en Somatic Embryogenesis and Histological Aspect of Galbanum (Ferula gummosa Boiss.) Endangered Medicinal Plant علوم گیاهی Plant Biology مقاله پژوهشی Original Article <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span new="" roman="" times=""><span style="color:black"><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Ferula gummosa</span></i><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> Boiss. as a valuable pharmaceutical and industrial plant grows in Iran. In order to minimize seed dormancy period and micropropagation, callus induction and embryogenesis were evaluated. The plantlets of the seeds were separated and cultured in the 1/2 MS medium. After 14 days, root, hypocotyl, cotyledon and leaf explants were separated. Then they were transferred to the basal MS medium containing different concentrations of growth regulators. Different developmental stages of somatic embryos were evaluated. Seedlings 2-3 days after locating in 1/2 MS medium germinated and whole plantlets were obtained after 12 days. In the callus induction phase growth regulator composition 1.5 mgl^-1of NAA and 0.5 mgl^-1 of BA with root explants had proper results. In the somatic embryogenesis phase MS medium containing 0.5 mgl^-1 of 2,4-D accompanied by 1 mgl^-1 of BA lead to desirable results. Via taken sections from the embryos, different developmental stages of somatic embryos including pre-embryo, globular, heart shaped, torpedo and cotyledonary embryo were observed. <i>In vitro</i> culture of embryo to accelerate germination and elimination of long dormancy period and using this optimized method are strongly suggested for micropropagation of this plant so this valuable endemic plant may survive from extinction, too.</span></span></span></span></span><br /> &nbsp;</div> <span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="line-height:normal"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="color:black"><i><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Ferula gummosa</span></i><span style="font-size:10.0pt"> Boiss. as a valuable pharmaceutical and industrial plant grows in Iran. In order to minimize seed dormancy period and micropropagation, callus induction and embryogenesis were evaluated. The plantlets of the seeds were separated and cultured in the 1/2 MS medium. After 14 days, root, hypocotyl, cotyledon and leaf explants were separated. Then they were transferred to the basal MS medium containing different concentrations of growth regulators. Different developmental stages of somatic embryos were evaluated. Seedlings 2-3 days after locating in 1/2 MS medium germinated and whole plantlets were obtained after 12 days. In the callus induction phase growth regulator composition 1.5 mgl^-1of NAA and 0.5 mgl^-1 of BA with root explants had proper results. In the somatic embryogenesis phase MS medium containing 0.5 mgl^-1 of 2,4-D accompanied by 1 mgl^-1 of BA lead to desirable results. Via taken sections from the embryos, different developmental stages of somatic embryos including pre-embryo, globular, heart shaped, torpedo and cotyledonary embryo were observed. <i>In vitro</i> culture of embryo to accelerate germination and elimination of long dormancy period and using this optimized method are strongly suggested for micropropagation of this plant so this valuable endemic plant may survive from extinction, too.</span></span></span></span></span><br /> &nbsp; Callus Formation, Embryogenesis Stages, Growth Regulators, Root Explants Callus Formation, Embryogenesis Stages, Growth Regulators, Root Explants 0 0 http://nbr.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-20-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Parissa Jonoubi Parissa Jonoubi jonoubi@khu.ac.ir 100319475328460011618 100319475328460011618 Yes Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran Majid Ghorbani nohooji Majid Ghorbani nohooji m.gh.nahooji@gmail.com 100319475328460011619 100319475328460011619 No Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Karaj, Iran Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Karaj, Iran Halimeh Hassanpour Halimeh Hassanpour hassanpour@ari.ac.ir 100319475328460011620 100319475328460011620 No Aerospace Research Institute, Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran Aerospace Research Institute, Ministry of Science Research and Technology, Tehran, Iran Atefeh Ashourisheikhi Atefeh Ashourisheikhi atefe.ashuri@gmail.com 100319475328460011621 100319475328460011621 No Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran