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Professor Saleh Rahimi, Ms Fatemeh Rahimi, Samira Daniali,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Purpose: Due to increasing the amount of information and the importance of applying images in various fields, the significance of visual literacy is obvious and research showed that visual literacy has a positive effect on learning. So, the purpose of this study was to determine the importance of visual literacy and to identify the necessity of its use in education and learning, as well as to dictate the components of visual literacy to improve learning.
Methodology: Using the library method and utilizing descriptive research method, the literature in the field of visual literacy has been reviewed
Findings: Visual literacy is typically considered as an ability to evaluate, analyze and interpret the meanings of images and their use, also as a main concept is contemplated.
Conclusion: Visual literacy standards help us study, analyze, understand, and recognize visual elements based on a reasonable and pre-defined framework. It makes people benefit more appropriately from information resources in the form of symbols and images. The concept of visual literacy is evolving and requires more advanced tools. Therefore, students must be acquainted with the tools of this technique.
Methodology: Using the library method and utilizing descriptive research method, the literature in the field of visual literacy has been reviewed
Findings: Visual literacy is typically considered as an ability to evaluate, analyze and interpret the meanings of images and their use, also as a main concept is contemplated.
Conclusion: Visual literacy standards help us study, analyze, understand, and recognize visual elements based on a reasonable and pre-defined framework. It makes people benefit more appropriately from information resources in the form of symbols and images. The concept of visual literacy is evolving and requires more advanced tools. Therefore, students must be acquainted with the tools of this technique.
Nosrat Riahinia, Farzaneh Shadanpour, Keyvan Borna, Gholam Ali Montazer,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigates the automatic keyword extraction from the table of contents of Persian e-books in the field of science using LDA topic modeling, evaluating their similarity with the golden standard, and users' viewpoints of the model keywords.
Methodology: This is mixed text-mining research in which LDA topic modeling is used to extract keywords from the table of contents of scientific e-books. The evaluation of the used approach has been done by two methods of cosine similarity computing and qualitative evaluation by users.
Findings: Table of contents are medium-length texts with a trimmed mean of 260.02 words, about 20% of which are stop-words. The cosine similarity between the golden standard keywords and the output keywords is 0.0932 thus very low. The full agreement of users showed that the extracted keywords with the LDA topic model represent the subject field of the whole corpus, but the golden standard keywords, the keywords extracted using the LDA topic model in sub-domains of the corpus, and the keywords extracted from the whole corpus were respectively successful in subject describing of each document.
Conclusion: The keywords extracted using the LDA topic model can be used in unspecified and unknown collections to extract hidden thematic content of the whole collection, but not to accurately relate each topic to each document in large and heterogeneous themes. In collections of texts in one subject field, such as mathematics or physics, etc., with less diversity and more uniformity in terms of the words used in them, more coherent and relevant keywords are obtained, but in these cases, the control of the relevance of keywords to each document is required. In formal subject analysis procedures and processes of individual documents, this approach can be used as a keyword suggestion system for indexing and analytical workforce.
Mrs Khatoon Vakili,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of increasing positive mood and academic-emotional, behavioral and cognitive enthusiasm on the decision-making power in interacting with information in technical engineering male students of Noushirani University.
Methodology: The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical sample in this study is 70 available samples from Noushirani technical engineering male students in the academic year 2019-1400. The sampling method in this research is simple random. To determine the sample size in this research, the Kargesi Morgan table was used. To collect data, the questionnaire of effective factors in increasing positive mood and the academic enthusiasm scale - behavioral, emotional, and cognitive enthusiasm and the decision-making power questionnaire were used. Data analysis was done using software (PLS).
Findings: The results indicated that the effect of positive mood on decision-making power had a significant value of 7.743, which is significant at the 95% confidence level. The effect of academic enthusiasm on decision-making power has a significant value of 8.579, which is significant at the 95% confidence level, so the researcher's claim is confirmed with a probability of 95%. Also, all three components of this variable, including behavioral passion-emotional passion, and cognitive passion, have had a positive and significant impact on decision-making power at the 95% confidence level. Based on this, it can be said that the two variables of academic enthusiasm and positive mood together affect decision-making power by 86.9%.
Conclusion: All three components of academic enthusiasm, including behavioral enthusiasm, emotional enthusiasm, and cognitive enthusiasm, had an impact on decision-making power. Also, a positive mood has a positive effect on decision-making power.
Masoud Samadzadeh, Hassan Givarian, Mohammadreza Rabiee Mondjin, Gholamreza Hashemzadeh Khorasgani,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Purpose: This research has been done to investigate relationships in information technology outsourcing in strategic policy with an interactive approach at Islamic Azad University.
Methodology: The present research is in terms of the library-field environment, in terms of practical purpose, in terms of the time of cross-sectional data collection, in terms of the descriptive-survey research implementation method, and is correlational and causal. The statistical community of the research in the qualitative part includes 16 professors, managers, and senior experts in the field of information technology as well as professors, managers, and senior experts in the field of investment and development of Islamic Azad University and the quantitative part it includes all employees, managers and senior experts in the field of information technology and The Vice President of Development and Investment of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran was 260 people, which was calculated based on the Cochran formula, the sample size was 155 people. A simple random method was used to select the samples. Structured interview tools and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect data. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.733.
Findings: The research findings showed that There is a positive and meaningful relationship between IT system performance, system support services, information technology, information technology application gap, strategic importance, organization and project characteristics, and supplier and project characteristics.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be said that IT outsourcing can increase organizational effectiveness, provide better services and reduce costs.
Methodology: The present research is in terms of the library-field environment, in terms of practical purpose, in terms of the time of cross-sectional data collection, in terms of the descriptive-survey research implementation method, and is correlational and causal. The statistical community of the research in the qualitative part includes 16 professors, managers, and senior experts in the field of information technology as well as professors, managers, and senior experts in the field of investment and development of Islamic Azad University and the quantitative part it includes all employees, managers and senior experts in the field of information technology and The Vice President of Development and Investment of the Islamic Azad University of Tehran was 260 people, which was calculated based on the Cochran formula, the sample size was 155 people. A simple random method was used to select the samples. Structured interview tools and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect data. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.733.
Findings: The research findings showed that There is a positive and meaningful relationship between IT system performance, system support services, information technology, information technology application gap, strategic importance, organization and project characteristics, and supplier and project characteristics.
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it can be said that IT outsourcing can increase organizational effectiveness, provide better services and reduce costs.
Fereshteh Kamran Toroghy, Dr Azam Sanatjoo, Dr Masoumeh Tajfari,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the current study is to create and validate the information literacy experience questionnaire in the workplace with an emphasis on activity theory.
Methodology: This study is a functional approach and a survey method was used. The current research is quantitative research that was conducted with the tool design approach. In this research, to investigate the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire, the stratified random sample method of 86 employees of different educational groups of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad In 2020-2021 was used. Also, questionnaire construction methods such as content and face validity and confirmatory factor analysis were used to check to construct validity. To check internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was used. In this research, smart pls and SPSS statistical software were used to analyze the data.
Findings: The content and face validity index of the scale obtained the desired value. Also, the value of statistics in all cases is greater than 1.96, and in the factor loading, all factors were confirmed with a suitable level of explanation in the factor analysis (greater than 0.4). Cronbach's alpha for all factors was an acceptable value of 0.7 to 0.9.
Conclusion: The results indicate the influence of information literacy experience factors according to activity theory. The scale designed to study the experience of information literacy in the workplace according to the factors of activity theory is considered appropriate. It is recommended to measure the new concept of information literacy, that is, the experience of information literacy that deals with activity theory.
Zahra Alimoradi, Mohammad Zerehsaz, Ali Azimi,
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Volume 9, Issue 3 (10-2022)
Abstract
Purpose: Information counselors have different tasks depending on the different roles they can take on in libraries or other organizations. These tasks are based on the needs of the organization and, of course, current developments, especially in the field of emerging technologies. The first task of an information consultant in an organization can be to help determine the policies and information needs of that organization. The purpose of this study is to determine the model of desirable job competencies for holding an information consulting job in Iran.
Methodology: This research was applied in the fall and winter of 2019 using thematic analysis and Delphi analysis methods. The research community in the first part includes texts in the field of information consulting and two parts of Delphi include experts and experienced people in the field of information consulting. In this research, a coding list and two questionnaires for Delphi panels have been used as data collection tools. SPSS software was also used for data analysis.
Findings: Findings showed an increase in the score of all types of individual competencies, knowledge, and skills at the advanced level compared to the basic level. Moreover, the average merit scores in both levels were higher than the average level. This finding indicates that despite the high importance of all competencies at both professional levels, the importance of many competencies is higher at the advanced level, where more complex responsibilities are envisaged for IT consultants.
