Human Information Interaction

Background and Aim: The aim was to identify the targeted search, work duty, cultural and social-Organizational dimensions of information retrieval contexts using the Ingwersen and Jarvelin framework.
Method: Content analysis and systematic review of articles between 1991 and 2021(1371 – 1400) in domestic and foreign databases steered via: Scopus, Science Direct, Emerald, ProQuest, Eric, Comprehensive Humanities Portal, Noormags, Magiran, SED, and Civilica. Six steps including: Identifying keywords; retrieving Ingwersen and Jarvelin; Selection of the article by subject matter and validity of the sources; Search the background and extract a list of related articles; Prepare final articles and; Open coding were completed. Data collection was based on keywords extraction and texts information. Population, information sources, and validity of the results were guaranteed by the systematic classification process, based on past researches.
Findings: Keywords related to the dimensions of information system substances and retrieval of Ingwersen and Jarvelin was identified among 53 out of 3048 articles. Dimensions, criteria and open codes of identified matters, information retrieval context including: Comprehensiveness; Obstacle; Effectiveness; Information and process quality; Targeted search context includes; usability; Information and process quality. Task context includes: Information quality and work process / results. Cultural and social-organizational context including: socio-cognitive relations; The quality of the task result.
Conclusion: Real information is the result of human understanding of data sources during the process of interaction, communication and information. Interactive approach helps to understand human information behavior. Equally, interactive information retrieval provides theoretical framework for understanding its nature and analysis by considering the dimensions of the contexts.

Background:  Semantic technologies (STs) have made machine reasoning possible by providing intelligent data management methods. This capability has created new forms of interaction between humans and STs, which is called "semantic interaction."  The increasing spread of this form of interaction in daily life reveals the need to identify the factors affecting it and introduce the requirements of a synergistic interaction, which in this study is interpreted as a model of symbiosis.
Purpose: The main purpose of this study is to investigate what, why, and how human-ST symbiosis occurs in the form of a symbiosis model. Providing such a model could be valuable in developing active strategies in the face of intelligent technologies.
Methodology:  The study introduces actor-networks of human symbiosis based on the actor-network methodology. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with eight managers, experts, and users in the Computer Research Centers of Islamic Sciences (CRCIS) and examined using the actor network method. All phases of data collection, implementations, coding and analysis were done under NVivo software.
Findings: In the human-ST symbiosis, beside human eleven other actors:  Semantic products, context, infrastructure, data, knowledge, social media, Web, scientific centers, organization, AI and ontology are identified. Their interaction establishes seven dynamic actors-networks of symbiosis: Product design and development, use, leadership and management, data, knowledge management, training and contextual conditions.
Conclusion: Semantic products alongside human beings are independent, autonomous, and self-aware actors who are able to go beyond mere mediation of change and govern social change in the Human-ST symbiosis. In such circumstances, man, as the creator and maintainer of the semantic product, in addition to strengthening the technical capabilities in the creation of the product, must entrust to the product the things that the product is able to do.

Objective: Study clarifies the effect of greening Porter's competitive advantage in the marketing process by emphasizing the marketing information system.
Method: Study used applied developmental and qualitative method. Population included experts and marketing and environmental experts of oil companies, from which 13 samples were selected by targeted snowball method for semi-structured interviews. A content analysis method based on data foundation theory was used to analyze the data. Appropriate codes were assigned to different parts of the data and concepts were determined. Selective coding allowed to refine categories and the main dimensions of the research emerged in the form of causal, pivotal, contextual, intervening, strategies, and accordingly to determine emergence of Porter's competitive advantage in the marketing process.
Findings: Findings showed that entrepreneurial behaviors and managerial factors provide the basis for sustainable green marketing and then green social responsibility for oil companies. Meanwhile, organizational agility paves the way for sustainable green marketing and social responsibility. Green marketing also affects the positioning of green and ultimately green competitive advantage for the company and customers by influencing the capabilities of the company, production factors and environmental factors.
Conclusion: Results showed that the green marketing process is a complex process that affects the agility of the organization, entrepreneurial behavior and managerial factors leads to green positioning and ultimately, a green competitive advantage for the company and customers

Purpose: The study aims to weight, determine the priority, and investigate the direction of influencing and susceptibility of the components of "information literacy skills" by considering the importance of the information context of the community in training these skills in order to eliminate their gaps and promote the "information literacy skills" of the community.
Methodology: This is an applied quantitative study, using "multi-criteria decision-making" methods based on techniques of "Paired Comparisons" through Dalala Dematel - by applying MATLAB software.
Findings: The results of Dematel matrix investigated the influence and susceptibility of "information literacy skills" and measured their weights. Moreover, results showed the priority of training of components to improve and eradicate the gaps of the "information literacy skills" respectively as follows: "Information access skills," "information assessment skills," "information use skills," "information dissemination skills," "Skills of understanding and recognizing the information need," and "information combination skills."
Conclusion: Using "paired comparisons" techniques as a new approach in the field of "information literacy studies" could be beneficial in deciding to train "information literacy skills" in different information contexts. Weighting and studying the influence and susceptibility of components of "information literacy skills" on each other showed that the components that are ranked in the first priorities include more relative weights and in comparison, with next components are more important in terms of the need for education and promotion.  Informing decision-makers on the influence measure of components on each other has a significant and a prominent role in deciding and adopting appropriate trends in training "information literacy skills" based on the importance and priority of skills, and can provide guidance to policymakers, instructors, and researchers in this field.
 

