in some animal groups, is still limited. In this study, sexual dimorphism in terms of external morphological features as well as the ratio between finger lengths II to IV (2D: 3D, 2D: 4D, 3D: 4D) of the front and rear limbs in 30 specimens of Bufo eichwaldi toads (15 male and 15 female specimens) were in northern Iran. The results showed that females had higher mean body length (SVL) than males and this difference was statistically significant (90.50 mm in males vs. 114.93 mm in females and P = 0.00). In terms of other morphological traits, the results of T-test analysis (T test for independent samples) showed that the traits of diameter between two eyes (IOD), tympanum diameter (TD), length of the humerus (LHU), forearm length (FOL) and foot length (FL) had significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between males and females. Also, the ratio of the size of the length of the fingers and toes on the left side of the body was examined in the species studied in terms of 2D:3D, 2D:4D, 3D:4D. The results showed that males and females were significantly different in two traits including 4th toe length (D4) and 1st finger length (F1). In addition, in terms of 2D:4D between males (0.4628) and females (0.4853) significant difference (P = 0.041) in the second and fourth toes of the hind limbs and in terms of 3D:4D between males (0.6233) and females (0.6787), there was a significant difference (P= 0.040) in the third and fourth fingers of the hind limbs. In this study, some habitat characteristics, ecology, threats and conservation measures related to Talysh toad species were also investigated.