Conclusion: In the research model, the types of individual competencies, knowledge, and skills required at both the basic and advanced professional levels are introduced. It should be noted that providing specialized training to job applicants such as information counseling can strengthen their desirable job competencies. Therefore, when starting to work in professions such as intelligence consulting, applicants should have an acceptable level of competence and experience the additional training, knowledge, and skills needed to take on higher and more complex levels of responsibilities
Conclusion: In the research model, the types of individual competencies, knowledge, and skills required at both the basic and advanced professional levels are introduced. It should be noted that providing specialized training to job applicants such as information counseling can strengthen their desirable job competencies. Therefore, when starting to work in professions such as intelligence consulting, applicants should have an acceptable level of competence and experience the additional training, knowledge, and skills needed to take on higher and more complex levels of responsibilities
Mazhar Babaee, Hedyeh Azagh, Shima Yazdanpanah,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Information literacy is the ability to identify and critically evaluate information to solve problems in a specific field. The use of this procedure in the environment of universities and for students depends on their awareness of the many angles of information measurement in this field.
Methods: this study was to investigate the information literacy status of students and teachers of the Farhangian University of Kurdistan Province From six perspectives: information review, information source recognition, information dissemination, information recognition, flexibility, and information search. This research is practical and of a survey type and was carried out between January and March 2022. The study population consisted of all students of Farhangian University of Kurdistan Province in the academic year 2021-2022, which numbered over 1500 people. Using random sampling, 350 student-teachers were selected as a statistical sample. The data collection tool was a researcher-made 66-item information literacy questionnaire based on a 3-point Likert scale. The reliability of the questionnaire was 86% using Cronbach's alpha method. And for its validity, the views of university professors were used. Multivariate analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson torque correlation coefficient test was used to analyze the data using SPSS software.
Results: The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the components of information literacy of male and female student teachers (P = 0.0001). Therefore, in this study, gender has a small effect on the components of information literacy. Also, there is no significant difference between information literacy in its 6 components and the different educational disciplines of Farhangian University (P> 0.05). Finally, there is no significant relationship between information literacy in its 6 components and the age of Farhangian University students and teachers. Therefore, the information literacy situation of the students of the Farhangian University of Kurdistan is at an Intermediate level.
Conclusion: Information literacy is the set of skills and qualifications needed in the information society for teachers, therefore, by considering factors such as review, knowledge of sources, dissemination, recognition, flexibility, and search for information, it can be enriched. Building information literacy skills.
Dr Mohammad Reza Shekari, Dr Mohammad Hassan Zadeh,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: A thorough understanding of the drivers and inhabitants to the study can provide the basis for effective planning to improve the study. The aim of this study was to investigate the driving and inhibitory factors affecting the tendency of Iranian knowledge and information science PhD students towards study.
Methods: This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and using content analysis method. The data collection tool was an in-depth semi-structured interview. The interviews were conducted through face-to-face visits, telephone calls, e-mails, sending and receiving audio files and conversations on social media. PhD students in knowledge and information science at state universities, Payame-Nour Universities, and Islamic Azad Universities form the research community, and 33 people were selected as the research sample using targeted sampling.
Results: The results show that four factors of "professor", "compulsion", "personal promotion" and "interest" were the driving factors among doctoral students and seven factors were "professor", "family". "Access problems", "ambiguous future", "problems and weaknesses of the educational system", "growth of the spirit of need to study" and "non-participation in teaching" have been identified as deterrents factors.
Conclusion: The drivers and inhabitants of the study are very intertwined and interrelated. Some of these factors affect others and are in some way the cause and effect of each other. To strengthen effective factors and reduce barriers to study, it requires more effort from professors and programmers at the macro level, libraries and librarians, politicians, and more effort and planning from doctoral students themselves. It is necessary for the education system and the education system in universities to get out of the monolithic system and to be the speaker of unity. In this way, students are less likely to study and research until there are fundamental changes in teaching methods and curriculum content in the education system. For the first time, this study examines the most important factors and barriers to the advancement of PhD students in information science, and the results provide qualitative factors for the context of the research community. And it can be used in planning and policy making for the doctoral program of the field. Since no research has been done in this field so far, the present study can be considered as a new research in this field.
Dr Zivar Sabaghinejad, Mr Reza Poorsavari, Dr Amin Koraei,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: The present study was conducted by explaining the internal norm of Davis's technology acceptance model in online health information search among Iranian students to provide a local model.
Methods: The current research is descriptive and was carried out using a survey method. The research community is the students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences at all levels of study. A sample of 358 people voluntarily participated in the research by stratified random sampling. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 20 questions, which after validation, Cronbach's alpha was 0/933 Obtained. The findings were analyzed with SPSS and AMOS software and using descriptive statistical tests, exploratory factor analysis, and other related tests.
Results: The findings of the exploratory factor analysis led to a four-factor model regarding students' online search for health information. The first factor: is the user's intention to search for health information online, the second factor: is the usefulness of using the Internet to receive health information, the third factor: is the ease of using the Internet to receive health information, and the fourth factor is the user's attitude towards the online search for health information. These four factors explain 66.983% of the changes related to the online search of health information among students.
Conclusion: The findings of the research indicate the approval of the Davis technology acceptance model for use in research in the field of health information among Iranian students. Therefore, it can be used in other research in this field among students with the assurance of confirming the internal norm.
Methods: The current research is descriptive and was carried out using a survey method. The research community is the students of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences at all levels of study. A sample of 358 people voluntarily participated in the research by stratified random sampling. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with 20 questions, which after validation, Cronbach's alpha was 0/933 Obtained. The findings were analyzed with SPSS and AMOS software and using descriptive statistical tests, exploratory factor analysis, and other related tests.
Results: The findings of the exploratory factor analysis led to a four-factor model regarding students' online search for health information. The first factor: is the user's intention to search for health information online, the second factor: is the usefulness of using the Internet to receive health information, the third factor: is the ease of using the Internet to receive health information, and the fourth factor is the user's attitude towards the online search for health information. These four factors explain 66.983% of the changes related to the online search of health information among students.
Conclusion: The findings of the research indicate the approval of the Davis technology acceptance model for use in research in the field of health information among Iranian students. Therefore, it can be used in other research in this field among students with the assurance of confirming the internal norm.
Mojtaba Mazoochi, Dr Leila Rabiei, Dr Mohammad Moradi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: Errors in data collection and failure to pay attention to data that is noisy in the collection process for any reason cause problems in data-based analysis and, as a result, wrong decision-making. Therefore, solving the problem of missing or noisy data before processing and analysis is of vital importance in analytical systems. The purpose of this paper is to provide a method to identify noisy data, outliers, and missing data and provide a suitable solution for these data.
Methods: This study is applied research. Data mining techniques including binning smoothing and regression models have been used to identify and replace outlier and noisy data.
Results: The results of the tests performed in the real environment related to the data of social networks show the proper performance of the proposed method. It has also been shown that the proposed method has higher accuracy compared to the methods of binning smoothing, average and linear regression. So that for the data related to the tweet section, the mean squared error obtained for the proposed method was equal to 0.04, the binning smoothing method was equal to 0.38, the linear regression method was equal to 0.05 and the average method was equal to 0.06.
Conclusion: The method presented in this article can initially identify outlier data through one-third and two-thirds normal, and then replace the outlier data with a linear regression model, which results in improving the performance of using and processing information and improving human-information interaction
Methods: This study is applied research. Data mining techniques including binning smoothing and regression models have been used to identify and replace outlier and noisy data.
Results: The results of the tests performed in the real environment related to the data of social networks show the proper performance of the proposed method. It has also been shown that the proposed method has higher accuracy compared to the methods of binning smoothing, average and linear regression. So that for the data related to the tweet section, the mean squared error obtained for the proposed method was equal to 0.04, the binning smoothing method was equal to 0.38, the linear regression method was equal to 0.05 and the average method was equal to 0.06.
Conclusion: The method presented in this article can initially identify outlier data through one-third and two-thirds normal, and then replace the outlier data with a linear regression model, which results in improving the performance of using and processing information and improving human-information interaction
Dr. Amir Hossein Seddighi,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Abstract
Purpose: As mission-oriented organizations, research institutes have the task of answering community questions in specialized areas, and should therefore be able to effectively present their outputs to their target users. Achieving such a goal requires the proper use of information architecture principles to properly organize the information platform in which the research institutes interact with their audiences. Therefore, reviewing and evaluating the information architecture of Research Institutes’ websites as their main communication platform with their users is of particular importance. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology’s website based on information architecture.
Methodology: The research method is based on content analysis and case evaluation and is done using direct observations and checklists in March 2022. In this regard, first the components of the information environment, ie the context, content, and user of the website are identified. Then, we check the information architecture subsystems of the website using checklists based on the components of the information environment. The organization system checklist contains 14 main questions, the labeling system checklist contains 32 main questions, the navigation system checklist contains 20 main questions, and finally, the search system checklist contains 41 main questions. The checklists were prepared using the library research method and approved by an expert panel. Excel software is used to collect and analyze data.
Findings: Users of the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology’s website can be categorized into four groups: researchers and students, science and technology policymakers, librarians and informants, and educational and research institutions. The main content of this website includes reports, books, articles, research projects, information systems, scientific events, training courses, laboratories, and collaborative services. The context of the website is based on service development and delivery in the areas of knowledge management, scientific and technological information management, dissemination of information science and technology, supporting science and technology policymakers, Publicizing the use of information technology, cooperating with universities and research institutes, and supporting research in the field of information science and technology. The results of the checklists indicate the score of this website for the organization system, the labeling system, the navigation system, and the search system as 67.6%, 68.4%, 65.4%, and 34.8%, respectively.
