SPACE ECONOMY & RURAL DEVELOPMENT
اقتصاد فضا و توسعه روستایی
Literature & Humanities
http://serd.khu.ac.ir
1
admin
2322-2131
2588-476X
8
doi
14
4444
13
fa
jalali
1400
1
1
gregorian
2021
4
1
10
35
online
1
fulltext
other
بررسی تغییرات تکنولوژی تولید گندم و تأثیر آن بر اقتصاد روستایی در استان فارس
Changes in wheat production technology and the impact on the rural economy in Fars Province
تخصصي
Special
پژوهشي
Research
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><strong><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">با توجه به محدودیت منابع و نهادهها در کشاورزی، آنچه محرک رشد تولید است پیشرفت تکنولوژی است. تکنولوژی چیزی فراتر از روش تولید و فرآیندهای آن است، در حقیقت تکنولوژی آمیختهای از دانش، مهارت و توانایی فنی است. با توجه به اهمیت تکنولوژی در رشد تولید در این مقاله به بررسی تغییرات تکنولوژی و تأثیر آن بر اقتصاد روستایی در استان فارس با رهیافت رگرسیون وزنی جغرافیایی </span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">طی دوره زمانی </span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">1397-</span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">1392پرداخته شده است</span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">. بدین منظور ابتدا تابع هزینه ترانسلوگ با استفاده از دادههای جمعآوری شده برای محدوده زمانی مورد مطالعه با روش رگرسیون وزنی جغرافیایی</span> <span style="color:#222222;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">(</span></span><span dir="LTR">GWR</span><span style="color:#222222;"><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">)</span></span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;"> برآورد شده است. سپس با استفاده از نتایج حاصل از تخمین مدل، تغییرات تکنولوژی به سه جزء تغییر فنی خالص، غیر خنثی و ناشی از گسترش مقیاس تجزیه شده است. نتایج نشان داد که در دوره مورد مطالعه میانگین تغییرات تکنولوژی 001/0 رشد داشته است. میزان اثر نرخ تغییر فنی غیر خنثی در تغییرات تکنولوژی بیشتر ازمیزان تغییر فنی خالص و گسترش مقیاس بوده است، میانگین نرخ رشد تغییر فنی غیر خنثی، تغییر فنی خالص و گسترش مقیاس به ترتیب 021/0، 005/0- و 015/0- بدست آمده</span><span dir="LTR">‎</span><span style="font-family:B Nazanin;">است. بنابراین با توجه به یافتهها، میانگین تغییرات تکنولوژی رشد اندکی بر اقتصاد روستا داشته است و نتوانسته است موجب به کارگیری امکانات تولید و بهبود مقیاس تولید گردد، اما منجر به تغییر فنی غیر خنثی از طریق عامل تغییرات قیمت نهادهها و صرفه جویی در عوامل تولید شده است. بنابراین با توجه به نتایج پیشنهاد میگردد، به منظور استفاده هر چه بیشتر از تکنولوژیهای نوین باید مشکل توسعه زیر ساختهای مکانیزاسیون(تسطیح، یکپارچهسازی، زهکشی اراضی و اعطای وام کمبهره) برطرف گردد تا استفاده از ماشینآلات را مقرون به صرفه نماید</span><span style="font-weight:normal;"><span style="font-family:B Mitra;">.</span></span></strong></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color:#000000;"><strong>Introduction</strong><br>
The increasing population growth and the need for more agricultural products on the one hand, and on the other hand, the limitations of agricultural development are problems that human beings have always tried to solve. Due to the limited resources and inputs of production, it seems that further production growth is possible through advanced technologies. In fact, technology is something beyond the method of production and its processes; Technology is a mixture of knowledge, skill and technical ability. In fact, technology is something beyond the method of production and its processes; Technology is a mixture of knowledge, skill and technical ability. The use of technology can increase productivity, increase labor productivity, reduce production costs and reduce hassle of labor, hence encouraging villagers to continue agricultural activities. Therefore, the development of technology will play an important role in development strategies and rural economy. Based on the translog cost function, technological changes can be divided into three components: pure technical change, non-neutral, and scale expansion. Recognizing the changes in technology governing wheat farmers for this matter, and its growth rate to help improve and strengthen their status and provide analyzes based on economic principles should be considered.<br>
Among agricultural products, wheat is considered a strategic product and has more than 50% of the total cultivation area of Iranian grain crops. Fars Province is the second province in terms of wheat production in Iran. Despite the high capability of wheat production in Iran, this province has changed its position in production due to instable production. Thus, addressing the issue of technological changes that can affect wheat production is of particular importance.<br>
