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Asgar Akbari, Fatehmeh Nooshinfard, Nadjla Hariri,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Volume 4, Issue 4 (3-2018)
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Knowledge management is a process that helps organizations in identify, select, organize, publication and transfer unstructured information and skills. Today, this experience has failed in some organizations about knowledge management. Academic libraries are also subject to similar conditions as an organization. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and compare the barriers of knowledge flow in the libraries of State and Islamic Azad universities.
Methodology: The research method is a survey-analytical type. Data collected using a questionnaire from managers of 120 central libraries of universities. For statistical analysis, simple t-test is used.
Findings: The dimensions of the source of knowledge and the technical and technological factors of knowledge in the libraries of the public and private universities are significant, meaning that the conditions of the libraries of state universities are better. Comparing the results of communication channels, management and individual factors, there was no significant difference, although managerial barriers were evident in both groups. In the context of comparing knowledge management processes, in the process of access and knowledge sharing, the libraries of public universities have a better performance than Islamic Azad universities, but in the processes of creation, identification, aggregation, review, and use of knowledge of state-run university libraries differs little from the libraries of Islamic Azad universities.
Conclusion: Considering the position and position of libraries, especially university libraries, in the process of knowledge management, in order to overcome obstacle challenges, improve and improve their current status, efficient management should be achieved, defined and operational strategic objectives It is important to consider employees as the main pillars of knowledge managers and to use the information technology tool effectively.
Dr. Mohsen Nowkarizi, Mr. Ali Akbari, Dr. Reza Rostami, Dr. Ali Moghimi,
Volume 5, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Volume 5, Issue 4 (3-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: Under the influence of various factors, people use different methods and methods to obtain information and express different information behaviors. These behaviors have been introduced in the form of patterns and models of information retrieval by information science experts in recent decades, which can be used in various fields. One of these areas that almost all people are directly or indirectly involved in is the field of treatment and medicine.
Methods: This paper whit quasi-experimental examines the Analysis of information behavior of psychotherapists in the process of diagnosing and treating mental disorders based on the Kuhlthau information search process model. The population of this study is psychologists and psychiatrists with more than two years of treatment history. The sample selected from this group also includes 30 therapists who entered the competition through a public call as a top therapist using a simple sampling method.
Results: The findings show that the sequence of therapists' movements is in accordance with Kuhlthau's opinion and they perform a repetitive movement in the diagnosis and treatment process, but the level of presence of therapists (time spent) differs at different stages from the model considered by Kuhlthau. The findings also showed that variables such as treatment history, field of study, and gender could influence the behavior of therapists. On the other hand, the relationship between the information of the therapists' information behavior and variables such as information literacy, state anxiety and trait, specialized knowledge and self-assessment of therapists was significantly evaluated.
Conclusion: The information behavior that a treatment specialist performs in his or her treatment process can be analyzed according to the Kuhlthau model.
Professor Zahed Bigdeli, Mr Mohammad Akbari Mahalekolaei, Mr Abdolreza Izadi,
Volume 6, Issue 2 (8-2019)
Volume 6, Issue 2 (8-2019)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The purpose of the present research is to implement a part of Wilson's model of information behavior to approach consumer behavior. Therefore effect of personality and demographic characteristics were assessed on the information needs of mobile phone customers.
Methods: This is a descriptive correlational survey research. Instruments applied were Rammstedt & John's Personality questionnaire and a researcher made questionnaire. Population consisted of Tehran's main mobile center customers. Sample selected was 384 Mobile customers. Hypotheses were tested by t- test, Spearman correlation, multivariate regression and Pearson correlation.
Findings: Findings for personality traits reveal that: The effects of four variables including agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness on information needs have been confirmed and concerning the variable of extroversion, the null hypothesis has been confirmed. The demographic data showed that age, income and gender have an influence on information needs. Also, findings related to the variable of education, confirmed the significant relation of this variable with brand conscious.
Conclusion: In addition to highlighting the link between two areas of information behavior and consumer behavior, the research confirmed the relationship and effectiveness of the two intervening variables in Wilson's information behavior model with information needs.
Fatemeh Salmani, Mohammad Reza Kiani, Mohammad Mohammad Akbari Booreng, Leila Talebzade Shoshtari,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Social media and psychological issues related to it, have attracted increasing attention nowadays and have been the subject of many studies in this field. Meanwhile, Instagram was studied in this research due to its many features and the special attention of young people to this platform. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of body image in using Instagram.