Conclusion: The status of the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology’s website is assessed as good in terms of the organization system, the labeling system, and the navigation system, and poor in terms of the search system. The use of an audience-oriented organization plan in the website organization system, the use of index labels in the form of unique entities in the website labeling system, and the use of a main navigation bar with an integrated and similar design in the website navigation system are among the strengths of the website information architecture design. On the other hand, according to the research findings, to improve the search system, it is necessary to pay attention to features such as “correcting spelling errors in the input query”, “highlighting the input query in the retrieved results”, “adding logical operators to the search system”, “searching metadata”, “sorting results in alphabetical and chronological order”, and “adding search filters such as subject and year”.
Methodology: The research method is based on content analysis and case evaluation and is done using direct observations and checklists in March 2022. In this regard, first the components of the information environment, ie the context, content, and user of the website are identified. Then, we check the information architecture subsystems of the website using checklists based on the components of the information environment. The organization system checklist contains 14 main questions, the labeling system checklist contains 32 main questions, the navigation system checklist contains 20 main questions, and finally, the search system checklist contains 41 main questions. The checklists were prepared using the library research method and approved by an expert panel. Excel software is used to collect and analyze data.
Findings: Users of the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology’s website can be categorized into four groups: researchers and students, science and technology policymakers, librarians and informants, and educational and research institutions. The main content of this website includes reports, books, articles, research projects, information systems, scientific events, training courses, laboratories, and collaborative services. The context of the website is based on service development and delivery in the areas of knowledge management, scientific and technological information management, dissemination of information science and technology, supporting science and technology policymakers, Publicizing the use of information technology, cooperating with universities and research institutes, and supporting research in the field of information science and technology. The results of the checklists indicate the score of this website for the organization system, the labeling system, the navigation system, and the search system as 67.6%, 68.4%, 65.4%, and 34.8%, respectively.
Conclusion: The status of the Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology’s website is assessed as good in terms of the organization system, the labeling system, and the navigation system, and poor in terms of the search system. The use of an audience-oriented organization plan in the website organization system, the use of index labels in the form of unique entities in the website labeling system, and the use of a main navigation bar with an integrated and similar design in the website navigation system are among the strengths of the website information architecture design. On the other hand, according to the research findings, to improve the search system, it is necessary to pay attention to features such as “correcting spelling errors in the input query”, “highlighting the input query in the retrieved results”, “adding logical operators to the search system”, “searching metadata”, “sorting results in alphabetical and chronological order”, and “adding search filters such as subject and year”.
Abdol Mutalib Abdullah, Somayeh Mokhtari, Farhad Navaee,
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Volume 9, Issue 4 (1-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: plagiarism is one of the new phenomena in the academic environment in Iran, which includes different dimensions and types. So, its recognition and rooting are the problems of this research. Therefore, the main goal of the current research is to investigate the context and institutional and individual factors affecting the formation of plagiarism in Iran and provide policy solutions by decision-makers.
Methods: The current research method is descriptive qualitative. The statistical population of the research includes 15 university experts who were selected by judgment and snowball method. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire, which was completed during three stages (in a round-trip way) of indexing using the Delphi technique, and the validation of the conceptual model of the research was done using experts' opinions.
Results: The findings of the research showed that the factors affecting the occurrence of plagiarism in universities in Iran include two categories of individual and systemic components and 21 indicators related to these components. Individual factors related to the inherent personality characteristics of students such as lack of ideas, inability to manage time, lack of guilt, lack of some skills, and also some deficiencies in professors such as insufficient knowledge, lack of motivation among students, etc. Systemic or institutional factors are mostly due to incomplete and insufficient laws of universities, inappropriate training of these centers, and lack of attention to plagiarism and plagiarism.
Conclusion: In the end, based on both individual and systemic effective components, practical solutions have been presented to deal with plagiarism in universities.
Methods: The current research method is descriptive qualitative. The statistical population of the research includes 15 university experts who were selected by judgment and snowball method. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire, which was completed during three stages (in a round-trip way) of indexing using the Delphi technique, and the validation of the conceptual model of the research was done using experts' opinions.
Results: The findings of the research showed that the factors affecting the occurrence of plagiarism in universities in Iran include two categories of individual and systemic components and 21 indicators related to these components. Individual factors related to the inherent personality characteristics of students such as lack of ideas, inability to manage time, lack of guilt, lack of some skills, and also some deficiencies in professors such as insufficient knowledge, lack of motivation among students, etc. Systemic or institutional factors are mostly due to incomplete and insufficient laws of universities, inappropriate training of these centers, and lack of attention to plagiarism and plagiarism.
Conclusion: In the end, based on both individual and systemic effective components, practical solutions have been presented to deal with plagiarism in universities.
Mansour Torkiantabar,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Abstract
Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the organizational learning process of university library librarians based on the Marquardt model.
Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey method. The statistical population includes 552 librarians at the libraries of the Islamic Azad University. The sample size was estimated to be 227 people using the Krejcie Morgan table. To collect the required data for the research, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the five components of learning organization based on the Marquardt model (learning dynamics, organizational transformation, empowerment of individuals, knowledge management, and application of technology). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS26 statistical software and statistical formulas of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cronbach's alpha, and t-test.
Findings: The results showed that organizational learning in the libraries of Islamic Azad University has a favorable situation and this situation for all five components (learning dynamics, organizational change, empowerment, knowledge management, and technology application) Was also approved.
Conclusion: Although the results of this study indicate the favorable situation of organizational learning in the libraries of Islamic Azad University, the continuation of this type of learning due to the many changes and developments that we see in the world today for all organizations, especially types Libraries are a basic necessity.
Methodology: This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey method. The statistical population includes 552 librarians at the libraries of the Islamic Azad University. The sample size was estimated to be 227 people using the Krejcie Morgan table. To collect the required data for the research, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the five components of learning organization based on the Marquardt model (learning dynamics, organizational transformation, empowerment of individuals, knowledge management, and application of technology). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS26 statistical software and statistical formulas of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Cronbach's alpha, and t-test.
Findings: The results showed that organizational learning in the libraries of Islamic Azad University has a favorable situation and this situation for all five components (learning dynamics, organizational change, empowerment, knowledge management, and technology application) Was also approved.
Conclusion: Although the results of this study indicate the favorable situation of organizational learning in the libraries of Islamic Azad University, the continuation of this type of learning due to the many changes and developments that we see in the world today for all organizations, especially types Libraries are a basic necessity.
Mahmmoud Ahmadisharif,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Abstract
Purpose: This study was conducted to know the relationship between monitoring the relationship between information literacy components of marketing experts in manufacturing industries with their success rate in marketing and their success rate in marketing.
Methodology: The research method is a descriptive survey of correlation type. The statistical population of the study is all marketing experts of food production industries in Tehran, due to the size of the statistical population, 384 of them were selected as a sample. Katz and McLean's (2007) ICT questionnaire was used to collect information related to information literacy and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure the success of experts in marketing. Overall reliability of the Information Literacy Questionnaire based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient formula / 78. And the reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire was estimated to be 0.72.
Findings: Pearson's formula was used to analyze the data in the inferential statistics section on the correlation coefficient and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that there is a relationship between ICT literacy and each of its dimensions (describing, achieving, evaluating, managing, combining, creating, and communicating) with the success of experts in marketing. has it.
Methodology: The research method is a descriptive survey of correlation type. The statistical population of the study is all marketing experts of food production industries in Tehran, due to the size of the statistical population, 384 of them were selected as a sample. Katz and McLean's (2007) ICT questionnaire was used to collect information related to information literacy and a researcher-made questionnaire was used to measure the success of experts in marketing. Overall reliability of the Information Literacy Questionnaire based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient formula / 78. And the reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire was estimated to be 0.72.
Findings: Pearson's formula was used to analyze the data in the inferential statistics section on the correlation coefficient and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the normality of the data.
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that there is a relationship between ICT literacy and each of its dimensions (describing, achieving, evaluating, managing, combining, creating, and communicating) with the success of experts in marketing. has it.
The Role of Communication Apprehension and expression of the true self in Using Instagram and Selfie
Mahmoud Pouyanfar, Dr Mohammadreza Kiani, Dr Mohammadjavad Hashemzadeh,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Abstract
purpose: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the Expression of the True Self in the use of Instagram and selfies.
Methodology: This correlational study used 4 questionnaires "Communication Apprehension", "Authenticity Inventory Scales", "Instagram Use" and "Taking a Selfie" (online) in a random sample of undergraduate students at the University of Birjand (357 participants).
Findings: Communication Apprehension and selfie use were higher in women than men, but the age of the participants had no role in the variables. Instagram Use was above average and sending selfies and edited selfies was below average. With the increase of most of the studied psychological variables, the use of Instagram, selfies, and edited selfies increased. However, with the increase in communication Apprehension, the Expression of the True Self on Instagram decreased.
Conclusion: In our study population, most people have a greater tendency to introvert and do not want to show themselves. Using Instagram may help reduce communication fears. People with high communication phobia experience more fear or anxiety in their relationships than others, so these people are more likely to avoid experiencing fear or anxiety in their relationships with others. Expression of the True Self in selfies is directly related to one's characteristics, but the expression of the True Self on Instagram is not necessarily related to one's characteristics.
