SPACE ECONOMY & RURAL DEVELOPMENT

The Role of Membership in Rural Bodies’ upon Social Capital Level and Quality of Life of Rural Women

Farahnaz Rostami

This analytical – comparative study aims to investigate the impact of membership in rural bodies’ upon social capital level and quality of life of rural woman. Statistical community is composed of 5000 Kangavar’s rural woman out of which 380 happened to be our sample size using Bartlett’s table. Sampling technique was based on simple random sampling. Data analysis was done via application of descriptive statistics including frequency, medium and mode as well as inferential statistics mainly T test. Comparative analysis regarding social capital status was done through ISDM and Mean Whitney U test. This study suggests that the level of social capital of rural woman was moderate. Moreover, there exists a significant difference at 5 % level between membered rural woman as opposed to non-membered ones with respect to social capital level and quality of life. It further indicates that putting value on life and adoption, level regarding differences of membered women compared with the other component of social capital possesses higher average. However, none membered women work ties possess higher average among non-member rural woman.

The Optimum Location Regarding Agriculture Development with Emphasis on Physical-natural Parameters in Boroojerd

Ezatallah Ghanavati

It is being argued that there will exist high reliance upon agriculture lands and resources as a provider of food for population in coming decades. The increase in urban land, industrial and residential land uses at the expenses of agricultural lands is among the major consequences of population increase. However, the utilization of soil, water, forest and pasture are geared toward extensive and constructive nature. This in turn, dictates the need for the identification of land use capabilities and its allocation to comparable uses. This study aims to determination and evaluation of the environmental characteristics as a prerequisite for optimum agriculture development in Boroojerd. This requires application of 12 indicators as well as the combination of Fuzzy logic and AHP. This study suggests that 38.6% of the study area (658 km2) falls into low compatibility. According to find map, the most appropriate area for agriculture development is located in central part which stretches from north to south.

The Role of Physical Factors upon Spatial Distribution of Rural Settlements in Torbat-Jam

Mojtaba Ghadiri-masoum

Lack of appropriate and thorough attention toward physical – natural factors regarding rural settlements, has led to damages and subsequent costs based upon natural events incident. This in turn dictates the need for planning measures within the framework of risk mitigation and increase in settlements sustainability. This well applies to Torbat-Jam. This study aims to investigate Torbat-Jam’s rural settlements taking into account physical and natural specifications. As such 8 physical characteristics including relief, slope, lithology, river, faults and climatic elements precipitation, evaporation, temperature known as major factors for rural settlements location factors were determined and analyzed via application GIS. This is followed by application of multi criteria analysis via logic model. This study suggests that over 85 % of Torbat-Jam’s villages are located in areas which possess good circumstances regarding those 8 mentioned physical factors. However, 15% of the village’s located in poor location as far as those physical factors are concerned. There exist three types of villages range from poor to optimum location. This in turn needs planning with regard to mitigation of natural events incidence.

The Identification and the Analysis of Livability Discrepancies’ Regarding Adjacent Villages of Varamin

Mohammad-amin Khorasani

Adjacent villages are among the settlements in which are simultaneously facing with some opportunities as well as threats. These in turn affect the quality of life and meeting the needs of the settlers. Accessibility to urban facilities and services from one hand and urban ecological threats and the consequences of rural migration on the other hand, lead to complex circumstances. Livable settlements briefly define as suitable and pleasant places to live and work. The study is comprised of Varamin adjacent villages next to four urban nucleuses. The research method is based on analytical method as well as field works and documentary data. The objective of this study is to identify the level of livability. As such one way analysis of variance was applied. This study suggests that there exists a significant difference in the villages in terms of their livability.

