Human Information Interaction

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Background and Aim: This paper aims to survey the method of Selecting subject to coping with Information Resources based on the Ellis model in Seminary, study 323 Students in Fars and Bushehr Province.   
Methods: The method of this study is a survey with analytical approach. Data collection tools in this study was questionnaire and in order to assess validity (content), and the questionnaire reliability was obtained by Cronbach alpha. Sampling is purposeful; Descriptive and analytical statistical methods such as Spearman's correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests were utilized. 
Results: prying mind (2/6), reviewing of information resources (3/13), Sites in the Internet related to subjects or social networks (3/92), Using online databases or weblogs (3/48), Authority (3/7), Studying abstract (2/48), is so important for seminary students.      
Conclusion: The results showed that Students of Seminary selected different methods that selected by research population for Selecting subject to coping with Information Resources and its not based on the Ellis Model

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Background and Aim: Under the influence of various factors, people use different methods and methods to obtain information and express different information behaviors. These behaviors have been introduced in the form of patterns and models of information retrieval by information science experts in recent decades, which can be used in various fields. One of these areas that almost all people are directly or indirectly involved in is the field of treatment and medicine.   
Methods: This paper whit quasi-experimental examines the Analysis of information behavior of psychotherapists in the process of diagnosing and treating mental disorders based on the Kuhlthau information search process model. The population of this study is psychologists and psychiatrists with more than two years of treatment history. The sample selected from this group also includes 30 therapists who entered the competition through a public call as a top therapist using a simple sampling method. 
Results: The findings show that the sequence of therapists' movements is in accordance with Kuhlthau's opinion and they perform a repetitive movement in the diagnosis and treatment process, but the level of presence of therapists (time spent) differs at different stages from the model considered by Kuhlthau. The findings also showed that variables such as treatment history, field of study, and gender could influence the behavior of therapists. On the other hand, the relationship between the information of the therapists' information behavior and variables such as information literacy, state anxiety and trait, specialized knowledge and self-assessment of therapists was significantly evaluated.    
Conclusion: The information behavior that a treatment specialist performs in his or her treatment process can be analyzed according to the Kuhlthau model.

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Background and Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine the quality requirements of the National Digital Library based on the Kano model and categorize users needs into three groups of:  Basic, functional and motivational.
Methods: This survey was conducted with a qualitative approach. The requirements of the digital library were extracted using two standards: "Digiqual manual" and the "Digital Library Evaluation Manual."   The requirements were adjusted based on Kano model in a questionnaire consisting of four categories and 52 pairs of questions (104 questions).
Results: The results of each of the requirements (basic, functional, motivational) in four dimensions (access control, content, data retrieval, and visual effects) show that   half of the users' requests are in the basic requirements group which National Digital Library officials should pay more attention to and prioritize the redesign or development plan of the digital library. Also, the second priority was the requirements of the functional group. Paying attention to the requirements of this group causes satisfaction and dissatisfaction otherwise. Attention to meeting the motivational requirements of the third priority if met  could create a high level of satisfaction in the use of the National Digital Library.
Conclusion: If clienteles  satisfaction is of worth,    managers of the National Digital Library should design short-term and long-term programs according to the users real needs.

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Background and Aim: The object of the  study was to Analyze IFLA Library Reference Model (LRM) Entities and Attributes for Iranian Traditional Music Resources, Case Study: Morq-e Sahar Song.
Method: The  study inherits an applied content analysis method. All Entities and Attributes of  IFlA LRM Model based on  two checklists include:  Final report of IFlA LRM on August 2017 and Transition Mappings User Tasks, Entities, Attributes, and Relationships in FRBR, FRAD, and FRSAD mapped to their equivalents in the IFLA Library Reference Model Analyzed for Morq-e Sahar Song data elements. The research sample size involves Fifty different performances of Morq-e sahar Song.
Results: The results show that all the eleven Entities and the Thirty -Seven Attributes of IFLA-LRM except for Cartographic scale attribute parallels  in Morq-e sahar  song data elements.
Conclusion: As a first step,  the results of  the study  in identifying conveniences of this model for organizing traditional Iranian music resources, realizing IFlA LRM Model’s Entities and Attributes which is  appropriate in Iranian traditional music organization is operational.  The results are also practical for experts of Information organization and designers of Information retrieval system.