Methodology: This correlational study used 4 questionnaires "Communication Apprehension", "Authenticity Inventory Scales", "Instagram Use" and "Taking a Selfie" (online) in a random sample of undergraduate students at the University of Birjand (357 participants).
Findings: Communication Apprehension and selfie use were higher in women than men, but the age of the participants had no role in the variables. Instagram Use was above average and sending selfies and edited selfies was below average. With the increase of most of the studied psychological variables, the use of Instagram, selfies, and edited selfies increased. However, with the increase in communication Apprehension, the Expression of the True Self on Instagram decreased.
Conclusion: In our study population, most people have a greater tendency to introvert and do not want to show themselves. Using Instagram may help reduce communication fears. People with high communication phobia experience more fear or anxiety in their relationships than others, so these people are more likely to avoid experiencing fear or anxiety in their relationships with others. Expression of the True Self in selfies is directly related to one's characteristics, but the expression of the True Self on Instagram is not necessarily related to one's characteristics.
Yaghoub Norouzi, Nayereh Jafarifar, Zahra Bighlari,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Abstract
purpose: The article aims to identify and prioritize indicators for evaluating the accessibility capabilities of the user interface in virtual education systems.
Methodology: In step 1, to identify the evaluation indicators from the indicators listed in ISO 9241, a localized checklist was prepared by the virtual education systems inside the country. Then, using the Fuzzy Delphi method and the opinions of experts from the higher education system of Iran in the field of accessibility of education and e-learning systems, the identified indicators were modified and finalized. In the next step, these indicators were prioritized using the BWM method from the point of view of experts, and their importance was determined.
Findings: The final framework of indicators for evaluating the accessibility capabilities of the interaction environment (user interface) of virtual education systems was compiled and prioritized in four general indicators (general guidelines and requirements, inputs, outputs, support services, help, and online documentation) and 24 sub-indices. For this purpose, LINGO software was used. Based on the findings of the research, the component "Compatibility with accessible technologies" won the first rank among all sub-indices. The component "online documentation" was ranked second and "setting accessibility levels" was ranked third. The last rank (rank 24) was awarded to "Camera".
Conclusion: There is no consensus on the standard framework for evaluating the accessibility of virtual education systems. The review of the conducted research showed that there is a research gap in the field of not comprehensively identifying and presenting a comprehensive and coherent picture to evaluate the accessibility of the interaction environment in virtual education systems and it was concluded that to improve the use of virtual education systems, identifying and prioritizing the factors It is necessary to evaluate the accessibility of virtual education systems. The innovation of this article is to provide a comprehensive framework for identifying and prioritizing the accessibility evaluation indicators of the interactive environment in virtual education systems localized for the country. The internet speed in Iran is not high and turning on the camera during virtual classes due to the high volume of the internet it consumes causes disconnection and communication between them. The statistical community of the research was aware of this fact, therefore, according to the existing conditions, they assigned the least weight to this index.
Methodology: In step 1, to identify the evaluation indicators from the indicators listed in ISO 9241, a localized checklist was prepared by the virtual education systems inside the country. Then, using the Fuzzy Delphi method and the opinions of experts from the higher education system of Iran in the field of accessibility of education and e-learning systems, the identified indicators were modified and finalized. In the next step, these indicators were prioritized using the BWM method from the point of view of experts, and their importance was determined.
Findings: The final framework of indicators for evaluating the accessibility capabilities of the interaction environment (user interface) of virtual education systems was compiled and prioritized in four general indicators (general guidelines and requirements, inputs, outputs, support services, help, and online documentation) and 24 sub-indices. For this purpose, LINGO software was used. Based on the findings of the research, the component "Compatibility with accessible technologies" won the first rank among all sub-indices. The component "online documentation" was ranked second and "setting accessibility levels" was ranked third. The last rank (rank 24) was awarded to "Camera".
Conclusion: There is no consensus on the standard framework for evaluating the accessibility of virtual education systems. The review of the conducted research showed that there is a research gap in the field of not comprehensively identifying and presenting a comprehensive and coherent picture to evaluate the accessibility of the interaction environment in virtual education systems and it was concluded that to improve the use of virtual education systems, identifying and prioritizing the factors It is necessary to evaluate the accessibility of virtual education systems. The innovation of this article is to provide a comprehensive framework for identifying and prioritizing the accessibility evaluation indicators of the interactive environment in virtual education systems localized for the country. The internet speed in Iran is not high and turning on the camera during virtual classes due to the high volume of the internet it consumes causes disconnection and communication between them. The statistical community of the research was aware of this fact, therefore, according to the existing conditions, they assigned the least weight to this index.
Mohammad Mehdi Davali, Miss Sara Poorahmadzadeh,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize the effective factors in the
implementation of the electronic document management system and its effect on client satisfaction.
Methodology: This research is of a descriptive-correlation type and with an applied nature, and considering that the identification of factors affecting the implementation of the electronic document management system was part of the research work, it can be considered as an exploratory type. The statistical sample of the research for the first questionnaire, which was selected to prioritize the dimensions and components and to use the hierarchical process analysis, was 10 people from the directors of the Hormozgan province registry. Expert choice software was used to analyze this section. The second questionnaire was designed based on a quantitative method and a five-point Likert scale and was distributed among 384 clients who referred to the civil registry of Hormozgan province. Smart PLS software was also used to analyze this section. To check the validity of the questionnaire, the method of content validity and reliability of Cronbach's alpha criterion and composite reliability were used.
Results: Based on the findings of this study, 44 factors were identified that were effective on the electronic document management system, based on content validity (CVR), 21 factors were finally approved, and these factors were included in the four main variables of performance expectation, effort expectation, social influence, and Facilitating conditions were classified. The findings related to the ranking of the main criteria show that performance expectation with a weight of 0.380 won the first rank. Then, social influence with a weight of 0.280 has taken the second place, the conditions for facilitating work with a weight of 0.220 have taken the third place, and the expectation of effort has taken the fourth place with a weight of 0.120. And finally, the effect of 3 factors of performance expectation, social influence, and facilitating conditions on client satisfaction was confirmed.
Conclusion: According to the results obtained from this study, it can be concluded that by identifying the effective factors of the electronic document management system, we will be able to provide the best foundation for the implementation of the electronic document management system in the administrative system of the country and through this Let's take an effective step in creating client satisfaction.
Soheila Shakouri Yadegari, Mirza Hassan Hosseini, Seyed Musa Khademi, Lotfollah Forouzandeh,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Abstract
purpose: consumer behavior in the field of e-commerce and web-based services has different dimensions, including psychological, cultural, economic, personality, etc. components. Since the e-commerce market is constantly growing, it creates a good development opportunity for businesses, so business opportunities should be more adapted to the characteristics and behavioral characteristics of consumers to better meet customer needs. fulfill and facilitate business success. The current research was conducted with the aim of presenting the pattern of consumer behavior in electronic commerce with an exploratory approach.
Methodology: In terms of its fundamental purpose, this research is a survey descriptive research that was conducted in a mixed exploratory manner.
Findings: The results showed that the model of consumer behavior in e-commerce includes: causal conditions, categories, platforms, intervening factors, strategies and consequences. Also, in the quantitative part, the results of the research indicated the approval of most of the components of the qualitative part of the research by the experts.
Conclusion: Examining patterns and models of consumer behavior in e-commerce is necessary for institutions, and in this regard, the results of this research model and other models presented in the field of study should be used in order to create fields for predicting consumer behavior.
Methodology: In terms of its fundamental purpose, this research is a survey descriptive research that was conducted in a mixed exploratory manner.
Findings: The results showed that the model of consumer behavior in e-commerce includes: causal conditions, categories, platforms, intervening factors, strategies and consequences. Also, in the quantitative part, the results of the research indicated the approval of most of the components of the qualitative part of the research by the experts.
Conclusion: Examining patterns and models of consumer behavior in e-commerce is necessary for institutions, and in this regard, the results of this research model and other models presented in the field of study should be used in order to create fields for predicting consumer behavior.
Ahmadreza Varnaseri, Maryam Andalib Kendri, Maryam Ghanbari, Sajjad Mohamadian,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Introduction: In daily life, human beings are constantly in the position of making simple or important decisions, so in order to make the best decision, it is inevitable to interact with information. In the present era, when the era of change from industrial society to post-industrial society or information society has been dubbed, information is considered as the most basic assets for human beings and human societies, and the foundation of information society is based on information. In other words, in today's world, a society that has superiority over other societies in terms of information is considered advanced. The growth and development of different science fields can be evaluated according to the research activities carried out in that field. The strength of these activities is the publication of scientific-research publications. The scientific value and validity of publications is undeniable at the time of publication and also after the passage of time. Therefore, knowing the position of the country's scientific research publications with their different and important functions requires great attention. The amount of scientific productions in the form of articles along with the quality of magazines and the amount of use of these resources by people in the society is one of the indicators of the scientific growth of the society. In the meantime, the scientific quarterly of human-information interaction is published by the Department of Information Science and Knowledge of Kharazmi University in cooperation with the Scientific Association for the Promotion of Public Libraries of Iran in the form of an electronic quarterly. Human and Information Interaction Journal publishes original research articles and critical review works in the field of human and information interaction, human information behavior, and related topics.