The Evaluation of Tourism Economy from Host Community’s View Point in Oromee-e Band Resort

Seyyed Hassan Moteei-langroudi

Economic outcomes and consequences are among one of the most prominent reasons for tourism planners. Tourism is being considered as major motive as long as the economic development is concerned. Taking into account peasant’s economic status as well as downward trend in agricultural activity and high rate of rural migration, there exists a need regarding an economic alternative complementary with agriculture. This in turn leads to rural sustainable development as well as sustainable livelihood. This is associated with improvement in quality of life and rural satisfaction. Band resort, a tourism destination located in vicinity of Oromee-e taking into consideration its prime location and eco-tourism potentials and its closeness to Oromee-e is capable of attracting many tourists. However, not all of the potentials and capabilities of this resort have been uncovered toward sustainable tourism economy. This study aims to investigate the economic impacts from host community’s point of view. It is based on descriptive and analytical method. Sample size happens to be 300 households extracted out of Band village. Data analysis requires application of non-parametric χ2 and T test. This paper shows that tourism has led to economic impacts including creation of job opportunities, revenue for the peasants. However, increase in land price is among its negative economic

outcome.

The Analysis of Land use Locations Regarding Rural Conducted Plans (Case: villages of GonbadKavuoos)

Shah-bakhti Rostami

Rural conducted plan is being imposed to accomplish rural development. In fact, these plans are regarded as a document for social – economic development at village level. These plans aim to meet all of residential, services and entertainment needs within their time period taking into account village settings as well as the relevant ultra-plans. However, the implementations of these plans face some problems. This world be intensified taking into account unplanned rural development and shortage in corresponding allocated credits. These plans are ordered by Islamic housing institute. However, there exists some regional differences among geographical spaces. This in turn reduces the degree of accuracy of these plans and demand them some modification. The study area is villages of GonbadKavuoos. It further aims to investigate the locational criteria for different land uses pertaining to rural conducted plans. The research method is based on descriptive – analytical approach and it has applied nature as well. It is based on survey technique. This study suggests that locational criterion for these types of plans have been proposed. However, the lack of monitoring during implementation has diverted these plans from their predetermined goals.

The Investigation of Islamic Rural Council’s and Degree of Community Participation in Rural Development (Case: Hossainabad in Najafabad)

Mohammad Saeedi

Nowadays, rural councils are performing prominent role on rural development. It is argued that the creation of these bodies is among the major measures for organization of community participation regarding rural development. This study aims to investigate the role of rural Islamic council’s as well as the level of community participation upon rural development of Hossainabad in Najafabad. The research method is based on field work as well as questionnaire. It possesses descriptive-analytical nature. Statistical community is composed of two groups including households and member of rural councils. The sample size turns out to be 255 which were extracted by random sampling technique. As such 15 council members were interviewed. This study followed by application of Kolmogorov–Smirnov test in order to assure the normality of average score distribution. This is followed by application of T test in order to evaluate the council function. Comparison between the view points of the households and council members demands application of Mean Whitney U and non-dependent T. This study suggests that there is not a significant variation in rural council performance from economic aspect. However, social rural council performance is more appropriate comparing with their economic status. With respect to cultural aspect, the significance level is less than average. Moreover, the degree of rural community participation is amounted to be little over than average.

The Evaluation of Economic Impact of Equipped – Renovated Rice Paddies in Villages of Central District of Soome-e Sara

Nasr-o-llah Mulayi-hashjin

Iran’s agricultural sector comparing with the other economic sector suffers from subsistence method. Small farm size, scatter distribution of holdings, lack of an appropriate irrigation and drainage systems, and non-existence of roads between farms have led to increase in production costs and reluctance regarding agriculture activities and relevant investment. This in turn demands the implementation of equipped – renovated rice paddies plan. The study area is Soome-e Sara. Research method is based on analytical – descriptive method. This is followed by application of field work via observation, interview and filling the questionnaire in order to determine the economic impacts as well as the mechanization and its subsequent labor forces release as a result of implementation of the mentioned plan in the study area. Based on Morgan’s table, 376 questionnaires were distributed among the rural settler’s. This is followed by coding and SPSS analysis. This study suggests that the implementation of the mentioned plan has led to reduction in rice production costs, increase in efficiency and peasant incomes. It is further argued that needed labor force in new rice field is lower than the non-applied plan fields. Moreover, peasants possess job variation in new rice paddies as opposed to non-applied plan paddies. Furthermore, number of peasants deal with second round crop in new farms is more than the traditional one. However, the area under cultivation for second round crop in these villages which adopt the plan is more than the traditional one.