Human Information Interaction

---

Background and Aim: The purpose of the present research was to investigate the library anxiety rate of post-graduate students at Shaheed Chamran University (SCU).
Method: Research was a survey of descriptive-analytical type that applying Van Kampen’s multi-dimensional scale, Translation and was the standard for the community. Population included all the post-graduate students (4422) at SCU. Sample size of 354 students was selected using Krejcie-Morgan table. Of 354 distributed questionnaires some 287 were returned (response rate of 81.07%). Data analysis was performed. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were used (t-test and ANOVA) to determine the significant differences.
Results: Descriptive results indicated that the library anxiety rate is equal to 151.69 which indicates to be at the medium level.
Conclusion: Variables such as:  sex age college attended educational level frequency of library usage, on library anxiety were studied. Level of education, and the frequency of library usage found to be effective on students’ library anxiety. 

---

Background and Aim: Web 2.0 capabilities in research fields have provided numerous conveniences for scholars. This, has consent people to interact and share their publications with other scholars across the world. The purpose of the research is to study the presence of Shahid Beheshti University Scholars in ResearchGate.

 Method: Used approach in this paper is Scientometrics with Altmetrics method. For data gathering,  ResearchGate page Shahid Beheshti University was scrutinized.

Resutls: Findings indicated that disciplines of Chemistry, Laser, Plasma and Physics had the outermost presence in ResearchGate. In contrast, humanities had not any somber activities in Research Gate. Although, criteria for knowledge production and researchers interaction in  sciences are not conclusive, it seems that interaction of humanity professors with the Web and its potentials could result in formation of new ideas for future research.  It is concluded that in new era of education, web sites like: ACADEMIA, Research Gate, Mandalay would have an immense role in the development of research activities.

Conlcusion: It should be noted that in the new era of research and education, science, social networking websites such as: Academia, ResearchGate and Mandalay a key role in the training and development of their research. Establishing some workshops on using academic social networks can affect on knowledge of scholars, faculty member and students and direct their information seeking way for these people

---

Background and Aim: This paper seeks to explore the concepts of the information commons (IC). The paper provides a look at the models and characteristics of the IC. A number of projects of the IC are presented. We will discuss the situation of an existing traditional library. It makes recommendations for converting an existing library space into an IC. A number of Challenges of implementation of the IC are explored

Methods: This is a conceptual paper, so a library study approach was chosen.

Results: Academic libraries have undergone considerable massive changes over the past decade. These changes have faced the directors of libraries with difficulties and challenges in planning of the library activities. It seems that the emergence of the IC is adaptation to the changing role of the academic libraries. The IC is a relatively new concept in the Information and Knowledge Science. The IC is described as a portal through which students and faculty will access the vast amount of information resources in the world and less a place where information is kept, as focus shifts from ownership of information to access to and management of information and smart services. There are centralized access to services and technologies, contact with the users and collaborative learning play an important role.

Conclusion. No one knows what will the academic library of the future look like? Needless to say, it will be a constantly evolving information resource with knowledgeable and skilled staff that provides fast, flexible access to digital and print information resources, fosters scholarly research in a comfortable and supportive environment, and promotes cooperative learning. The IC is a first step in that direction.

---

Background and Aim: Usually, researchers who have different levels of academic degrees, are different in terms of specialized knowledge. Also, academic degree may affect the information seeking behavior of researchers. Therefore, in this study, the difference of information seeking behavior of researchers with different academic degree for “conducting the research” and “updating scientific information” was investigated.
Methods: Survey method was used to conduct the research. In order to gather data, self made questionnaire was used. We have not sampled. In total, 140 researchers (70%), out of the 200, completed the questionnaires. Data were analyzed with descriptive and analytical statistics methods and were performed using IBM SPSS 22. In order to analysis the data, Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman's tests were used.
Results: Findings showed that the use of “journal articles” (high and very high more than 90%) was a top priority of “PhD and master students” and “PhDs”. In order to access scientific information, “PhD and master students" and “masters/professional doctors” mostly used “communication and consultation with Iranian experts and researchers” (high and very high with 75%) and “personal experiences” (high and very high with 65%). While minimal use of “communication and consultation with foreign experts and researchers” (low and never with 56%) and “participating in foreign congresses” (low and never with 69%) was used by “masters/professional doctors”.
Conclusion: Just in using the "journal articles" was significant difference in order to "update scientific information" and "research" (p<0.05). “PhD and master students”, compared to other levels of education, used “journal articles” more. While, in using the “communication and consultation with foreign experts and researchers”, “participating in foreign congresses”, and “personal experiences”, there was significant differences; So that, PhDs used them more than the others.