Purpose: Almost a decade has passed since the publication of research articles in the Scientific Journal of Human and Information Interaction requires that its research record be studied in order to gather and analyze the researches that have been carried out, the existing gaps in the research topics, trends. and recognized the research priorities and found the subject bias of the research done over time. to review the content of the articles in the Human and Information Interaction Quarterly.
Method: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and content analysis type. And because this research tries to describe and evaluate the content of the articles of the Human and Information Interaction Quarterly, it is of the type of content analysis. Content analysis The researcher tries to provide the necessary answer to a specific question in a coordinated action while identifying all the conducted researches and evaluating them accurately. Therefore, in this study, by analyzing the content and using a descriptive approach, the frequency of the subject under investigation is determined and a conclusion is made based on it. The statistical population of the present study includes all the scientific and research articles published in the scientific-research quarterly "Human and Information Interaction" from the spring of 2014 to the winter of 2022, which were published in 9 periods. The number of articles was 242, all of which were subjected to content analysis. The tool used was made by the Checklist researcher.
The obtained data were analyzed using Excel software. Descriptive statistics methods, such as data classification according to distribution and frequency percentage, as well as graphs and tables, have been used in data analysis. By referring to each issue of the magazine and its articles, the content analysis information includes the number of articles published in the quarterly, the number of authors by gender, the scientific rank of the authors, the field/trend, and the topics and axes of the authors' attention, Participating universities/organizations, statistical community, approach, type, level of analysis, strategy and time period of the researches were investigated. Sampling was not used and all elements of the society were investigated by census.
Findings: 242 articles have been published in the Quarterly Journal of Human and Information Interaction during 9 periods of articles, Of these, the largest number of articles were published in 2014. Thematic areas: Examining the titles of the articles and the keywords used in the collection of articles published in the studied journal showed that, in general, the articles can be categorized into 11 main topics and 165 sub-topics. The main areas are: Information management) Data management Human and information interaction, ignoring, avoiding, avoiding information, rejecting information, information search process model, information technology model, information sharing behavior, information architecture, information technology application, information and communication technology, information search process model, information literacy, poverty/ Information poverty, scientific information environment, general information environment, information realism, employment information behavior, information literacy measurement, information access, information credibility assessment, information behavior modeling, web information credibility, information culture, electronic information, information management, personal information management , information sources, information location, information system, Data management Human and information interaction, ignoring, avoiding, avoiding information, rejecting information, information search process model, information technology model, information sharing behavior, information architecture, information technology application, information and communication technology, information search process model, information literacy, poverty/ Information poverty, scientific information environment, general information environment, information realism, employment information behavior, information literacy measurement, information access, information credibility assessment, information behavior modeling, web information credibility, information culture, electronic information, information management, personal information management , information sources, information location, information system، 38%), information seeking behavior(Information seeking behavior Knowledge sharing behavior, consumer behavior, information behavior, unplanned behavior, collaborative information seeking behavior, employment information behavior, relational information seeking behavior, information seeking behavior, information seeking interaction behavior, inquiry behavior, health information seeking behavior, information seeking behavior, human information behavior , reading behavior, 23%), social network (Research Gate, Instagram, Social Media, Social Media Fatigue, Social Network, Scientific Graph Network, Network, Internet Social Network, Facebook, Social Network Analysis, Continuous Social Networks, Scientific Social Network, Online Social Network, Virtual Social Network, Big Data In social network, specialized social network, artificial neural network, selfie, social media, mobile phone based social network, 18%), research method (Research Methodology Grand theory, Koolthau model, qualitative approach, thematic analysis, semantic analysis, Meta composition, metanalysis, qualitative study, self-efficacy in qualitative research, fuzzy Delphi, database method, Delphi method, quantitative method, methodology, exploratory method, clustering, interactive content, methodology Research, methodological diversity, scientometrics, synonyms, fact-based interview, mixed approach, trend analysis, altmetrics, research problems, Ellis model, citation analysis, cybernetic revelation model, hierarchical analysis process, fuzzy method, data-based theory18%), library (16%), user (8%), retrieval (8%), information need (6%) %), information base (2%), information science and Knowledge (2%) and organization (1%) are assigned, with the largest share related to information management with 38% and the lowest share related to organization with 1%. Gender of the authors: 53% of them were men and 47% of them were women. According to the findings of the research, the most participants in writing articles are assistant professors (158), Associate Professor 119, doctorate student (114), master's student (100), doctorate (47), professor (42), unreported (20), student Bachelor's degree (12), postdoctoral degree (1).
Researchers in the field of information science and Knowledge have contributed the most in writing articles with 75%. Researchers in the field of business management (12%), educational sciences (2%), and information technology (01%) contributed more than other fields in writing articles in the journal. The most participation was by the authors of Kharazmi University; Also, Isfahan University with 27 article titles, Azad University with 25 article titles, Tehran University with 21 article titles, Beheshti University with 18 article titles, and Chamran University with 15 article titles Unreported 14 article titles, Al-Zahra University 10 article titles, Allameh Tabatabai University 10 article titles, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad 10 article titles, Tabriz University 9 article titles, Tarbiat Modares 8 article titles, Shiraz University 7 article titles, Shahid University 5 article titles, Mohaghegh Ardabili University 5 article titles respectively have contributed the most in writing articles. The population of quantitative researches was students, professors, and academics. In terms of the research approach, among the 242 published articles, 123 articles were conducted with a quantitative approach, which includes 51% of the research, and qualitative research accounted for 28%, and mixed research for 21%.
Strategy of research results: applied researches with 185 numbers have the highest percentage of 77% of the human and information interaction quarterly, and developmental and fundamental researches are in the next ranks with 32% and 25%, respectively. Also, the most applied researches, 10 titles, belong to the fourth issue of the five-year period of 2018, and the most basic researches, 5 titles, were published in the fourth issue of 2021. Research method strategy: According to the findings of the research, descriptive research with 167 titles is the highest percentage (69 percent), and correlation research 35% in the second rank and experimental research with 30 titles with 13% frequency in the rank are next. In the following, comparative and historical causal researches with 5 article titles are at the End. The level of research analysis: The findings of the research show that the level of
analysis of 78% of the articles published in the quarterly is the group level, and the individual, intersection, and organizational levels account for a total of 21% of the researches. The review of the articles shows that 64% of the researches conducted in the Scientific Quarterly of Human and Information Interaction have used primary data to conduct the research. Data collection method: Most researches have used questionnaires (74%) to collect data. The interview method is ranked next with (24%).
Conclusion: The analysis of the distribution of the gender frequency of the authors of the articles showed the difference in the role-creation of men compared to women in writing articles. In such a way that men have had a greater contribution and role in writing articles. The frequency distribution of the organizational affiliation of the authors of the articles showed that the most participation was by the authors of Kharazmi University. This indicates the fact that the researchers of Kharazmi University are more inclined to send their researches and achievements to their university journal, and naturally, this tendency increases the acceptance rate and the high percentage of participation of the researchers of this university in publishing articles. Considering that the field of organization has received less attention from researchers, besides the need to investigate the reasons for the low interest of researchers in this field in an independent research it is suggested that the editorial board and judges determine research priorities in the subject areas.
Due to the limitation of the research method used in 69% of the articles, it seems that the variety of research methods in the acceptance and publication of the journal articles should be given more attention by the reviewers, editor-in-chief, and other officials. In some informational articles, such as Society and statistical sample, the exact title of the university, organization, orientation, author's field, etc. are not mentioned, so it is suggested that the editorial board and the internal manager pay more attention. The data collection tool is a set of questionnaires and other tools are used less. Therefore, it is suggested that the editorial board and judges pay more attention to the acceptance of articles that use other tools to collect data. It is obvious that using various tools helps to increase the scientific richness of researches. Due to the unequal participation of researchers from different scientific fields in publishing articles in the quarterly journal, publishing articles in different fields with an almost equal ratio in each issue of the journal can solve this imbalance and equality. Also, the determination of research needs by the journal can lead researchers to other fields. About 77 percent of the reviewed researches were of applied type and exploratory researches had a smaller contribution; Therefore, it is suggested that the acceptance of exploratory researches should also be prioritized; Because this type of research helps to expand existing knowledge in line with research goals.
Purpose: Almost a decade has passed since the publication of research articles in the Scientific Journal of Human and Information Interaction requires that its research record be studied in order to gather and analyze the researches that have been carried out, the existing gaps in the research topics, trends. and recognized the research priorities and found the subject bias of the research done over time. to review the content of the articles in the Human and Information Interaction Quarterly.
Method: The current research is applied in terms of purpose and content analysis type. And because this research tries to describe and evaluate the content of the articles of the Human and Information Interaction Quarterly, it is of the type of content analysis. Content analysis The researcher tries to provide the necessary answer to a specific question in a coordinated action while identifying all the conducted researches and evaluating them accurately. Therefore, in this study, by analyzing the content and using a descriptive approach, the frequency of the subject under investigation is determined and a conclusion is made based on it. The statistical population of the present study includes all the scientific and research articles published in the scientific-research quarterly "Human and Information Interaction" from the spring of 2014 to the winter of 2022, which were published in 9 periods. The number of articles was 242, all of which were subjected to content analysis. The tool used was made by the Checklist researcher.