Materials and methods: This correlation study was conducted in a sample of 375 students. Data were collected using “body image” and “use of Instagram” questionnaires.
Findings: According to the results, students used Instagram more than average. They were relatively satisfied with their body image. Also, the results showed that the higher the apparent dissatisfaction and functional interference of the respondents (as components of body image), the higher their use of Instagram.
Conclusion: Due to the increasing popularity of social media, researchers have begun to investigate the possible consequences of this new media format on body image. There are some unique features of social media that distinguish them from traditional media and may help in understanding any effect they may have on body image: 1. Social media such as Instagram have their own users and are very popular among the younger generation. have; 2. People often present an idealized version of themselves on social media, uploading their most attractive images to their profile that can be edited and improved, and deleting any images they find unattractive; 3. Although social media contain images of a range of different types of people (eg, friends, family, strangers, celebrities), they are generally used to interact with peers.
Young people are influenced by three main sources: parents, peers, and media. As a major factor in socialization, parents have a strong influence on their children's body image, and this can be directly or indirectly related to body weight or appearance in general, for example through their comments. As children grow older and enter adolescence, peers play an increasingly important role in body image concerns, especially when intimacy is a necessary component of receiving approval from others. Adolescents learn from their peers what type of body image is associated with popularity and attractiveness. Finally, the media plays a determining role, as young people in the media are often portrayed as attractive and perfectly fit, which may lead to body image concerns among those exposed to them. Past research has shown that certain social media environments, such as Instagram, may be effective in creating feelings of inadequacy and comparing oneself to others in terms of body image.
Instagram contains a plethora of seemingly authentic images, many of which represent body ideals. Physical appearance actually plays an important role on Instagram, and studies have shown that teens and young adults experience distress, body dissatisfaction, and pressure to look perfect on social media. Since Instagram gives its users the opportunity to edit content before posting it on their profile, users tend to resort to behaviors such as image filtering.
Previous studies have emphasized the importance and extent of using social media, especially the Instagram social network, in the world and in Iran, and clearly confirmed the mutual effect of its use with psychological issues, including people's attitudes about their body image among the users of this network. It is important to note that most researches have focused on the role of using Instagram on psychological variables, but this research focused on the role of body image variable on the use of Instagram. Although two-way relationship is tested in correlation studies, the goal of the researchers in terms of predictor variables and criteria determines the direction of the analysis. Based on this, this research sought to determine the relationship between the body image of the studied community and the use of Instagram after examining the status of the variables of Instagram use and body image among the subjects under study ( University of Birjand students)?
Instagram is a visual program that has given its users the ability to send photos, videos, selfies, live broadcasts, and in addition has created the necessary interaction so that users can react to the stories and posts of their followers. The many features of this platform and its attractiveness for young people made the community under study of this research to show high statistics of using this media (based on the results of the first question). This issue can provide many opportunities for society's decision makers to use these capabilities in the service of raising the standards of today's social life. Therefore, domestic similar platforms should be strengthened so that they can replace it due to the filtering of this social media. However, due to the international nature of Instagram, it is unlikely that a suitable alternative will be found for it; Therefore, it is suggested to facilitate favorable conditions for students to use this media along with their awareness about its benefits and harms. Because filtering media that is very popular among young people will cause dissatisfaction and hidden and open social aggressions.
Data were collected using body image questionnaires (Littleton et al., 2005) and using Instagram (Lezbna, 2015). The body image questionnaire (Littleton et al., 2005) contains 19 items and uses a Likert scale (scored from 1 meaning never to 5 meaning always). The validity of this questionnaire using the correlation method with the self-report scale of body dysmorphic disorder was reported as 0.83 in the research of Littleton et al. (2005). Also, in a study conducted by Basak Nejad and Ghaffari (2006), the validity of this questionnaire was tested and confirmed using the correlation coefficient between this scale and the fear of negative evaluation of physical appearance (r=0.55). The reliability of the questionnaire in the research of Littleton et al. (2005) was evaluated by the internal consistency method and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient obtained was equal to 0.93. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the first and second factors was 0.92 and 0.76, respectively, and the correlation coefficient between the two factors (1. apparent dissatisfaction and 2. functional interference) was 0.69. In the research of Rostagarinia and Ali Khademi (2022), the reliability of this questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha method was 0.86 for the entire questionnaire, 0.84 for the first subscale (apparent dissatisfaction) and 0.71 for the second subscale (functional interference). It is reported that it indicates acceptable reliability of the questionnaire. In the present study, Cronbach's alpha of the whole body image questionnaire was 0.88, the first component (appearance dissatisfaction) was 0.84, and the second component (functional interference) was 0.77.