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Background and Aim: E-learning is an important topic  in the educational settings and students are  significant prerequisites of it,  who have an essential role for the acceptance and effective use of e-learning management systems so that knowing their attitudes and mental models is essential for the successful implementation of such a method. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the Adoption Rate of students' mental model with the structure of the learning management system of the University of Tehran using the card sorting method.   
Methodology: Research had qualitative approach with card sorting and interview tools. Usabilitest software, descriptive statistics, distance matrix, and hierarchical clustering were used to analyze the data. Sample consisted of 15 postgraduate students at Tehran  University (second semester of the academic year 2019-2020) that were interacting with the learning management system (Moodle).
Findings: Findings indicate that out of 42 cards examined, the status and classification of 36 cards (85%) in the learning management system were fully consistent with the participants' mental model and only in some cases such as "Help" and" Recent lessons referred" according to their mental model, users expected these sections to be placed in other categories. As well as labeling; 66% of users found the "settings" tag more appropriate than their "preferences" and the function of some, such as "medal management", "medal preferences" was unclear to them. Also, the categories presented in the three sections: "User Profile", "Quick Access" and "My Lessons" were approved by users.
Conclusion: The results show that the degree of adaptation of students' mental model to the structure of the learning management system of the University of Tehran is at a desirable level.

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Background and Aim: Information seeking behavior arises when one feels a void in his/her knowledge which inspires one to acquire new information. The central point in explaining behavior is the fact that many features influence its occurrence, and emotions are considered to be a major element involved in human information behavior.  Also, Information seeking is a positive and negative emotional experience. The aim was to survey the role of emotions in information behavior.
Method:  Library research method was applied to study theoretical foundations and conceptual relationships of emotions in relation to information needs and related concepts. 
Results: By conceptual studies of the models process of information retrieval behavior of Kuhlthau and Nahl, it was found that emotional factors are very important in information retrieval and information-seeking behavior, which is influenced by negative (uncertainty, fear, anger) and positive emotions (happy, confident, satisfied).  Negative emotions increase at the beginning and over time and in the process of searching for information, decreases, while positive emotions intensifies.  Also,  these results indicate that positive emotions may help individuals acquire information to resolve an existing problem, whereas negative emotions may aid individuals acquire information when there is no apparent problem.
Conclusion:   In order to solve information need and to attain appropriate   desirable feedback, it is necessary that emotions be well identified and understood by both the user and the information systems, so  they could be better controlled.

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Aim: There is a framework of the organizational cybernetics so-called Viable System Model (VSM) that identifies a viable management plan in all general key channels of information that need to be maintained. The purpose was to evaluate the constructive facets of the organization and identify areas of organizations cybernetics.
Methodology: Theoretical analysis method evaluates the VSM among the scientific articles published from 2000 to 2020, which are indexed in Scopus and ISI databases. Thus, of 180 articles, the abstract and content of 51 were reviewed.
Findings:  A viable system (VS) is composed of five interactive sub-systems which may mapped on aspects of organizational structure. The study of the organizations’ collaboration based on the type of environment among the selected articles stated that the highest rate of application of the VSM with 52.9% were in industrial units and then educational institutions with 21.6%.
Conclusion:  Understanding the structure and operational functions, evaluating the complexities of systems and its subsets and guiding effective mechanisms in achieving the goals and maintaining the sustainability of the organization are the most important advantages and achievements of the VSM with the organizational cybernetic approach. Using the VSM of software allows users to structure, design and review the system levels of organizations well.

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Background and aim: Four text mining methods are examined and focused on understanding and identifying their properties and limitations in subject discovery.
Methodology: The study is an analytical review of the literature of text mining and topic modeling. 
Findings: LSA could be used to classify specific and unique topics in documents that address only a single topic. The other three text mining methods focus on topics and general partiality of the text. PLSA is applicable to documents dealing with a topic, unlike the LSA, it is used to discover general themes and contexts. However, LDA is more applicable to documents that address several issues. The CTM, method can be used to identify relationship between different subject categories.
Conclusion: Text mining tactics are suitable for employing analysis in discovering and extracting the text subjects.

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Objective: The aim is to discover the underlying context components of IOT usability in Iranian libraries: A qualitative approach consistent with grounded theory.
Method: This qualitative study was conducted based on grounded theory. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 13 faculty members of knowledge and information science based on purposeful and chain methods. Responsive and inter-docking method (repeatability index) had been used for validity and reliability.
Findings: By reviewing the texts and propositions obtained from the interviews, 7 basic components of IoT usability in Iranian libraries were identified from 36 categories and concepts. These include communication and exchange of information, awareness and cognition, intelligences, Information findability, information literacy, self-reliance and automating, and structures and infrastructures.
Conclusion: The identified underlying components provide a suitable platform for the rule and realization of the main phenomenon of IoT usability in Iranian libraries. Based on the results, the paradigm and theoretical model of IoT usability is drawn and presented in Iranian libraries. By identifying the underlying components and their relationship in the theoretical model and based on the attitudes of interviewees in Iranian libraries, libraries could use it to establish and implement IoT.