The obtained data were analyzed using Excel software. Descriptive statistics methods, such as data classification according to distribution and frequency percentage, as well as graphs and tables, have been used in data analysis. By referring to each issue of the magazine and its articles, the content analysis information includes the number of articles published in the quarterly, the number of authors by gender, the scientific rank of the authors, the field/trend, and the topics and axes of the authors' attention, Participating universities/organizations, statistical community, approach, type, level of analysis, strategy and time period of the researches were investigated. Sampling was not used and all elements of the society were investigated by census.
Findings: 242 articles have been published in the Quarterly Journal of Human and Information Interaction during 9 periods of articles, Of these, the largest number of articles were published in 2014. Thematic areas: Examining the titles of the articles and the keywords used in the collection of articles published in the studied journal showed that, in general, the articles can be categorized into 11 main topics and 165 sub-topics. The main areas are: Information management) Data management Human and information interaction, ignoring, avoiding, avoiding information, rejecting information, information search process model, information technology model, information sharing behavior, information architecture, information technology application, information and communication technology, information search process model, information literacy, poverty/ Information poverty, scientific information environment, general information environment, information realism, employment information behavior, information literacy measurement, information access, information credibility assessment, information behavior modeling, web information credibility, information culture, electronic information, information management, personal information management , information sources, information location, information system, Data management Human and information interaction, ignoring, avoiding, avoiding information, rejecting information, information search process model, information technology model, information sharing behavior, information architecture, information technology application, information and communication technology, information search process model, information literacy, poverty/ Information poverty, scientific information environment, general information environment, information realism, employment information behavior, information literacy measurement, information access, information credibility assessment, information behavior modeling, web information credibility, information culture, electronic information, information management, personal information management , information sources, information location, information system، 38%), information seeking behavior(Information seeking behavior Knowledge sharing behavior, consumer behavior, information behavior, unplanned behavior, collaborative information seeking behavior, employment information behavior, relational information seeking behavior, information seeking behavior, information seeking interaction behavior, inquiry behavior, health information seeking behavior, information seeking behavior, human information behavior , reading behavior, 23%), social network (Research Gate, Instagram, Social Media, Social Media Fatigue, Social Network, Scientific Graph Network, Network, Internet Social Network, Facebook, Social Network Analysis, Continuous Social Networks, Scientific Social Network, Online Social Network, Virtual Social Network, Big Data In social network, specialized social network, artificial neural network, selfie, social media, mobile phone based social network, 18%), research method (Research Methodology Grand theory, Koolthau model, qualitative approach, thematic analysis, semantic analysis, Meta composition, metanalysis, qualitative study, self-efficacy in qualitative research, fuzzy Delphi, database method, Delphi method, quantitative method, methodology, exploratory method, clustering, interactive content, methodology Research, methodological diversity, scientometrics, synonyms, fact-based interview, mixed approach, trend analysis, altmetrics, research problems, Ellis model, citation analysis, cybernetic revelation model, hierarchical analysis process, fuzzy method, data-based theory18%), library (16%), user (8%), retrieval (8%), information need (6%) %), information base (2%), information science and Knowledge (2%) and organization (1%) are assigned, with the largest share related to information management with 38% and the lowest share related to organization with 1%. Gender of the authors: 53% of them were men and 47% of them were women. According to the findings of the research, the most participants in writing articles are assistant professors (158), Associate Professor 119, doctorate student (114), master's student (100), doctorate (47), professor (42), unreported (20), student Bachelor's degree (12), postdoctoral degree (1).
Researchers in the field of information science and Knowledge have contributed the most in writing articles with 75%. Researchers in the field of business management (12%), educational sciences (2%), and information technology (01%) contributed more than other fields in writing articles in the journal. The most participation was by the authors of Kharazmi University; Also, Isfahan University with 27 article titles, Azad University with 25 article titles, Tehran University with 21 article titles, Beheshti University with 18 article titles, and Chamran University with 15 article titles Unreported 14 article titles, Al-Zahra University 10 article titles, Allameh Tabatabai University 10 article titles, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad 10 article titles, Tabriz University 9 article titles, Tarbiat Modares 8 article titles, Shiraz University 7 article titles, Shahid University 5 article titles, Mohaghegh Ardabili University 5 article titles respectively have contributed the most in writing articles. The population of quantitative researches was students, professors, and academics. In terms of the research approach, among the 242 published articles, 123 articles were conducted with a quantitative approach, which includes 51% of the research, and qualitative research accounted for 28%, and mixed research for 21%.
Strategy of research results: applied researches with 185 numbers have the highest percentage of 77% of the human and information interaction quarterly, and developmental and fundamental researches are in the next ranks with 32% and 25%, respectively. Also, the most applied researches, 10 titles, belong to the fourth issue of the five-year period of 2018, and the most basic researches, 5 titles, were published in the fourth issue of 2021. Research method strategy: According to the findings of the research, descriptive research with 167 titles is the highest percentage (69 percent), and correlation research 35% in the second rank and experimental research with 30 titles with 13% frequency in the rank are next. In the following, comparative and historical causal researches with 5 article titles are at the End. The level of research analysis: The findings of the research show that the level of
analysis of 78% of the articles published in the quarterly is the group level, and the individual, intersection, and organizational levels account for a total of 21% of the researches. The review of the articles shows that 64% of the researches conducted in the Scientific Quarterly of Human and Information Interaction have used primary data to conduct the research. Data collection method: Most researches have used questionnaires (74%) to collect data. The interview method is ranked next with (24%).
Conclusion: The analysis of the distribution of the gender frequency of the authors of the articles showed the difference in the role-creation of men compared to women in writing articles. In such a way that men have had a greater contribution and role in writing articles. The frequency distribution of the organizational affiliation of the authors of the articles showed that the most participation was by the authors of Kharazmi University. This indicates the fact that the researchers of Kharazmi University are more inclined to send their researches and achievements to their university journal, and naturally, this tendency increases the acceptance rate and the high percentage of participation of the researchers of this university in publishing articles. Considering that the field of organization has received less attention from researchers, besides the need to investigate the reasons for the low interest of researchers in this field in an independent research it is suggested that the editorial board and judges determine research priorities in the subject areas.
Due to the limitation of the research method used in 69% of the articles, it seems that the variety of research methods in the acceptance and publication of the journal articles should be given more attention by the reviewers, editor-in-chief, and other officials. In some informational articles, such as Society and statistical sample, the exact title of the university, organization, orientation, author's field, etc. are not mentioned, so it is suggested that the editorial board and the internal manager pay more attention. The data collection tool is a set of questionnaires and other tools are used less. Therefore, it is suggested that the editorial board and judges pay more attention to the acceptance of articles that use other tools to collect data. It is obvious that using various tools helps to increase the scientific richness of researches. Due to the unequal participation of researchers from different scientific fields in publishing articles in the quarterly journal, publishing articles in different fields with an almost equal ratio in each issue of the journal can solve this imbalance and equality. Also, the determination of research needs by the journal can lead researchers to other fields. About 77 percent of the reviewed researches were of applied type and exploratory researches had a smaller contribution; Therefore, it is suggested that the acceptance of exploratory researches should also be prioritized; Because this type of research helps to expand existing knowledge in line with research goals.
Zahra Poorpir, Mohammadreza Kiyani, Mohammad Ali Rostaminegad, Seyyed Ebrahim Hosseini Zargaz,
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Volume 10, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Covid-19 is an infectious respiratory disease that, like other infectious diseases, has affected people's health. As an important source for obtaining health information, social media have made a major contribution in meeting the need for information about Covid-19. The role of people's health information-seeking behavior is important in disease management and control, and it has an impact on the health of the society in the future.
Methodology: This research was practical and survey type. Statistical population, all students were studying at Birjand University at the time of the study. Sampling was done based on proportional classification random sampling (370 people). The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was measured by using the opinions of experts and experts in information science, epistemology and medical sciences, and its reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha (0.897).
Findings: The findings of the research showed that students used more search engines, foreign social networks and news media to get information about Covid-19 than reliable sources such as official specialized medical websites. Telegram and Instagram were the most used. They paid more attention to news related to covid-19 and preventive behaviors than getting information about treatment methods. The amount of negative and positive consequences of obtaining information about this disease on students was less than expected and among the components of information-seeking behavior, they paid the least attention to information sharing. In the field of aspects related to Covid-19, they paid the most attention to the educational aspect and the least attention to the political aspect.
Conclusion: Information and realizing its value and importance in human life today, leads to the concern of how to access the required information from among the multitude of available information. Information-seeking behavior follows the need for information, which includes activities such as information search, search tools, the type of information sought, search problems, and factors affecting it. Since the need for health information due to the spread of the Covid-19 disease creates concerns. Therefore, it leads to health information-seeking behavior, which includes actions related to searching and finding health-related problems, information about diseases, risk factors, and health promotion (Jalilian et al., 2021). In the course of searching for information, a person may use a manual information system or a computer-based system (Wilson, 2000).