The second questionnaire was the use of Instagram (Lezbna, 2015). This questionnaire contains 13 items and has been used in many personality and clinical research projects due to its high validity (Pouyanfar, 2019). In this research, the validity of this questionnaire was checked and confirmed using the content validity method (subject experts and professors). Lezbana (2015) reported the reliability of this questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.81 and Pouyanfar (2019) 0.83. In the current study, the Cronbach's alpha of the Instagram usage questionnaire was 0.81.
The statistical data analysis of this research was done using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, tables and graphs) and inferential statistics (including regression tests, Pearson correlation coefficient and one-sample t-________________________________________________________________________
The Journal of Human Information Interaction is supported by Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
This work is published under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license
The statistical data analysis of this research was done using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, tables and graphs) and inferential statistics (including regression tests, Pearson correlation coefficient and one-sample t-test). The software used for statistical analysis was SPSS version 25. In addition, the normality of the data distribution was confirmed using the Kolomogrov-Smirnov test.
The results of the first question, which asked the students' use of the social network Instagram, were obtained in such a way that the sample T-Tech test showed that the students' use of Instagram, despite being filtered, with an average of 43.53 at the level of 0.01, is significantly higher than The average was 39. The findings showed that most of the respondents (138 people) have been using Instagram for more than 4 years, the respondents spend between 1 and 2 hours on Instagram, the number of posts they share on this platform is less than 10 posts, and according to the results, although They post pictures on Instagram once a month. The respondents checked Instagram sometimes and agreed that they devoted a part of their daily schedule to Instagram and that Instagram was a part of the respondents' daily activities; So that they used Instagram in their free time, at work or class, etc. In the end, the respondents believed that they should be present on Instagram all day and if they are not present, their communication is cut off.
McCormick (2018) believes that Instagram is a social network platform, and the adoption of this program by many users and the use of new technologies in different fields increase the value of this program day by day, and the reason that makes it more attractive to advertisers is the young audience of this program. . According to the latest statistics of the Statista website, users aged 25 to 34 are the largest age group of Instagram users worldwide, followed by people aged 18 to 24, and in the meantime, India is at the top of the list of Instagram users with 201 million Instagram users. . Bolton et al. (2013) concluded that young consumers are a technologically savvy and visually advanced generation, and their adaptability to using technology eases many issues because they are born with the introduction of technology. Starcevich and Konjikoshi (2018) also believe that the young generation has the most participation in social media when compared to previous generations. Other researches inside and outside the country such as Poyanfar (2019); Borbor and Tajik Ismaili (1401); Brati and Atrian (1400); Kapenter et al. (2020); Huang and Chu (2018) have obtained results consistent with the results of this research.
The results of the second question, how do the students perceive their body image? It showed that the students' opinion about the negative image of their own body was significantly lower than the average, in other words, they did not have a very unfavorable image of their appearance. Also, the respondents were rarely dissatisfied with some parts of their appearance, sometimes they spend considerable time in the mirror, they never feel that the people around them have a negative opinion about them, if they are dissatisfied with their appearance, they still participate in social activities, use cosmetics to improve their appearance. They rarely seek approval from others about their appearance, they are not afraid of others finding fault with their appearance, and they do not avoid looking in the mirror. The results of the T-Tech exam of the sample of students regarding their body image with two research components (appearance dissatisfaction and functional interference) are reported with an average level. The results show that the status of students regarding their body image with an average of 41.78 at the level of 0.01 is significantly lower than the average of 57. Also, the state of apparent dissatisfaction of students with an average of 20.93 and functional interference with an average of 20.85 is significant at the level of 0.01 and below the average; Therefore, the students had a relatively positive image of their body. Mohad et al. (2013) in their research, consistent with the current research, concluded that 85% of the respondents are more than average satisfied with their body. In the case of those who had an unfavorable body image, this dissatisfaction with appearance increased the desire to wear makeup. Also, interference in a person's social performance increases both the desire and the practice of makeup. Khodaparast et al. (2019) obtained the average of body image components and compared it with the average, and concluded that the sample people have a positive and favorable view of their body image. Contrary to the present study, Wood-Barkalow et al. (2010) concluded that 12 of the respondents were not satisfied with their body image. It seems that the type of subjects of this study did not have an effect on obtaining these results. Students in an active and rich environment usually receive positive feedback from their friends, and at a young age, due to physical health and vitality, a person's attitude towards his body is more positive than at an older age.