Also, in Fars Province, zoning plan of production areas was carried out in 2013 with the aim of transferring new knowledge to producers in the agricultural sector in small managerial areas called zones. In addition to the zoning plan in Fars Province (cities), in this research, an attempt has been made to address the changes in wheat farmers' technology and its impact on the rural economy using the geographical weight regression method.<br>
<br>
<strong>Methodology</strong><br>
The current study is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of aim. The data collection tool is in the form of documents which according to the information obtained from the experts of Fars Agricultural-Jahad organization during the period 2013-2018. First, the distance between cities was created using a Google Earth software to form a weight matrix; Then, the model was estimated with the translog cost function and by considering the weight matrix and the geographical weight regression method in Stata16 software. The statistical population of the study is wheat farmers in the cities of Fars Province, which is divided into 612 parcels. Now, after several years of implementation of this plan (zoning of Fars province), technology changes by its components (pure technical change, non-neutral change and scale expansion) to produce wheat in Fars Province was examined using weight regression approach Geographical (GWR). Because each implementation of technology change requires special policies, calculating technology changes by its components is vital and necessary.<br>
<br>
<strong>Discussion and conclusion</strong><br>
The results of estimating the translog cost function by geographical regression model showed that seed, soil and water elasticity at the level of one percent and toxin elasticity at the level of five percent are significant. High coefficient of determination is also a good sign of fitness. Evaluation of the results of calculating technology changes shows that in the study period and with a geographical regression approach, the average progress of wheat technology in the rural economy of the province sums to 0.001. In addition, the average growth rates of pure technical change, non-neutral scale expansion are -0.005, 0.021 and -0.15, respectively. The share of the effect of non-neutral technical change rate in technology changes is greater than the share of pure technical change and scale expansion.<br>
As the results show, the average growth of technology is not significant, which can be attributed to the lack of convergence of the average growth rate of non-neutral technical change and pure technical change and scale expansion. In fact, this level of technological advancement has not been able to have much positive effect on the rural economy in Fars Province. According to the results, it is suggested that for the growth of new technology, investment in mechanization infrastructure such as leveling, drainage, land consolidation and lending to be used to better use equipment and production facilities and benefit from the optimal scale of production because in practice, the performance of new technologies will be negligible if these issues won’t be considered.<br>
In addition, the results show that cities; Marvdasht, Arsanjan, Kazerun, Sarvestan and Kharameh, which are located near the center of the province (Shiraz), have had the greatest impact due to technological changes in the rural economy, because they have more facilities. Abadeh, Neyriz, Mehr, Farashband and Rostam, which are located in the marginal areas of Fars Province, had the lowest average of technological changes in the region's economy, because they had less access to the use of new technologies.<br>
In addition, the results of neutral change lead to cost savings on the production factors. In other words, technological changes have been able to manage the use of inputs to reduce production costs.<span dir="RTL"></span></span></div>
تغییرات تکنولوژی, تولید گندم, اقتصاد روستایی, استان فارس
Technology changes, wheat production, rural economy, Fars Province
155
172
http://serd.khu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2-290&slc_lang=other&sid=1
Raei
Seyedeh Samaneh
سیده سمانه
راعی
10031947532846005310
10031947532846005310
No
PhD student in Agricultural Economics, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Iran
دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران
Ebrahim
Moradi
ابراهیم
مرادی
ebmoradi31@gmail.com
10031947532846005311
10031947532846005311
Yes
Assistant Professor of Agricultural Economics, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Iran
استادیار اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران
Ahmad
Akbari
احمد
اکبری
10031947532846005312
10031947532846005312
No
Professor of Agricultural Economics, Sistan and Baluchestan University, Zahedan, Iran
استاد اقتصاد کشاورزی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران