Human Information Interaction

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Background and Aim: the field of indigenous medicine is one of the indigenous knowledge fields. The tendency of native people to use indigenous medicine for diagnosis and treatment of diseases, knowledge management of indigenous medicine in this district, have doubled the importance of paying attention to this topic. In this way, the present research intends to propose an appropriate model for knowledge management of indigenous knowledge, through identifying items of indigenous knowledge, Emphasizing on indigenous medicine, in Makran district.
Methods: the type of present research is applied and the Qualitative methods have been used in this study. The Statistical population of this research involved of experts and pundits that are familiar with indigenous knowledge in Makran district. The sample members were selected with purposeful sampling method. Semi-structured interview was used for Data Collection and the process of conducting interviews was continued with 12 persons of sample members to reach the theoretical saturation after interview. Thematic Analysis method is used for analysis, interpretation and coding of data.
Results: Based on the analysis of qualitative data, 175 initial codes were obtained. 55 codes represent different fields of indigenous knowledge which were categorized in 5 sub-items of "handicrafts", "fishing", "animal husbandry", "agriculture" and "indigenous medicine" and 2 key items of "non-medical" and "medical knowledge". 78 codes represent the different fields of indigenous medicine knowledge which were categorized in 6 sub-items of "sphygmology", "face color", "urine and stool color", "drug therapy", "prayer therapy", "surgery and traditional  treatments " and 2 key items of "Traditional diagnosis" and "traditional medicine". Finally, 42 initial codes related to the items of the knowledge management model of indigenous medicine were categorized in 14 sub-items and 5 key items of "knowledge creation", "Knowledge acquisition”, "knowledge sharing and development", "knowledge transfer", "knowledge recording", which show the dimension of knowledge management model of indigenous medicine in Makran district.   
Conclusion: Due to the vast capacity of Makran district in the field of indigenous medicine knowledge, the present research provides a basis for the more efficient management of this knowledge through identifying different items of this knowledge and proposing a model for its management. In addition, this research can be the basis for further investigations in this field.

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Purpose: Today's knowledge-based organizations use knowledge management softwares to accelerate and facilitate their knowledge management processes.But facilitating and accelerating these processes will not be possible, except with knowledge audit, which is the first step of knowledge management. So the purpose of this research is identifying the knowledge audit factors in the knowledge management softwares.
Methodology: This research is applied that done documentary and descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of this research includes 14 Knowledge Management Software’s. The data gathering method is direct observation and data gathering tool check list that made by the researcher. Data analysis was performed variance and mean analysis by SPSS software.
Findings: The findings showed that knowledge audit models emphasized on approaches: 1. Strategies 2. Knowledge management processes 3. Organizational strategies and Processes and 4. Knowledge resources. And factors such as the knowledge perspective, knowledge environment, knowledge health, knowledge gap and knowledge revising less studied in models. Also findings showed that the knowledge management software’s of Andocx, Abaneghan, Net, Pearankar, Laravel, Parnian, Bornapedia, Sepehr Mahan, Hamafaza, MTAshare, Nadine, and Knowledge management systems have good capabilities than the other knowledge management systems. But the factors of knowledge conversion, knowledge nutrition, scoring, sophisticated communities, and knowledge map in these software’s less used than the other factors. In addition, the most uses of knowledge audit factors belongs to the KM systems, and the lowest of it belongs to the NET software. And also, more knowledge management software’s emphasize on the processes of knowledge management and knowledge resources and topics of strategy and culture less used in them.
Conclusion: Results showed that using of knowledge audit factors in knowledge management software’s will be provide, better identify the needs, flows, inventories and knowledge maps, create, organize, share and use of the knowledge in the organizations.