Objective: Purpose is to study the role of customer knowledge interaction and intention to buy consumers in the electrical industry with an information behavior approach.
Method: Develomental qualitative method was used. Population included   experts in marketing and consumer behavior, especially in the electrical industry. Via targeted snowball method sample of 14 experts were selected for a semi-structured interview. Content analysis method based on data foundation theory was conducted. appropriate codes were assigned to different parts of the data and concepts were determined. In conclusion, through selective coding, the categories were refined and the main dimensions of the research emerged in the form of causal, pivotal, contextual, intervening, strategies, and consequences.
 Findings: Findings disclosed that information behavior including: Knowledge for the customer, of the customer, about the customer, and personal characteristics as causal factors affect the behavioral tendencies of customers.  Behavioral tendencies also make purchasing decisions. On the other hand, marketing factors - product, price, location, promotion and process management, as the prevailing context, affect the intention to buy. Also, environmental factors and internal capabilities of the company, in the form of intervening conditions, affect the intention to buy consumers in the electrical industry, which ultimately creates added value for the company and customers.
Conclusion: Results disclosed that customers behavioral tendencies are strongly influenced by their knowledge of electrical industries and products.
 

Objective: Health information on diseases could help prevent the spread and the treatment and is the most vital needs of people in daily life. One health issue that has plagued the world in recent years is the corona virus. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the health information behavior of graduate students at Qom University.
Methodology: Applied descriptive survey method was used. Population was all 3000  graduate students at Qom University. Using Morgan table, sample of 300 students were seleted, out of which 200 studnts answered the questionnaires. Data was collected through the standard Lango questionnaire. Research hypotheses were scrutinized using independent t and one-way ANOVA. Age, gender, place of residence, income and information seeking behavior of graduate students  were investigated.
Findings: The most information sources were Internet, Social networks, TV and the family. while the least go to brochures and pamphlets. Althugh, graduate students could obtain corona information from social networks and Internet, nonetheless their active use of corona information is slightly more from traditional sources of television and radio. There was no significant relation of behavior variables in information retrieval, perception in information retrieval, interpersonal interaction in information retrieval, impact of information on disease, active retrieval of information and passive retrieval of information with regard to age, gender and place of residence of graduate students.
Conclusion: Results revealed that the students have health information literacy and could identify and use related health information. In spite of increasing use of new sources such as social networks and Internet, information obtained from traditional sources has been more trusted and used. Non of the variables of gender, age, income and place of residence had any effect on health information seeking behavior of students. All subjects had the same information seeking behavior.
 

Purpose: Sharing research data leads to the reusing that data. The purpose   is to describe the status of sharing and reusing research data amongst researchers. This examines the attitude, experience and barriers in reusing research data.
Methodology: Applied quantitative survey method was used. Population  was 154 participants all faculty members of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University. Instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire which face and content validity was approved by experts. Reliability of the questionnaire was determined via Cronbach's alpha and an appropriate value of 0.774 was gained. Descriptive statistics were used by SPSS software.
Findings: Attitude of researchers towards the reusing research data with an average of 3.29 was in a relatively favorable situation. The experience of reusing research data with an average of 2.22 was not at the desired level. The average scores of legal, individual and organizational barriers were 3.45, 3.18 and 3.15, respectively. Female researchers had not as much of data sharing experience than men. The average of attitude and experience in sharing and reusing research data for agricultural researchers was significantly lower than other groups. The average of attitude for older researchers was somewhat more than that of other groups.
Conclusion: Despite the relatively favorable attitude of researchers to reuse research data, it was not at the desired level in terms of experience. Legal, individual and organizational barriers were effective barriers in research data reuse.
 

Background and Aim: The aim was to investigate the effect of membership in social networks and mental rumination on cognitive flexibility of female law students at Islamic Azad University of Ghaemshahr.

Method: The research method was correlational.    Sample of 70 law students randomly selected by Krejcie Morgan. Instruments used were: 1. A questionnaire to study the effects of membership in social networks and; 2.  Cognitive flexibility questionnaire (Taghizadeh and Nikkhah) and mental rumination scale questionnaire (Taghizadeh).
 
Results: Results showed that the intensity of the effect of membership in social networks (24.5%) was higher than the intensity of the effect of mental rumination (12.8%). The intensity of the effect could also be seen for all three subscales of the two variables. The results of structural equations to reject or confirm the hypotheses had shown that both variables of membership in social networks (P = 0.001 and β = 0.526) and rumination (P = 0.002 and (β = -0.379) on flexibility Cognitive have had a significant effect that giving the value of the path coefficient could be said that membership in social networks has a positive effect and mental rumination has a negative effect.     
Conclusion: Membership in social networks has had far greater and more destructive effects than mental rumination on students' cognitive flexibility, and it could be said that both the variables of membership in social networks and mental rumination have affected cognitive flexibility.

 

Objective: The purpose was to identify components and effective characteristics of knowledge management of metropolitan municipalities in Iran.
Methods: Applied qualitative fuzzy Delphi analysis method was incorporated.  The qualitative experts in the community in the field: Urban management, and executives in the municipalities. Twenty experts surveyed purposefully to generate a semi-structured questionnaire.  
Results: Based on Delphi analysis, 7 components and 59 indices were identified, based on the codes collected from the research literature, and based on a questionnaire form performed by experts using fuzzy Delphi method, 7 components were included. Knowledge among employees with average of 0.846, Competitive advantage for organization with average of 0.822, Knowledge sharing among employees with average of 0.840, Knowledge in organization with average of 0.831, Knowledge distribution among employees with average 0.839, knowledge creation for workers with a mean of 0.840, knowledge transfer among workers with a mean of 0.788.
Conclusion: Knowledge management as a scientific discipline is still in its infancy with so many unidentified topics in Iran. Although organizations, especially the case study of metropolitan municipalities, are gradually recognizing the importance of knowledge management in their various units, there is still a long way to operate adequately.