In the research hypothesis, students' body image predicts their use of Instagram. The results were such that in this hypothesis, the components of body image including appearance dissatisfaction and functional interference were considered as predictor variables and Instagram use as criterion variable. The results of the variable correlation test (as a regression assumption) showed that there is a significant relationship between body image and both of its components, i.e., appearance dissatisfaction and functional interference (as a predictor variable) and using Instagram (as a criterion variable) at the level of 0.05. Appearance dissatisfaction and functional interference were the variables entered in the regression equation at the same time, and both variables remained in the model. Chua and Chang's (2016) research showed that people's feedback from peers and society has a significant effect on the dissemination of photos published on Instagram, and functional interference is a predictor of Instagram use. Verastro et al. (2020) conducted a study, and the results showed that people who felt more anxious and uncomfortable about their body image and had more pressure to comply with social media standards were people who edited their pictures and then posted them online. upload, internalize the beauty stereotype suggested by Instagram and use Instagram more. Pedalino and Camrini (2022) obtained results consistent with this research, which was associated with lower levels of body satisfaction in the target population due to the social comparison process of ideal body images shared on the Instagram platform.
Fardouli et al. (2022) used the multiple regression method in their research and the result of their research was also consistent with the present research. Also, Cowles et al. (2023) concluded that participants who spent more time on Instagram had higher levels of body dissatisfaction and more comparisons of physical appearance. In their research, Sohrabzadeh et al. (2018) concluded that there is a significant and direct relationship between body image and the use of Instagram with a correlation coefficient (0.236) and a significance level (0.0001). In addition, Sadeghzadeh et al. (2018) reported in their study that dissatisfaction with body image has a significant and positive relationship with the amount of use of Instagram (r = 0.64, p<0.01).
Materials and methods: This correlation study was conducted in a sample of 375 students. Data were collected using “body image” and “use of Instagram” questionnaires.
Findings: According to the results, students used Instagram more than average. They were relatively satisfied with their body image. Also, the results showed that the higher the apparent dissatisfaction and functional interference of the respondents (as components of body image), the higher their use of Instagram.
Conclusion: Due to the increasing popularity of social media, researchers have begun to investigate the possible consequences of this new media format on body image. There are some unique features of social media that distinguish them from traditional media and may help in understanding any effect they may have on body image: 1. Social media such as Instagram have their own users and are very popular among the younger generation. have; 2. People often present an idealized version of themselves on social media, uploading their most attractive images to their profile that can be edited and improved, and deleting any images they find unattractive; 3. Although social media contain images of a range of different types of people (eg, friends, family, strangers, celebrities), they are generally used to interact with peers.
Young people are influenced by three main sources: parents, peers, and media. As a major factor in socialization, parents have a strong influence on their children's body image, and this can be directly or indirectly related to body weight or appearance in general, for example through their comments. As children grow older and enter adolescence, peers play an increasingly important role in body image concerns, especially when intimacy is a necessary component of receiving approval from others. Adolescents learn from their peers what type of body image is associated with popularity and attractiveness. Finally, the media plays a determining role, as young people in the media are often portrayed as attractive and perfectly fit, which may lead to body image concerns among those exposed to them. Past research has shown that certain social media environments, such as Instagram, may be effective in creating feelings of inadequacy and comparing oneself to others in terms of body image.
Instagram contains a plethora of seemingly authentic images, many of which represent body ideals. Physical appearance actually plays an important role on Instagram, and studies have shown that teens and young adults experience distress, body dissatisfaction, and pressure to look perfect on social media. Since Instagram gives its users the opportunity to edit content before posting it on their profile, users tend to resort to behaviors such as image filtering.