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Background and Aim: Bearing in mind the importance of knowledge activities, the purpose of this study is to determine the status of knowledge activities in individual and organizational dimensions amongst academic and public librarians in Kermanshah province.    
Methods: Survey method is applied. Data  was collected by  Huang questionnaire, which was distributed among the 170 librarians selected as sample. Sample size was determined by Cochran's formula.   Data was analyzed by  descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: Findings Showed that the highest average of knowledge activities in individual dimensions is correlated to the component of knowledge absorption and the lowest is related to knowledge diffusion and in organizational dimensions. Also,  the highest average is related to the component of knowledge integration and the lowest is tied in the component of knowledge breadth. There was no significant difference between public and academic librarians (except for knowledge barriers) in comparing the status of knowledge activities in individual and organizational dimensions. The average score of the studied librarians regarding the status of knowledge activities in organizational dimensions is significantly higher than knowledge activities in individual dimensions. The status of knowledge activities in individual and organizational dimensions in public and academic libraries is at a desirable level.
Conclusion: Due to the low average of knowledge obstacles and knowledge breadth in comparison with other components, it is urgent that library managers hold seminars and conferences and encourage the librarians to take part in those programs and help them share their ideas and thoughts. The managers should also organize educational programs with the help of experienced librarians that help the novice librarians in regard with knowledge acquisition, job responsibilities, educational resources and library databases.
 

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Aim: The purpose of this paper is to determine the factors affecting the use of enterprise social networks, the types of usage behavior and the consequences of using these networks.
Methodology: This is a descriptive study. The qualitative inquiries of previous researches in the social networking enterprise had been investigated by means of  meta-synthesis. A total of 470 found source of meta-synthesis process, 30 papers were consistent with accepted criteria.
Results: As a result of the combination of the findings, 52 codes and 10 main concepts (individual, organizational, social, technical factors and others related to the task, active use and passive use, consequences for the individual level, group level and organizational level) were identified. In conclusion, three categories were identified:  factors affecting use, usage behavior and consequences of use that the concepts of individual, organizational, social, technical, and others related to the task as factors affecting use, as well as the concepts of active use and passive use in the category of behavioral usage were classified. In addition, individual, group and organizational level were also classified as concepts related to the significances of use category.  Among the three categories, the category of factors influencing use has a greater share of the subject, and consequences categories and its concepts had less attention than the other two categories in preceding researches.
Conclusion: Organizations could employ  the results of this study to encourage more employees to use enterprise social networks and thus realize the significances.

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Aim: Scientific social networks were shaped as part of a set of social software and a platform for international interactions sharing the tangible and intangible knowledge of researchers. The purpose is to investigate the patterns and behaviors of knowledge sharing of researchers in Research Gate. Based on this, the question and answer system of this scientific social network was analyzed and reviewed.
Methodology: Method is applied descriptive survey with web content analysis approach. The community studied was the questions and answers provided in the Q & A system of Research Gate. Two subject areas were selected, 127 questions and 408 responses related to these two domains were analyzed and reviewed.
Findings: Findings showed that the questions raised in two domains examined in the question and answer system of the scientific network were conceptual questions and replies in both domains were often intangible, and the type of presentation are scientific vision and mental pattern.  Most of the inquirers were researchers from Asian countries with less than 5 RG rank.  While researchers from European countries - with an RG rank of over 10, have been posting answers and sharing their expertise.
Conclusion: Q & A systems are diverse, efficient technologies for sharing knowledge and enhancing international interactions among researchers  beyond the geographical and political boundaries, which has created a place for the reproduction of scientific disciplines in the world. The results according to Castells, speak of latent power of social networks and question and answer systems in knowledge sharing and widespread knowledge boundaries that facilitate transfer of experiences, thought and knowledge of researchers and provide fertile ground for science.