---

Background and Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify managers' viewpoints toward the status of components of the cybernetic pattern in academic libraries.
Method: This research was method by analytical survey method. The statistical population of the study consisted of 753 directors and librarians of the central libraries of Tehran and other cities. 250 People were selected by stratified random sampling and based on Krejcie and Morgan table (Powell, 2006). Data collection for this study through a questionnaire According to Byrne Baum (2003), the opinions of experts and specialists in this research. The 6-item questionnaire consists of monitoring and control, links, decision-making, hierarchy, and leadership, which are based on the Likert spectrum of managers surveyed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-20 software.
Results: The results of this study showed that all components of the cybernetic pattern have been considered from the viewpoint of the managers of academic libraries and have a good position in academic libraries. Among the sub-components of the cybernetic component, the sub-components of the social component with a mean of 36.16, the minor component of the graft, with a mean of 48/15, the subsystem of the causal circuit with an average of 7.75, the minor component of decision making sources with a mean of 49. 15, sub-component divided system by 12/12and cognitive component subscales with an average of 8.49 above the average of other sub-components of the cybernetic pattern in academic libraries.
Conclusion The results of this study showed that components of the cybernetic pattern have a good place in academic libraries, which can indicate the knowledge of the managers of academic libraries about the structure, goals, tasks, services and functions of academic libraries. According to the results of the research, it is advisable to pay more attention to the social role of users of the library in their library management structure in their interactions and to direct them, and to provide the basis for the commitment of human resources through social participation in the process of work and interaction with more management.
 

---

Background and Purpose: Knowledge management is a process that helps organizations in identify, select, organize, publication and transfer unstructured information and skills. Today, this experience has failed in some organizations about knowledge management. Academic libraries are also subject to similar conditions as an organization. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and compare the barriers of knowledge flow in the libraries of State and Islamic Azad universities.
Methodology: The research method is a survey-analytical type. Data collected using a questionnaire from managers of 120 central libraries of universities. For statistical analysis, simple t-test is used.
Findings: The dimensions of the source of knowledge and the technical and technological factors of knowledge in the libraries of the public and private universities are significant, meaning that the conditions of the libraries of state universities are better. Comparing the results of communication channels, management and individual factors, there was no significant difference, although managerial barriers were evident in both groups. In the context of comparing knowledge management processes, in the process of access and knowledge sharing, the libraries of public universities have a better performance than Islamic Azad universities, but in the processes of creation, identification, aggregation, review, and use of knowledge of state-run university libraries differs little from the libraries of Islamic Azad universities.
Conclusion: Considering the position and position of libraries, especially university libraries, in the process of knowledge management, in order to overcome obstacle challenges, improve and improve their current status, efficient management should be achieved, defined and operational strategic objectives It is important to consider employees as the main pillars of knowledge managers and to use the information technology tool effectively.

---

Purpose: The aim of this research is to determine the role of public and academic libraries in disseminating of health information and comparing of the two types of libraries with each other.

Method: The research method is applied with descriptive-survey. The sample size was determined by using the Morgan table, 379 people. The questionnaires were distributed using Quotas sampling method. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software and it was analyzied with the descriptive and inferential tests.