Previous studies have emphasized the importance and extent of using social media, especially the Instagram social network, in the world and in Iran, and clearly confirmed the mutual effect of its use with psychological issues, including people's attitudes about their body image among the users of this network. It is important to note that most researches have focused on the role of using Instagram on psychological variables, but this research focused on the role of body image variable on the use of Instagram. Although two-way relationship is tested in correlation studies, the goal of the researchers in terms of predictor variables and criteria determines the direction of the analysis. Based on this, this research sought to determine the relationship between the body image of the studied community and the use of Instagram after examining the status of the variables of Instagram use and body image among the subjects under study ( University of Birjand students)?
Instagram is a visual program that has given its users the ability to send photos, videos, selfies, live broadcasts, and in addition has created the necessary interaction so that users can react to the stories and posts of their followers. The many features of this platform and its attractiveness for young people made the community under study of this research to show high statistics of using this media (based on the results of the first question). This issue can provide many opportunities for society's decision makers to use these capabilities in the service of raising the standards of today's social life. Therefore, domestic similar platforms should be strengthened so that they can replace it due to the filtering of this social media. However, due to the international nature of Instagram, it is unlikely that a suitable alternative will be found for it; Therefore, it is suggested to facilitate favorable conditions for students to use this media along with their awareness about its benefits and harms. Because filtering media that is very popular among young people will cause dissatisfaction and hidden and open social aggressions.
Data were collected using body image questionnaires (Littleton et al., 2005) and using Instagram (Lezbna, 2015). The body image questionnaire (Littleton et al., 2005) contains 19 items and uses a Likert scale (scored from 1 meaning never to 5 meaning always). The validity of this questionnaire using the correlation method with the self-report scale of body dysmorphic disorder was reported as 0.83 in the research of Littleton et al. (2005). Also, in a study conducted by Basak Nejad and Ghaffari (2006), the validity of this questionnaire was tested and confirmed using the correlation coefficient between this scale and the fear of negative evaluation of physical appearance (r=0.55). The reliability of the questionnaire in the research of Littleton et al. (2005) was evaluated by the internal consistency method and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient obtained was equal to 0.93. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the first and second factors was 0.92 and 0.76, respectively, and the correlation coefficient between the two factors (1. apparent dissatisfaction and 2. functional interference) was 0.69. In the research of Rostagarinia and Ali Khademi (2022), the reliability of this questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha method was 0.86 for the entire questionnaire, 0.84 for the first subscale (apparent dissatisfaction) and 0.71 for the second subscale (functional interference). It is reported that it indicates acceptable reliability of the questionnaire. In the present study, Cronbach's alpha of the whole body image questionnaire was 0.88, the first component (appearance dissatisfaction) was 0.84, and the second component (functional interference) was 0.77.
The second questionnaire was the use of Instagram (Lezbna, 2015). This questionnaire contains 13 items and has been used in many personality and clinical research projects due to its high validity (Pouyanfar, 2019). In this research, the validity of this questionnaire was checked and confirmed using the content validity method (subject experts and professors). Lezbana (2015) reported the reliability of this questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.81 and Pouyanfar (2019) 0.83. In the current study, the Cronbach's alpha of the Instagram usage questionnaire was 0.81.
The statistical data analysis of this research was done using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, tables and graphs) and inferential statistics (including regression tests, Pearson correlation coefficient and one-sample t-________________________________________________________________________
The Journal of Human Information Interaction is supported by Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
This work is published under CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license
The statistical data analysis of this research was done using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, tables and graphs) and inferential statistics (including regression tests, Pearson correlation coefficient and one-sample t-test). The software used for statistical analysis was SPSS version 25. In addition, the normality of the data distribution was confirmed using the Kolomogrov-Smirnov test.
The results of the first question, which asked the students' use of the social network Instagram, were obtained in such a way that the sample T-Tech test showed that the students' use of Instagram, despite being filtered, with an average of 43.53 at the level of 0.01, is significantly higher than The average was 39. The findings showed that most of the respondents (138 people) have been using Instagram for more than 4 years, the respondents spend between 1 and 2 hours on Instagram, the number of posts they share on this platform is less than 10 posts, and according to the results, although They post pictures on Instagram once a month. The respondents checked Instagram sometimes and agreed that they devoted a part of their daily schedule to Instagram and that Instagram was a part of the respondents' daily activities; So that they used Instagram in their free time, at work or class, etc. In the end, the respondents believed that they should be present on Instagram all day and if they are not present, their communication is cut off.