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Aim: The aim of this study is content and structural analysis of published articles in knowledge Management.
Methodology: The research method is analytical. The population encompassed all articles in the field of knowledge management indexed in the citation database of the Islamic world. Measurement tool is a checklist constructed based on research objectives.
Finding: Finding indicate that the utmost frequency is related to correlation research and the minimum is  experimental and combined research method. Also the maximum data analysis methods is descriptive-deductive and the least of that is another methods.  Most related to type of articles associated to research articles and journals. The most used research tool is the questionnaire. Co-authorship within the country is high. In contrast, it is insignificant at the international level. There is a meaningful relationship between the number, field and type of collaborations of authors and research methods used. 
Conclusion: Instigating collaboration between authors, especially international teamwork is the requirements of scientific production processes. Revising knowledge management researches is necessary due to the recurrence of research methods that similarly cause data analysis methods repetition in most research articles.

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Purpose. The ultimate goal of innovative behavior is to improve performance of the individual, group, and ultimately organization all together. Many factors are influential in the realization of innovative behavior of employees of an organization. In this study, the influence of two factors of organizational climate and knowledge sharing has been reflected.
Method. The study uses an applied descriptive survey method. Population includes all official 373 employees of knowledge-based companies in Fars province (1399). Sample was189 individuals selected by simple random sampling method using Cochran's formula. Data collection was conducted by: Standard Questionnaires of Organizational Climate ( Book et al., 2005), Knowledge Sharing Questionnaire (Hoff and Reader, 2004), and Innovative Behavior Questionnaire (Johnson and Welba,  2004). Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling tests were used for data analysis.
Findings. The results show that organizational climate has a direct and positive effect on innovative behavior and knowledge sharing. Conversely, knowledge sharing also has a direct and positive effect on innovative behavior. The direct effect of organizational climate on innovative behavior is 0.52, which is strengthened by the role of knowledge sharing and increases by 0.83, which means that knowledge sharing by 0.31 has increased the organizational climate effect on innovative behavior.
Discussion and conclusion. Appropriately understanding - the type of relationship and how to influence organizational climate and knowledge sharing on the innovative performance of employees in knowledge-based companies - managers will be able to take more appropriate measures to instigate innovation in the company to increase organizational productivity, planning and management.

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Background and Aim: The aim of present study is the inquiring the environmental, technical and technological factors effective on knowledge hiding in scientific space.
Methods: The study is a mixed approach, inquiring the environmental, technical and technological factors effective on knowledge hiding in scientific space.  Thus, this article include in the pluralism of information collection methods. Also, using the "Delphi" method, the conceptual model of Inquiring the environmental, technical and technological factors effective on knowledge hiding in scientific space.
In quantitative terms, the sample was 314 employees of Islamic Azad University of Khorasan Razavi. Sample selected randomly and surveyed through standard knowledge hiding (Demirkasimoglu, 2016) and researcher-made environmental, technical and technological factors questionnaires. Data was collected during the first six months of 2020 and analyzed, using SEM and Amos software. Technical and technological factors include: Ease of accessibility, compliance of the organization's technology, fear of working with the existing technology in the organization and satisfaction with quality, and for environmental factors, the physical environment and social environment were considered.
Results: Results show that the effect of physical and social environment on knowledge concealment with the standard coefficients of -0.70 and -0.39, respectively. Also, the amount of effectiveness of ease of accessibility, the factor of compliance with the organization's technology, the factor of fear and apprehension of working with existing technology in the organization, the factor of quality satisfaction with knowledge concealment are equal to -0.65, -0.21 and – 0.45. But the fear variable has a direct effect of 0.96 by hiding knowledge.
Conclusion: Results indicate that: Environmental, technical and technological factors are inversely and significantly related to knowledge hiding.