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Purpose: Growing development of technologies helped stronger customers with better relationship with companies. Consequently, marketers should pursue new ways of attracting customers and pathway. Modern customer buying path in the age of communication has been redesigned as 5A model (Aware, Appeal, Ask, Act, Advocate). The purpose is to identify customer opportunities of 5A model in tourism industry.
Methodology: The method is applied exploratory research. Population includes online tickets buyers of tours in Tehran province between February 2016 to August 2017. Sample consist of 12 targeted individuals selected to achieve theoretical saturation. Research data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using contextual analysis.
Results: Interview analysis identified, 35 indicators and 17 concepts in the form of 5 main categories: 1) Awareness, includes the concepts of word of mouth - recommendations, advertising - social media, environmental, mass media and SEO improvement; 2) Attraction includes the concepts of planned and expected positioning, the use of logical attractions, and marketing communications - persuasive advertising; 3) Question, includes the concepts of strengthening the customer relationship center, social group marketing, content marketing and social media marketing. Action categories, concepts of facilitating the purchase of brands through mobile applications (applications), ease of electronic payment through the payment gateway, offering different options from other brands and the integration of offline and online channels through Includes smartphone. The category of support includes the concepts of customer care programs, loyalty programs, including the provision of rewards and privileges, and the management of social customer relations (creating and stimulating dialogue between customers to solve their problems).
Conclusion: Opportunities in each of the stages of the 5A model in the tourism industry were identified. It is safe to say that companies using these opportunities could generate solutions where customers become aware of brands, be attracted to them, their questions are answered, buy brands' and services, and finally support brands and become their advertisers.  Foremost opportunities of 5A model offers include: Friends suggestions, attractive site design, inclusive company website, e- payment portal, a message system. 

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Purpose: The purpose is to classify the components of SERVQUAL services quality in public libraries based on Kano's customer satisfaction model, prioritize them based on the Asymmetric Impact‌-Performance Analysis and, determining the classification of SERVQUAL components according to users’ groups.
Methodology: This is an applied descriptive survey. Population included active members aged 15 and older in the five public libraries of Qaemshahr, Iran.  Stratified random sampling was used. Instruments included customer satisfaction and SERVQUAL questionnaires.  Multiple regression analysis conducted, creating two Dummy Variables of penalty and reward. SERVQUAL components were classified into three groups of: Basic, performance and excitement services. Asymmetric Impact‌-Performance Analysis on overall users’ satisfaction was   calculated.
Findings: Shows that accountability features of the group of basic services with high-performance, characteristics of responsiveness in the group of performance services with low-performance, and the three characteristics of physical dimensions with low performance, reliability and empathy, and attention with high-performance are in the group of excitement services. Prioritization features identified increasing and maintaining level of performance of: 1) responsiveness; 2) physical dimension; 3) responsibility; 4) reliability; and 5) empathy and attention.  Moreover, demographic features exhibited that women were more satisfied. Age, education, and history of using the library has increased users' satisfaction. With the surge of the level of users' satisfaction with the physical dimensions and reliability has increased then the level of satisfaction with empathy and attention has decreased.
Conclusion: This study was first to enter the literature of nonlinear analysis of users' satisfaction by Kano's model and Asymmetric Impact‌-Performance Analysis measuring service quality of public libraries. Nonlinear analysis enabled the determination of priority of actions based on positive/negative performance compared to linear regression coefficient. Also, disclosed the variation of level of satisfaction of diverse groups of users in terms of gender, age, education and history of use.

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Background and Objective: The study aims to develop and validate a model for analyzing the textual feedback of users in social networks in the face of environmental events and actions with emphasis on identifying the factors affecting the presentation of text messages by users in social networks.
Research Methodology: Heuristic mixed method has been used. In the first stage, the meta-combined method was applied with a qualitative basis. In the second stage, to inspect, validate the identified factors and prepare the final research model, the survey method via questionnaire and forming conveyor group was combined. Population consisted of: 1) Selection and analysis of written documents related to the analysis of textual feedback and users' feelings, including 60 articles and works based on valid criteria from among 198 articles and works; 2) Experts in  information technology, sociology, behaviorism, etc., which 15 people were selected, but as a result and limitations of the corona pandemic comments and suggestions were remotely submitted.
Results: Using the seven steps of meta-combination, a conceptual pattern was obtained in six conceptual layers, categories and codes. In each layer, concepts and topics were included, and to end 27 components were identified. For qualitative validation, the obtained model was found based on the opinions of experts in the form of focus groups and the conceptual model was approved by the research experts.
Conclusion: The conceptual model - obtained from the hybrid stages and focus groups – which has been approved and accepted by experts could be used as a basis for future research to guide, and direct the behavior of users in social  networking in order to provide strategies and executive policies for officials and decision makers in relevant organizations and institutions.