McCormick (2018) believes that Instagram is a social network platform, and the adoption of this program by many users and the use of new technologies in different fields increase the value of this program day by day, and the reason that makes it more attractive to advertisers is the young audience of this program. . According to the latest statistics of the Statista website, users aged 25 to 34 are the largest age group of Instagram users worldwide, followed by people aged 18 to 24, and in the meantime, India is at the top of the list of Instagram users with 201 million Instagram users. . Bolton et al. (2013) concluded that young consumers are a technologically savvy and visually advanced generation, and their adaptability to using technology eases many issues because they are born with the introduction of technology. Starcevich and Konjikoshi (2018) also believe that the young generation has the most participation in social media when compared to previous generations. Other researches inside and outside the country such as Poyanfar (2019); Borbor and Tajik Ismaili (1401); Brati and Atrian (1400); Kapenter et al. (2020); Huang and Chu (2018) have obtained results consistent with the results of this research.
The results of the second question, how do the students perceive their body image? It showed that the students' opinion about the negative image of their own body was significantly lower than the average, in other words, they did not have a very unfavorable image of their appearance. Also, the respondents were rarely dissatisfied with some parts of their appearance, sometimes they spend considerable time in the mirror, they never feel that the people around them have a negative opinion about them, if they are dissatisfied with their appearance, they still participate in social activities, use cosmetics to improve their appearance. They rarely seek approval from others about their appearance, they are not afraid of others finding fault with their appearance, and they do not avoid looking in the mirror. The results of the T-Tech exam of the sample of students regarding their body image with two research components (appearance dissatisfaction and functional interference) are reported with an average level. The results show that the status of students regarding their body image with an average of 41.78 at the level of 0.01 is significantly lower than the average of 57. Also, the state of apparent dissatisfaction of students with an average of 20.93 and functional interference with an average of 20.85 is significant at the level of 0.01 and below the average; Therefore, the students had a relatively positive image of their body. Mohad et al. (2013) in their research, consistent with the current research, concluded that 85% of the respondents are more than average satisfied with their body. In the case of those who had an unfavorable body image, this dissatisfaction with appearance increased the desire to wear makeup. Also, interference in a person's social performance increases both the desire and the practice of makeup. Khodaparast et al. (2019) obtained the average of body image components and compared it with the average, and concluded that the sample people have a positive and favorable view of their body image. Contrary to the present study, Wood-Barkalow et al. (2010) concluded that 12 of the respondents were not satisfied with their body image. It seems that the type of subjects of this study did not have an effect on obtaining these results. Students in an active and rich environment usually receive positive feedback from their friends, and at a young age, due to physical health and vitality, a person's attitude towards his body is more positive than at an older age.
In the research hypothesis, students' body image predicts their use of Instagram. The results were such that in this hypothesis, the components of body image including appearance dissatisfaction and functional interference were considered as predictor variables and Instagram use as criterion variable. The results of the variable correlation test (as a regression assumption) showed that there is a significant relationship between body image and both of its components, i.e., appearance dissatisfaction and functional interference (as a predictor variable) and using Instagram (as a criterion variable) at the level of 0.05. Appearance dissatisfaction and functional interference were the variables entered in the regression equation at the same time, and both variables remained in the model. Chua and Chang's (2016) research showed that people's feedback from peers and society has a significant effect on the dissemination of photos published on Instagram, and functional interference is a predictor of Instagram use. Verastro et al. (2020) conducted a study, and the results showed that people who felt more anxious and uncomfortable about their body image and had more pressure to comply with social media standards were people who edited their pictures and then posted them online. upload, internalize the beauty stereotype suggested by Instagram and use Instagram more. Pedalino and Camrini (2022) obtained results consistent with this research, which was associated with lower levels of body satisfaction in the target population due to the social comparison process of ideal body images shared on the Instagram platform.