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Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of information literacy and environmental knowledge, attitude and practice of primary school teachers.
Method: This was a correlational study. Population included all teachers (male and female) in the first to sixth grades of primary school in District 1 of Hamadan, numbering 875 students. A stratified random sampling method was used and 267 teachers (208 females and 59 males) were selected and participated in the study. Instruments were: 1. Information Literacy Questionnaire (Yazdani, 2012) and; 2. Environmental Awareness, Attitude and Practice Scale (Farokhi, 2014), with the required reliability and validity.
Results: Results showed the level of information literacy of teachers to be moderate. However, in the dimensions of "need definition, location , and  information evaluation,"  this was above the average. In the dimensions of “organizing information and information exchange,”  it was lower than the median of the society. Also, findings showed that the level of “environmental knowledge” and “environmental attitude” of teachers was appropriate; but the “environmental practice” of teachers was in poor condition. Lastly, the results showed a positive significant relationship between all dimensions of information literacy with teachers' knowledge, attitude and environmental practice (P <0.01).
Conclusion: Teachers with higher information literacy will have access to better environmental knowledge and as a result will have better environmental attitudes and practices. Therefore, we can increase their information literacy to improve their environmental knowledge, attitude and practice.

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Introduction: A thorough understanding of the drivers and inhabitants to the study can provide the basis for effective planning to improve the study. The aim of this study was to investigate the driving and inhibitory factors affecting the tendency of Iranian knowledge and information science PhD students towards study.
Methods: This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and using content analysis method. The data collection tool was an in-depth semi-structured interview. The interviews were conducted through face-to-face visits, telephone calls, e-mails, sending and receiving audio files and conversations on social media. PhD students in knowledge and information science at state universities, Payame-Nour Universities, and Islamic Azad Universities form the research community, and 33 people were selected as the research sample using targeted sampling.
Results: The results show that four factors of "professor", "compulsion", "personal promotion" and "interest" were the driving factors among doctoral students and seven factors were "professor", "family". "Access problems", "ambiguous future", "problems and weaknesses of the educational system", "growth of the spirit of need to study" and "non-participation in teaching" have been identified as deterrents factors.
Conclusion: The drivers and inhabitants of the study are very intertwined and interrelated. Some of these factors affect others and are in some way the cause and effect of each other. To strengthen effective factors and reduce barriers to study, it requires more effort from professors and programmers at the macro level, libraries and librarians, politicians, and more effort and planning from doctoral students themselves. It is necessary for the education system and the education system in universities to get out of the monolithic system and to be the speaker of unity. In this way, students are less likely to study and research until there are fundamental changes in teaching methods and curriculum content in the education system. For the first time, this study examines the most important factors and barriers to the advancement of PhD students in information science, and the results provide qualitative factors for the context of the research community. And it can be used in planning and policy making for the doctoral program of the field. Since no research has been done in this field so far, the present study can be considered as a new research in this field.

 

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Background and purpose: The Health Ministry plays a fundamental role in providing primary and to some extent secondary services in the Iranian health system, and the employees in the health ministry have important and dangerous tasks in order to maintain and promote the health of the community. Since improving the performance of health assistants can ultimately lead to improving health indicators, the main objective of the project is to study the role of pessimism in the professional performance of health assistants at the University of Medical Sciences in Isfahan, given the role of knowledge mediation and moderation of managerial leadership.
Materials and methods: This research is descriptive , experimental in functional purpose, and methodological in data collection. The statistical community of the study consisted of 235 staff members of the health department, who were considered on the basis of a sample number table of 140 people, but the 200 questionnaires were distributed in a simple random manner. The data were collected in a library-like and field-like manner. Standard questionnaires on job cynicism, knowledge retention, job performance scale, and transformational leadership were used to measure the research variables. Structural equation modeling with the PLS software was used to analyze the data..
 Findings: Pessimism with a coefficient of 322/-0 has a significant and adverse effect on the professional performance of employees of the Health Department of the University of Medical Sciences in Isfahan. Pessimism with a coefficient of 486/0 has a significant effect on concealing the knowledge of the staff of the Health Department of the University of Medical Sciences in Isfahan.
Conclusion: In the organization, it is necessary to create an environment that encourages positive attitudes and encourages positive behaviors among employees. To reduce pessimism, it can be effective to involve more employees in decision-making and to encourage and support employees to come up with creative ideas to improve work processes.