SPACE ECONOMY & RURAL DEVELOPMENT
اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی
Literature & Humanities
http://serd.khu.ac.ir
1
admin
2322-2131
2588-476X
8
doi
14
4444
13
fa
jalali
1394
2
1
gregorian
2015
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online
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fulltext
fa
تأثیر سرکوب مالی بر فقر روستاییان ایران
The Impact of Financial Suppression upon Iranian Rural Poverty
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify; ">افزایش رفاه اقتصادی مردم و کاهش فقر، یکی از اهداف اصلی برنامه های توسعه ی اقتصادی در هر کشوری است. رسیدن به افزایش رفاه اقتصادی و کاهش فقر، بدون وجود نهادهای مالی کارآ و تجهیز مناسب منابع مالی، غیرممکن است. در این راستا، سیستم های مالی کارآمد میتوانند از طریق کسب اطلاعات درباره فرصت های سرمایهگذاری، تجمیع و تجهیز پساندازها و نظارت بر سرمایه گذاریها، موجب تخصیص بهتر منابع و در نهایت، کاهش فقر در اقتصاد شود. در این مطالعه اثرات سرکوب مالی بر فقر سکونتگا های روستایی طی دوره 1392-1370 مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. برای رسیدن به اهداف مطالعه از یک الگوی سیستم معادلات همزمان استفاده شده است و روش حداقل مربعات دو مرحلهای(2SLS) به عنوان روش مناسب برای برآورد آن انتخاب شده است. نتایج مدل نشان داد که تأثیر سرکوب مالی بر فقر مثبت است. از این رو، برنامهریزی سیاستگذاران در این ارتباط میتواند از اهمیت ویژهای برخوردار باشد. همچنین با توجه به محدودیتهای مناطق روستایی و بخش کشاورزی ایران ضروری است که تزریق سرمایه به شکلی صورت گیرد که به صورت کامل جذب گردد.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle0"> Introduction:</span></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle1">Globalization, new pattern of global economy growth, weakness of welfare state along </span>with cultural and thinking processes such as criticism regarding political economic system challenge prevailing economic development pattern, eradication of poverty and social welfare. This challenge resulted in proposing of rural social approach with emphasize on community based development plan. Low rate of physical investment in rural areas regarding growth domestic products, the existence of in appropriate economic, social and physical infrastructure in the area of transportation, communication, irrigation, education and medical care and hygiene are among some signs of under development. However, target free plans with respect to eradication of poverty, and lack of cause and effect approach could be considered as development barriers. It is argued that empowerment of the rural settlers and increase in their economic and social capabilities are prerequisite for any rural investigation. The development of financial sector could play prominent role regarding the achievement of accelerated and continuous economic growth. Countries which possess well developed system could better be able to pace along development course. Most countries economy during 1950s and 60s were affected by those economists who were in favor of financial suppression. Regulations are the major specification of financial suppression. This could deviate the prices in financial markets. These regulations include the top determination of upper limit of nominal interest rate regarding deposits as well as theone pertaining to mortgage rate, high legal bank financial reservoir and the allocation of command credits. These limitation and barriers make the financial flow low. Furthermore, financial resources are devoted to low efficient and non-prioritized plans. Thus financial suppression will lead to downsizing of fiscal sector and as a result decrease in economic growth.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle0">Research Method:</span></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle1">Financial suppression as an important challenge demands some efforts with respect to </span>the assessment of financial mediation in economic activities. Financial suppression was measured by different indices. Rubin & Martin (1992), Hang & Vang (2001), Coli (2001), measure the level of financial suppression by real interest rate and inflation rate, rate between government debt and cash flow, and the management of exchange rate respectively. This study aims to measure the impact of financial suppression over rural poverty by adding couple variable beside those offered by forgoing studies using 2SLS <span class="fontstyle0" style="text-align: -webkit-auto; ">where </span><span class="fontstyle2" style="text-align: -webkit-auto; ">Lpo</span><span class="fontstyle2" style="text-align: -webkit-auto; font-size: 28pt; "> </span><span class="fontstyle0" style="text-align: -webkit-auto; ">Stands for logarithm of level of rural settlers poverty </span>are the indices for financial suppression which are associated with real interest rate, exchange rate gap (official and free market rate), the difference between domestic inflation rate as opposed to global rate, the ratio of government debt over cash flow ,existed capital in rural areas, the logarithm of rural unemployment rate and the logarithm of rural income respectively. This equation is capable of investigating the ration ship between exogenous and internal variables between 1370-91.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify; "><strong><span class="fontstyle4">Discussion and Conclusion:</span></strong></div>
<div style="text-align: justify; "><span class="fontstyle0">This study suggests that there exist a negative relationship between the financial </span>suppression variables and poverty level. This could be justified by the existence of poor capital market and the degree of dependency of production firms on credits. Furthermore, lack of an appropriate investment mechanism increase the bank debt of small rural investors. Moreover, credit conditions are vulnerable. This study suggests that one percent increase in poverty level is associated with 0.11 decreases in rural investment. There exist a positive relationship between income and capital. Increase in production level means more income and this in turn cause increase in capital and level of investment. The existence of positive and important relationship between financial suppression and rural poverty, well justify development of plan for departing from suppression. It is argued that lack of financial suppression and financial development could pave the way for financial mediators to invest in rural areas. Doing so could create job opportunities and eradicate rural poverty. This study further suggests freeing the financial market in order to combat this kind of suppression.</div>
فقر , سرکوب مالی , سکونتگاه های روستایی , روش حداقل مربعات دو مرحلهای ,
Financial suppression, Rural Settlement, Two Stages Least Square.
75
86
http://serd.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3-55&slc_lang=fa&sid=1
Mohammad Ilyas
Karim
محمدالیاس
کریم
10031947532846001927
10031947532846001927
No
M.A. of Rural Development and Food Security, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
کارشناس ارشد توسعه روستایی و امنیت غذایی، دانشگاه نیوکاستل، استرالیا.
Somayeh
Kouchakzadeh
سمیه
کوچک زاده
skoochakzadeh@gmail.com
10031947532846001928
10031947532846001928
Yes
Lecturer, Department of Economics, University of Vali Asr Rafsanjan Rafsanjan, Iran
مربی گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه ولی عصر رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران
Hajar
Asna Ashari
هاجر
اثنی عشری
hajar_esna@yahoo.com
10031947532846001929
10031947532846001929
No
Ph.D. Agricultural Economics, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran
دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران
Mohammad
Karim
محمدحسین
کریم
10031947532846001930
10031947532846001930
No
Associate Prof. in Economics and a member of the Association of Rural Development, Tehran, Iran
دانشیار دانشگاه علوم اقتصادی و عضو انجمن علمی توسعه روستایی ایران، تهران، ایران