Fardouli et al. (2022) used the multiple regression method in their research and the result of their research was also consistent with the present research. Also, Cowles et al. (2023) concluded that participants who spent more time on Instagram had higher levels of body dissatisfaction and more comparisons of physical appearance. In their research, Sohrabzadeh et al. (2018) concluded that there is a significant and direct relationship between body image and the use of Instagram with a correlation coefficient (0.236) and a significance level (0.0001). In addition, Sadeghzadeh et al. (2018) reported in their study that dissatisfaction with body image has a significant and positive relationship with the amount of use of Instagram (r = 0.64, p<0.01).
Mahdi Akbari Golzar, Dr Ahmad Naderi,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
Introduction
Blockchain technology was first introduced in 2008 as a peer-to-peer electronic payment system. This technology has since attracted widespread attention in the field of scientific research as well as industry. Blockchain has been examined from various aspects. For example, a body of research examines how blockchain's decentralized approach could completely disrupt current business models, financial systems, organizations, and civil governance. Arguably, the clearest evidence of the growth and pervasiveness of this technology is the combined blockchain market capitalization reaching more than 2.6 trillion cryptocurrencies in 2024. In addition, development activity has been steadily growing over the past decade, and numerous projects have been launched to improve the core design of the blockchain (Bitcoin) (such as Ethereum, Kava, and Solana blockchains, etc.). Several articles have systematically reviewed the studies conducted in the field of blockchain in the country using the meta-combination method, all of which focus on the review of foreign articles. Due to the growth and widespread use of blockchain technology in the country and the increase in the scope of domestic research related to it, a systematic review of the research conducted inside the country also seemed necessary. In this regard, the aim of this article is to systematically review internal articles in the blockchain field, focusing on the human-computer interaction (HCI) field of study.
Methods and Materoal
In this research, we have used the qualitative meta-method for a systematic review of blockchain research. A systematic review is a method of identifying, evaluating, and interpreting past research related to a research question, topic area, or phenomenon of interest. The focus of this review is to summarize the HCI literature on blockchain technology. We organized this literature review in four comprehensive steps, following the PRISMA systematic review protocol.
Resultss and Discussion
We found that the articles in our sample adopted one of the following two perspectives. They conducted their research either on blockchain technology (74 articles, 66%) or specifically on cryptocurrencies (37 articles, 34%). Articles related to blockchain technology mainly discuss the understanding of users' motivation, perceived risks and the application of this technology, and articles related to cryptocurrencies also deal more with the jurisprudential and legal aspects of cryptocurrencies and the analysis of transaction risks and user experience. Most empirical studies that deal with people evolve around cryptocurrency, while contributions to blockchain often lead to products or evaluations of financial and administrative systems.
After providing an overview of blockchain research in the HCI community, we present and discuss the salient themes that emerged from the literature review. We identified 4 main themes:
Blockchain technology was first introduced in 2008 as a peer-to-peer electronic payment system. This technology has since attracted widespread attention in the field of scientific research as well as industry. Blockchain has been examined from various aspects. For example, a body of research examines how blockchain's decentralized approach could completely disrupt current business models, financial systems, organizations, and civil governance. Arguably, the clearest evidence of the growth and pervasiveness of this technology is the combined blockchain market capitalization reaching more than 2.6 trillion cryptocurrencies in 2024. In addition, development activity has been steadily growing over the past decade, and numerous projects have been launched to improve the core design of the blockchain (Bitcoin) (such as Ethereum, Kava, and Solana blockchains, etc.). Several articles have systematically reviewed the studies conducted in the field of blockchain in the country using the meta-combination method, all of which focus on the review of foreign articles. Due to the growth and widespread use of blockchain technology in the country and the increase in the scope of domestic research related to it, a systematic review of the research conducted inside the country also seemed necessary. In this regard, the aim of this article is to systematically review internal articles in the blockchain field, focusing on the human-computer interaction (HCI) field of study.
Methods and Materoal
In this research, we have used the qualitative meta-method for a systematic review of blockchain research. A systematic review is a method of identifying, evaluating, and interpreting past research related to a research question, topic area, or phenomenon of interest. The focus of this review is to summarize the HCI literature on blockchain technology. We organized this literature review in four comprehensive steps, following the PRISMA systematic review protocol.