Social media, as a platform that provides a lot of information, including health-related information, has been distinguished from other information systems due to components such as quick and easy access, interactive and comprehensible, and convenience. In the process of health information seeking behavior, the role of social media as a tool for searching for information and its effect on people's behavior is important (Liu, 2020). The types of information about which the search helps to meet the need for information and curiosities in the midst of this pandemic, information such as news related to Covid-19 (the number of patients and deaths), preventive behaviors (washing hands regularly, wearing masks) , vaccination, etc.) and various medical methods and related drugs.
Covid-19 is a respiratory disease caused by the corona virus and spread in late 2019. The Corona pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization as a public health emergency (Jalilian et al., 2021). This epidemic prompted scientists in different disciplines to investigate various issues arising from this phenomenon (Shehata, 2020). Access to health information is essential for any country and this is more important in developing countries where health challenges are more (Ankama et al., 2021). Progress in the prevention of Covid-19 is partially dependent on understanding the process of health information seeking behavior and its tools. To promote effective health knowledge, behavior change must be done at the individual level, and health messages must be accurate, transparent, and comprehensible. Also, be available and appropriate to the cultural environment of the society (Jalilian et al., 2021). Due to the epidemic nature of this disease and its unexpected consequences, the role of people and their information behaviors in fighting and controlling this disease is very important (Ostadi, 2019).
The main variables of the research included: the amount of use of each type of social media, the amount of use of each type of social network, the types of information obtained, the amount of negative and positive consequences of obtaining information about Covid-19, the amount of each From health information seeking behaviors and aspects related to covid 19.
To carry out the research, the researcher-made questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. This questionnaire was compiled in two parts based on the objectives and questions of the research. The first part includes questions related to the objectives of the research, and in the second part, three questions are asked about the personal characteristics of the respondents.
This questionnaire had 42 items and was measured in 7 variables, which are: social media (items 1-9), social networks (items 10-16), types of information obtained (item 17-21), negative consequences of information acquisition (items 22-26), positive consequences of information acquisition (items 27-33), types of health information-seeking behavior (items 34-37) and related dimensions with covid 19 (items 42-38). The mentioned questionnaire was distributed among the statistical population after checking and testing the validity and reliability. In this research, in order to measure the content validity of the questionnaire, the questions of the questionnaire were prepared by studying and reviewing related study sources, and then using the opinions of experts and experts in information science, philology, and medical sciences, they were reviewed and modified.
Out of a total of 224 respondents, that is, 58% of the people were women and 162 of them, equal to 42%, were men. Students in the study field of humanities with 167 people (43%) have the highest frequency among the respondents. After that, engineering science group with 112 people (29 percent), basic science group with 63 people (16 percent) and agricultural science group with 44 people (12 percent) respectively.
The number of respondents in the undergraduate level was the highest with 319 people (83 percent), as well as 47 people (12 percent) in the master's degree and 20 people (5 percent) in the doctoral level.
In the social media variable, the results showed that the average amount of social media use was generally lower than average. In the components of official medical websites, doctors' websites, unofficial websites, internal social networks, Wikipedia and encyclopedias, discussion groups and forums are also less than It was average. According to Zhang and Zhao (2017) and Haider et al. (2009), concern about the quality of information reduces the amount of social media use and consumer participation.
In the variable of social networks, the findings show that the average amount of use of the variable of social networks was generally lower than the average. Due to the filtering of YouTube, Twitter, and Clubhouse platforms, their use was quite logically lower than average. In the components of the Telegram and Instagram platforms, the average amount of use was more than average. The researchers' field observations of the users' use of these networks are consistent with the obtained results, as a result, the use of social networks due to their accessibility and the widely used role of mobile phone technology today is a source of information dissemination and information acquisition. Since the specialized information on websites and official sources is valuable, it is necessary to pay attention to the reason why they are not given much attention, and it should be carefully rooted and investigated.
The search rate of Birjand University students regarding each type of health information about Covid-19, the research indicates that, in general, the search rate in the variable of types of information about Covid-19 was equal to the average. But in the components of news related to Covid-19, preventive behaviors were more than average. Since the purpose of searching users during the Covid-19 pandemic was to deal with the said disease; Therefore, the results refer to the consumption of health information related to the news of Covid-19 and various preventive behaviors, because obtaining health information about each of the information related to Covid-19 is important in the process of managing and controlling this disease.
The rate of negative consequences of acquiring information about Covid-19 was below average. Also, in all components of worry, anxiety, lack of trust in information, confusion and confusion, and cognitive avoidance were also below the average level. What causes worry and anxiety in people is often lack of awareness and lack of ability to manage a crisis. In Nakheizadeh's new research (2019), the level of anxiety caused by covid-19 was high, as Nakheizadeh's study shows, his research is related to the early period of the corona epidemic. What is remarkable at the beginning of the matter, with the indiscriminate spread and the lack of sufficient and correct information about this disease, as well as the lack of a related vaccine, the influx of this amount of anxiety and worry among people can be considered normal. Moreover, the data of the current research was collected after about two years of the corona virus, when the students were in the approximate routine of life before the corona virus, right at the same time as face-to-face education in the university, and this change in the results can be completely logically explained. Justified. Also, the study of Bigdali et al. (2013) also expressed the positive view of users towards health information on the web. Montsi (2020) also stated that even receiving fake information does not affect people's physical or mental health, and its results are completely intangible, which can be roughly generalized to the results of this research and considered consistent.
In the variable of positive outcomes of acquiring information about Covid-19, it was below average. Also, in the components of the ability to recognize the need for information, search skills, the spirit of cooperation and information sharing, and the promotion of critical thinking, it was also below average. Also, in the components of knowledge of information sources and ability to evaluate information sources, it was equal to the average level. As a result, considering that in some components of the skill of recognizing the need for information and the ability to evaluate information sources, their average score was equal to the average level, which indicates that their health literacy is average; Because the results are consistent with the acquisition of their health information sources (social networks), so it is in line with the results of Apok and Ellis.
The average rate of performing various types of information-seeking behavior about Covid-19 was higher than average. Also, in the components of information search, identifying the need for information and changing health and treatment behavior, seeking more information was more than average. In the information sharing component, the average score of this component was equal to the average; Considering that the sources of obtaining health information about this disease are basically the media and social networks. What emerges from the evidence is that following a crisis or problem related to health and feeling the need for related information, people start searching for related sources and if it is noticeable, their health information seeking behavior is an increasing trend. has it. Therefore, the present study is consistent with all previous studies.
The results of the present study show that the average of information acquisition in the variable of information dimensions related to Covid-19 was higher than the average and also in all components, including dimensions related to health, economic, political, social and educational, the average score was higher. It was average. In other words, the findings show the students' concerns about each of the dimensions related to economy, health, politics, social justice, and especially about education and concerns about holding classes, not having the necessary infrastructure in an optimal way. In some people, lack of concentration and anxiety is caused by the situation.
The findings showed that the most sources of obtaining health information for students of Birjand University are search engines, foreign social networks and news media, and they paid less attention to reliable media such as official specialized medical websites. Also, the results point to the important and prominent role of Telegram and Instagram platforms. In addition, what the studied community sought to obtain information about covid-19 was mostly preventive behaviors and news related to covid-19 rather than its treatment methods. Also, the results showed that the health information-seeking behavior of Birjand University students has generally increased during this pandemic; But they have done the behavior of sharing information related to Covid less. Meanwhile, the role of dimensions related to Covid-19, including dimensions related to health, economic, political, social and educational, and obtaining information about each of these dimensions was of great importance for students, and the most important aspect for them was the educational dimension. .
The results showed that women used reliable sources such as official specialized medical websites and news media compared to men, and men used social networks (Telegram, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube) and search engines to get information about Covid. 19 have used. The influence of the role of gender showed that women are more interested in obtaining all kinds of information about this disease, and also paid more attention to the negative consequences of women; After creating negative consequences in women, they sought to obtain information about preventive behaviors. Because a significant relationship has been established between negative consequences and preventive behaviors in past studies. In addition, the role of gender had no effect on the positive outcomes and dimensions related to Covid-19, except for the economic dimension component. The field of study and level of study did not make a significant difference in the research variables. Based on this, it is suggested to hold training courses to improve the quality and awareness of health information literacy in social networks and news media for students of different levels. Also, policy makers and decision makers should pay more attention to providing authentic information on social media for the audience. Social networks and internal messengers should be adapted in the field of providing health information. Future researches can examine the subject of study in other societies and use different research methods to collect data or analyze findings.
Methodology: This research was practical and survey type. Statistical population, all students were studying at Birjand University at the time of the study. Sampling was done based on proportional classification random sampling (370 people). The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was measured by using the opinions of experts and experts in information science, epistemology and medical sciences, and its reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha (0.897).
Findings: The findings of the research showed that students used more search engines, foreign social networks and news media to get information about Covid-19 than reliable sources such as official specialized medical websites. Telegram and Instagram were the most used. They paid more attention to news related to covid-19 and preventive behaviors than getting information about treatment methods. The amount of negative and positive consequences of obtaining information about this disease on students was less than expected and among the components of information-seeking behavior, they paid the least attention to information sharing. In the field of aspects related to Covid-19, they paid the most attention to the educational aspect and the least attention to the political aspect.