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Background and Aim: The aim is to provide an appropriate patients informative model of self-care for the medical information system of the country.
Methodology: This is an applied survey research. Through Cochran's formula sample of 356 individuals were selected from the population of 5,000 individuals. Khajeh Ali (et al., 2020) Qualitative Standard Research Questionnaire (with 2 dimensions, 14 components and 92 questions) was used.
Findings: It was revealed that all parameters of the self-care informing factor analysis model of patients in the medical informing system are significant at 95% confidence level and the model has a good fit. Also, care of medical services has a weight of 0.422, the correction component is 0.924 and behavioral care is 0.417. Meanwhile, 0.92 for the component of participation in care, 0.897 for prevention, for the component of personal cares, 0.482, and 0.448 for the component of satisfaction, 0.502 for the component of environmental cares and 0.852 for health have been acquired. Regarding the information dimension, 0.907 for science and knowledge component, 0.852 for processing, 0.887 for news distribution, and 0.798 for knowledge have been acquired. In addition, for the dimensions of information and self-care, weights of 0.69 and 0.77 were obtained, respectively.
Conclusion: Chronic care is the duty of the primary care team with physicians giving extensive part of their time. Since patient care occurs in service delivery units - part of health system and of a larger community – ensuing participatory care. Information behavior research is to help science professionals to be knowledgeable about the information needs of their target community to make the required planning to offer information resources for patient self-care of the country. Obtained model could bring promising result in the medical information system.

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Introduction: Study evaluated the internal structure of Ellis information seeking model in the student community with the aim of presenting the Persian norm.
Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study conducted by cross-sectional survey method in the second semester of the academic year 1399-1400. Population comprise of 280 graduate students at Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Data collection tool is a questionnaire based on Ellis information seeking behavior pattern with 41 questions. Findings were analyzed using SPSS software and Amos.
Results: Results of exploratory factor analysis by principal component method with Varimax cycle led to identify five factors of identification, confirmation and organization; Monitoring, conservation and extraction; Relevance; Availability and up-to-datedness and credit factor. The extracted five-factor pattern explains more than 66% of the changes in information seeking behavior. The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicate the optimal fit of the extracted pattern. All factors had good consistency and Cronbach's total alpha of the instrument was 0.97.
Conclusion: The five-factor pattern of web-based information retrieval behavior is a new self-report tool for assessing the nature of academic user retrieval behavior on the Web. This pattern is based on Ellis's information pattern in terms of content and items used, but it differs from it in terms of subscale.
 

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Purpose: This study investigates the automatic keyword extraction from the table of contents of Persian e-books in the field of science using LDA topic modeling, evaluating their similarity with the golden standard, and users' viewpoints of the model keywords.
Methodology: This is mixed text-mining research in which LDA topic modeling is used to extract keywords from the table of contents of scientific e-books. The evaluation of the used approach has been done by two methods of cosine similarity computing and qualitative evaluation by users.
Findings: Table of contents are medium-length texts with a trimmed mean of 260.02 words, about 20% of which are stop-words. The cosine similarity between the golden standard keywords and the output keywords is 0.0932 thus very low. The full agreement of users showed that the extracted keywords with the LDA topic model represent the subject field of the whole corpus, but the golden standard keywords, the keywords extracted using the LDA topic model in sub-domains of the corpus, and the keywords extracted from the whole corpus were respectively successful in subject describing of each document.
Conclusion: The keywords extracted using the LDA topic model can be used in unspecified and unknown collections to extract hidden thematic content of the whole collection, but not to accurately relate each topic to each document in large and heterogeneous themes. In collections of texts in one subject field, such as mathematics or physics, etc., with less diversity and more uniformity in terms of the words used in them, more coherent and relevant keywords are obtained, but in these cases, the control of the relevance of keywords to each document is required. In formal subject analysis procedures and processes of individual documents, this approach can be used as a keyword suggestion system for indexing and analytical workforce.
 

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Purpose: Information counselors have different tasks depending on the different roles they can take on in libraries or other organizations. These tasks are based on the needs of the organization and, of course, current developments, especially in the field of emerging technologies. The first task of an information consultant in an organization can be to help determine the policies and information needs of that organization. The purpose of this study is to determine the model of desirable job competencies for holding an information consulting job in Iran.
Methodology: This research was applied in the fall and winter of 2019 using thematic analysis and Delphi analysis methods. The research community in the first part includes texts in the field of information consulting and two parts of Delphi include experts and experienced people in the field of information consulting. In this research, a coding list and two questionnaires for Delphi panels have been used as data collection tools. SPSS software was also used for data analysis.

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