Resultss and Discussion
We found that the articles in our sample adopted one of the following two perspectives. They conducted their research either on blockchain technology (74 articles, 66%) or specifically on cryptocurrencies (37 articles, 34%). Articles related to blockchain technology mainly discuss the understanding of users' motivation, perceived risks and the application of this technology, and articles related to cryptocurrencies also deal more with the jurisprudential and legal aspects of cryptocurrencies and the analysis of transaction risks and user experience. Most empirical studies that deal with people evolve around cryptocurrency, while contributions to blockchain often lead to products or evaluations of financial and administrative systems.
After providing an overview of blockchain research in the HCI community, we present and discuss the salient themes that emerged from the literature review. We identified 4 main themes:
- Decentralized economy and smart contracts (13 articles, 12%)
- Users' understanding and participation of blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies (48 articles, 43%)
- Application of blockchain technology in a specific field (34 articles, 31%)
- Jurisprudence and legal issues around blockchain and cryptocurrencies (16 articles, 14%).
Conclusion
After completing the systematic review of domestic articles, the most interesting point for us is the difference between domestic articles and international topics. As mentioned in some parts of the article, there are three general interests in the international research space that are less observed in domestic research. The first is issues related to the concept of trust in blockchain technologies. The second is the issues related to technical infrastructure and generally the way of socio-technical interactions in society, and the third is related to blockchain-based micro-projects such as Ethereum, Kava, Solana, etc., which are not considered in Iran.
The blockchain ecosystem has experienced rapid growth over the past decade. While until recently, Ethereum was the only widely used blockchain platform supporting decentralized applications, today several new blockchains (such as Solana, Kava, Polkadot, Terra, etc.) have been launched for decentralized applications. Many believe that this new generation of blockchains, which now offer instant transactions with low transaction fees, promises the third generation of the web. Web 1.0 allowed users to read (consume) content on the Internet. Web 2.0 added authoring options and the ability to generate content, thereby enabling rich interactive Internet applications. Powered by blockchain, Web 3.0 now adds the ability to own, create, and distribute digital assets. The first signs of this paradigm shift are the emergence of decentralized finance (DeFi) and non-fungible tokens (NFT), which so far account for more than two-thirds of transactions on the Ethereum blockchain and are driving user adoption of Ethereum. These topics and developments are being noticed by researchers all over the world, but we did not find any study in these fields inside the country. This issue is particularly important from the aspect that Web 3.0 challenges human interaction and cooperation on the Internet and, in a sense, mixes the human and technological space together.The need to pay attention to these research fields as well as the acceptance of interdisciplinary studies (specifically socio-technical studies) should be taken into account in order to open a gate for understanding the fast-paced global technological developments in the space of social studies and a field for presenting theories. To provide a new society in accordance with the socio-cultural context of Iranian society.
After completing the systematic review of domestic articles, the most interesting point for us is the difference between domestic articles and international topics. As mentioned in some parts of the article, there are three general interests in the international research space that are less observed in domestic research. The first is issues related to the concept of trust in blockchain technologies. The second is the issues related to technical infrastructure and generally the way of socio-technical interactions in society, and the third is related to blockchain-based micro-projects such as Ethereum, Kava, Solana, etc., which are not considered in Iran.
The blockchain ecosystem has experienced rapid growth over the past decade. While until recently, Ethereum was the only widely used blockchain platform supporting decentralized applications, today several new blockchains (such as Solana, Kava, Polkadot, Terra, etc.) have been launched for decentralized applications. Many believe that this new generation of blockchains, which now offer instant transactions with low transaction fees, promises the third generation of the web. Web 1.0 allowed users to read (consume) content on the Internet. Web 2.0 added authoring options and the ability to generate content, thereby enabling rich interactive Internet applications. Powered by blockchain, Web 3.0 now adds the ability to own, create, and distribute digital assets. The first signs of this paradigm shift are the emergence of decentralized finance (DeFi) and non-fungible tokens (NFT), which so far account for more than two-thirds of transactions on the Ethereum blockchain and are driving user adoption of Ethereum. These topics and developments are being noticed by researchers all over the world, but we did not find any study in these fields inside the country. This issue is particularly important from the aspect that Web 3.0 challenges human interaction and cooperation on the Internet and, in a sense, mixes the human and technological space together.The need to pay attention to these research fields as well as the acceptance of interdisciplinary studies (specifically socio-technical studies) should be taken into account in order to open a gate for understanding the fast-paced global technological developments in the space of social studies and a field for presenting theories. To provide a new society in accordance with the socio-cultural context of Iranian society.
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