Results: Findings showed that according to the mean score of the components of the test, receiving health information in libraries has had acceptable and good results for users. Also, in terms of comparison between general and academic library and components of health information among the 5 components (role of library, results of receiving, usefulness, use of resources and access barriers), in terms of barriers to access to information There is a significant difference in the health of the library between public and academic libraries. However, there are no other significant differences between the four other components. Also, there was no significant relationship between sex, age, education, occupation and income level using health information in the library.
Conclusion: The library has a significant role in the dissemination of health information, but for some reason, such as not knowing users about the health information resources in the library and some barriers to accessing these resources, many users do not use library health information resources. Finally, suggestions are made according to the results of the research to improve the role of the library and more users

---

Background and Aim: The present study aimed at investigating the factors affecting the unplanned behavior of users to use academic library resources and services.
Methods: The present study is considered as being an applied one in terms of purpose ,and it has has been conducted using descriptive-survey method. Research population consist of the students of central libraries at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Shahid Chamran universty of Ahwaz, universities of Tabriz and Shiraz, as well as the Tehran Univrsity. Having determined the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, 700 questionnaires were distributed among the participants and 654 questionnaires have been analyzed applying stratified random sampling method based on the population size. Path analysis and LISREL software have been used in order for data analysis to be carried out.
Results: The results shows that the environmental factors and also the ones associated with technology affect the students’ unplanned behavior as far as using resources and services of university libraries through the situational factor of time are concerned. In addition, the data resources and services have no direct or indirect influence on the incidence of these behaviors.
Conclusion: Libraries should pay a special attention to the factors affecting the clients’ unplanned behavior, especially the ones whose impact has been proven including "environmental factors", "factors associated with technology", and the "accessible time ". This way, it will be possible for the libraries to have an optimized and efficient use of their resources and services. The result of paying attention to these factors will be the greater use of library resources and services, attracted audiences, and an increased level of awareness and information of users.

---

Background and Aim: This article studies the information literacy skills of Kurdistan University graduate students and its relationship with their information grounds.  
Methods: The research used descriptive-correlation survey methodology. The statistical population consisted of 1977 Master degree students at University of Kurdistan and 321 members thereof selected by stratified random method for research sample. Data collected by a questionnaire including two sections for identification of the students’ information grounds and information literacy skills. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were used for data analysis.
Results: Kurdistan University graduate students overall information literacy was above average and desirable in five literacy skills. Results on the relationship between research variables showed that there is a positive and strong correlation between academic information grounds and information literacy competencies. Correlation between scientific information grounds and information literacy competencies is positive and suitable where it is positive and moderate between public information grounds and information literacy competencies. There is a negative correlation between first and second information literacy competencies and information grounds; straight and positive correlation between third and fourth information literacy competencies with grounds and fifth information literacy competency and information grounds correlation is insignificant but negative. It is concluded that priorities among three dimensions is for academic and scientific information needs but public information needs is less concerned and deficiency should be improved.
Conclusion: Article is valuable for information literacy competencies recognition and its advantages for correlation indication between information literacy and information grounds and policy making on research population.

---

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of increasing positive mood and academic-emotional, behavioral and cognitive enthusiasm on the decision-making power in interacting with information in technical engineering male students of Noushirani University.
Methodology: The research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical sample in this study is 70 available samples from Noushirani technical engineering male students in the academic year 2019-1400. The sampling method in this research is simple random. To determine the sample size in this research, the Kargesi Morgan table was used. To collect data, the questionnaire of effective factors in increasing positive mood and the academic enthusiasm scale - behavioral, emotional, and cognitive enthusiasm and the decision-making power questionnaire were used. Data analysis was done using software (PLS).
Findings: The results indicated that the effect of positive mood on decision-making power had a significant value of 7.743, which is significant at the 95% confidence level. The effect of academic enthusiasm on decision-making power has a significant value of 8.579, which is significant at the 95% confidence level, so the researcher's claim is confirmed with a probability of 95%. Also, all three components of this variable, including behavioral passion-emotional passion, and cognitive passion, have had a positive and significant impact on decision-making power at the 95% confidence level. Based on this, it can be said that the two variables of academic enthusiasm and positive mood together affect decision-making power by 86.9%.
Conclusion: All three components of academic enthusiasm, including behavioral enthusiasm, emotional enthusiasm, and cognitive enthusiasm, had an impact on decision-making power. Also, a positive mood has a positive effect on decision-making power.