Conclusion: Information and realizing its value and importance in human life today, leads to the concern of how to access the required information from among the multitude of available information. Information-seeking behavior follows the need for information, which includes activities such as information search, search tools, the type of information sought, search problems, and factors affecting it. Since the need for health information due to the spread of the Covid-19 disease creates concerns. Therefore, it leads to health information-seeking behavior, which includes actions related to searching and finding health-related problems, information about diseases, risk factors, and health promotion (Jalilian et al., 2021). In the course of searching for information, a person may use a manual information system or a computer-based system (Wilson, 2000).
Social media, as a platform that provides a lot of information, including health-related information, has been distinguished from other information systems due to components such as quick and easy access, interactive and comprehensible, and convenience. In the process of health information seeking behavior, the role of social media as a tool for searching for information and its effect on people's behavior is important (Liu, 2020). The types of information about which the search helps to meet the need for information and curiosities in the midst of this pandemic, information such as news related to Covid-19 (the number of patients and deaths), preventive behaviors (washing hands regularly, wearing masks) , vaccination, etc.) and various medical methods and related drugs.
Covid-19 is a respiratory disease caused by the corona virus and spread in late 2019. The Corona pandemic was declared by the World Health Organization as a public health emergency (Jalilian et al., 2021). This epidemic prompted scientists in different disciplines to investigate various issues arising from this phenomenon (Shehata, 2020). Access to health information is essential for any country and this is more important in developing countries where health challenges are more (Ankama et al., 2021). Progress in the prevention of Covid-19 is partially dependent on understanding the process of health information seeking behavior and its tools. To promote effective health knowledge, behavior change must be done at the individual level, and health messages must be accurate, transparent, and comprehensible. Also, be available and appropriate to the cultural environment of the society (Jalilian et al., 2021). Due to the epidemic nature of this disease and its unexpected consequences, the role of people and their information behaviors in fighting and controlling this disease is very important (Ostadi, 2019).
The main variables of the research included: the amount of use of each type of social media, the amount of use of each type of social network, the types of information obtained, the amount of negative and positive consequences of obtaining information about Covid-19, the amount of each From health information seeking behaviors and aspects related to covid 19.
To carry out the research, the researcher-made questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. This questionnaire was compiled in two parts based on the objectives and questions of the research. The first part includes questions related to the objectives of the research, and in the second part, three questions are asked about the personal characteristics of the respondents.
This questionnaire had 42 items and was measured in 7 variables, which are: social media (items 1-9), social networks (items 10-16), types of information obtained (item 17-21), negative consequences of information acquisition (items 22-26), positive consequences of information acquisition (items 27-33), types of health information-seeking behavior (items 34-37) and related dimensions with covid 19 (items 42-38). The mentioned questionnaire was distributed among the statistical population after checking and testing the validity and reliability. In this research, in order to measure the content validity of the questionnaire, the questions of the questionnaire were prepared by studying and reviewing related study sources, and then using the opinions of experts and experts in information science, philology, and medical sciences, they were reviewed and modified.
Out of a total of 224 respondents, that is, 58% of the people were women and 162 of them, equal to 42%, were men. Students in the study field of humanities with 167 people (43%) have the highest frequency among the respondents. After that, engineering science group with 112 people (29 percent), basic science group with 63 people (16 percent) and agricultural science group with 44 people (12 percent) respectively.
The number of respondents in the undergraduate level was the highest with 319 people (83 percent), as well as 47 people (12 percent) in the master's degree and 20 people (5 percent) in the doctoral level.
In the social media variable, the results showed that the average amount of social media use was generally lower than average. In the components of official medical websites, doctors' websites, unofficial websites, internal social networks, Wikipedia and encyclopedias, discussion groups and forums are also less than It was average. According to Zhang and Zhao (2017) and Haider et al. (2009), concern about the quality of information reduces the amount of social media use and consumer participation.
In the variable of social networks, the findings show that the average amount of use of the variable of social networks was generally lower than the average. Due to the filtering of YouTube, Twitter, and Clubhouse platforms, their use was quite logically lower than average. In the components of the Telegram and Instagram platforms, the average amount of use was more than average. The researchers' field observations of the users' use of these networks are consistent with the obtained results, as a result, the use of social networks due to their accessibility and the widely used role of mobile phone technology today is a source of information dissemination and information acquisition. Since the specialized information on websites and official sources is valuable, it is necessary to pay attention to the reason why they are not given much attention, and it should be carefully rooted and investigated.
The search rate of Birjand University students regarding each type of health information about Covid-19, the research indicates that, in general, the search rate in the variable of types of information about Covid-19 was equal to the average. But in the components of news related to Covid-19, preventive behaviors were more than average. Since the purpose of searching users during the Covid-19 pandemic was to deal with the said disease; Therefore, the results refer to the consumption of health information related to the news of Covid-19 and various preventive behaviors, because obtaining health information about each of the information related to Covid-19 is important in the process of managing and controlling this disease.
The rate of negative consequences of acquiring information about Covid-19 was below average. Also, in all components of worry, anxiety, lack of trust in information, confusion and confusion, and cognitive avoidance were also below the average level. What causes worry and anxiety in people is often lack of awareness and lack of ability to manage a crisis. In Nakheizadeh's new research (2019), the level of anxiety caused by covid-19 was high, as Nakheizadeh's study shows, his research is related to the early period of the corona epidemic. What is remarkable at the beginning of the matter, with the indiscriminate spread and the lack of sufficient and correct information about this disease, as well as the lack of a related vaccine, the influx of this amount of anxiety and worry among people can be considered normal. Moreover, the data of the current research was collected after about two years of the corona virus, when the students were in the approximate routine of life before the corona virus, right at the same time as face-to-face education in the university, and this change in the results can be completely logically explained. Justified. Also, the study of Bigdali et al. (2013) also expressed the positive view of users towards health information on the web. Montsi (2020) also stated that even receiving fake information does not affect people's physical or mental health, and its results are completely intangible, which can be roughly generalized to the results of this research and considered consistent.
In the variable of positive outcomes of acquiring information about Covid-19, it was below average. Also, in the components of the ability to recognize the need for information, search skills, the spirit of cooperation and information sharing, and the promotion of critical thinking, it was also below average. Also, in the components of knowledge of information sources and ability to evaluate information sources, it was equal to the average level. As a result, considering that in some components of the skill of recognizing the need for information and the ability to evaluate information sources, their average score was equal to the average level, which indicates that their health literacy is average; Because the results are consistent with the acquisition of their health information sources (social networks), so it is in line with the results of Apok and Ellis.
The average rate of performing various types of information-seeking behavior about Covid-19 was higher than average. Also, in the components of information search, identifying the need for information and changing health and treatment behavior, seeking more information was more than average. In the information sharing component, the average score of this component was equal to the average; Considering that the sources of obtaining health information about this disease are basically the media and social networks. What emerges from the evidence is that following a crisis or problem related to health and feeling the need for related information, people start searching for related sources and if it is noticeable, their health information seeking behavior is an increasing trend. has it. Therefore, the present study is consistent with all previous studies.
The results of the present study show that the average of information acquisition in the variable of information dimensions related to Covid-19 was higher than the average and also in all components, including dimensions related to health, economic, political, social and educational, the average score was higher. It was average. In other words, the findings show the students' concerns about each of the dimensions related to economy, health, politics, social justice, and especially about education and concerns about holding classes, not having the necessary infrastructure in an optimal way. In some people, lack of concentration and anxiety is caused by the situation.
The findings showed that the most sources of obtaining health information for students of Birjand University are search engines, foreign social networks and news media, and they paid less attention to reliable media such as official specialized medical websites. Also, the results point to the important and prominent role of Telegram and Instagram platforms. In addition, what the studied community sought to obtain information about covid-19 was mostly preventive behaviors and news related to covid-19 rather than its treatment methods. Also, the results showed that the health information-seeking behavior of Birjand University students has generally increased during this pandemic; But they have done the behavior of sharing information related to Covid less. Meanwhile, the role of dimensions related to Covid-19, including dimensions related to health, economic, political, social and educational, and obtaining information about each of these dimensions was of great importance for students, and the most important aspect for them was the educational dimension. .
The results showed that women used reliable sources such as official specialized medical websites and news media compared to men, and men used social networks (Telegram, Instagram, Twitter and YouTube) and search engines to get information about Covid. 19 have used. The influence of the role of gender showed that women are more interested in obtaining all kinds of information about this disease, and also paid more attention to the negative consequences of women; After creating negative consequences in women, they sought to obtain information about preventive behaviors. Because a significant relationship has been established between negative consequences and preventive behaviors in past studies. In addition, the role of gender had no effect on the positive outcomes and dimensions related to Covid-19, except for the economic dimension component. The field of study and level of study did not make a significant difference in the research variables. Based on this, it is suggested to hold training courses to improve the quality and awareness of health information literacy in social networks and news media for students of different levels. Also, policy makers and decision makers should pay more attention to providing authentic information on social media for the audience. Social networks and internal messengers should be adapted in the field of providing health information. Future researches can examine the subject of study in other societies and use different research methods to collect data or analyze findings.
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