Human Information Interaction

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Background and Aim: Social media because of its interactive nature and the fact that it is   being free of charge is widely used in libraries. Web 2.0 is a tool that offers permanent connection every time and offers educational programs without limitations of place and time. But what is included in social media application in public libraries and what obstacles and problems are there in the way of using these tools in libraries. So, the main objective was to survey librarians’ viewpoints in Kermanshah on social media and obstacles that exists in its use. 

Method: This is a qualitative research using insightful interviews. 27 librarians in Kermanshah public libraries took part in the study. Sampling was done in a systematic method and continued until the saturation of information. Data analysis was done with information gathering in a subject analysis approach.

Results: Data analysis leading to extraction of 47 sub-subjects, 9 main subjects and two general categories including: Applications, obstacles and problems. 7 main subjects identified in category of applications: Publication, scientific connection and promotion, position promotion, utilization of services and use of library, improvement of processes, recognition and gaining of support. Also, in the category of personal problems, obstacles and non-personal problems two main subjects were identified.

Conclusion: Due to the immensity and diversity of public libraries  services for divergent users, social media have an additional and diverse applications.  Also, because of socio-  economic, cultural and social conditions in public libraries, there are numerous obstacles in use of these tools. However,  with the exclusion of obstacles - in reaching the objectives of public libraries -  promotion of citizens' per study could optimize applications of social media as a influential tool

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Background and aim: An important factor to tendency for read and increase per capita reading is enjoy the reading. Pleasure reading has significant impact on the continuity of reading and lifelong readers. This is very important in Iran due low per capita. It must be understood what factors are influencing and creating of Pleasure reading. Therefore, this study aim is, identify the experiences of Kermanshah public librarians and public libraries’ members about effective factors on Pleasure reading.

Methods: This study was qualitative methodological approach and methodology, subject analysis. Data were collected using in-deep interview. The research participants consisted of 33 people who were public librarians and public libraries’ members of Kermanshah city in 2016. Sampling was done in a systematic method and continued until the saturation of information. Data analysis was done with information gathering in a subject analysis approach.

Result: Analyzing data showed 13 primary codes, 16 sub-themes and 22 themes in 2 basic subjects as internal and external factors. The internal factors included Interest, spontaneity and discretion, the notion of reading, motivations, needs and goals, forehead knowledge, feelings, application review, cognition, communication and relations and links. The external factors as issue of foundations included Family, education, libraries, content creators, content distributors, and media and as issue of the conditions and facilities included Subject matter, time, place, and reading tools.

Conclusion: The results show that Pleasure reading depends on the internal and external factors. So, on one side is individual and on the other side are factors such as family, education, libraries and like this that, both of them, with the coordination and efforts can receive to aim of Pleasure reading.

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Background and aim: The effective communication of librarians with their counterparts, referrers and relevant authorities is a major factor in the success of libraries and the need for librarians of the current age. Creating and applying effective communication is influenced by several factors. The present research seeks to identify the effective factors in the creation and application of effective communication by librarians of public libraries from the viewpoint of librarians in public libraries of Kermanshah.
Methods: this research has been done in a qualitative cognitive approach and the method is content analysis. Data has been gathered with deep interview technique. Contributors are 19 librarians of public libraries in winter 2018. Sampling was done in a purposeful method and continued up to saturation on information. The content analysis method was used to analyze the results. Data gathering was done at the same time with data gathering.
Results: The analysis of interviewing data cause the formation of 106 concepts that were categorized in 20 sub-categories and finally classified in 3 categories: individual factors, out of the library factors, and inside the library factors. 20 sub-categories include moral and personality features; appearance features; Skills and abilities; professional knowledge; experience; demographic characteristics of librarians; personal beliefs and type of viewpoint; physical and psychological conditions of the librarian; cultural factors; demographic characteristics of the audience; Ethical and personality characteristics of the audience; Physical and mental conditions of the audience; Capacity and ability of the audience; The audience's attitude toward the library and librarian; Need and aim; education; job satisfaction; environmental conditions; human and physical facilities, organizational chart, and administrative rules
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that some factors as effective barriers to effective communication, have a negative effect on the creation and realization of the relationship, while others have a positive effect. Some factors are directly communicative skills that must be learned or reinforced in person, and others are factors that provide the setting for the advent and maintenance of effective communication.
 

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Background and Aim: Technologies such as social networks have provided new opportunities for health and social interactions, and the promotion of attitudes such as the attitudes of health control and improving the health literacy in society. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between the use of social networks with the health literacy of Ilam public library users.
Methods: The present study has used questionnaire based survey method. The statistical population of this study is 4696 users of public libraries in Ilam. Based on Morgan's table, 351 individuals were selected as sample size. The questionnaire was distributed by using of stratified random sampling method. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical tests were used by SPSS 19 software.
Results: The Findings showed that the components average of users in receiving health literacy information was at a sensible level and, due to the importance of those components, users began to utilize social networks in the field of health literacy. Also, the findings showed that there was a significant relationship between users' use of social networks and health literacy and the components (access, reading, understanding, assessment, application), so that by increasing the use of social networks, the health literacy of users increases as well.
Conclusion: According to the findings, it can be concluded that public libraries, universities and centers related to health cooperate so that held suitable conditions in social networks with the aim of experience sharing and expanding the level of health literacy of users by taking into account issues related to user information confidentiality and so that new facilities and conditions can be provided library users, institutions and planners in this field.

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Aim: The purpose of the study is to examine familiarity and application of smart technologies {Radio-frequency identification (RFID),  Quick Response code(QR),    Near-Field-Communication Mobile (NFC)} on customer relationship management (CRM).
Methodology: An applied study collecting data via Stokić, Stojanović, Bogdanović, Despotović-Zrakić, Radenković questionnaire. Population consisted of 160  Public librarians  in Ardabil province.  Data analyzed by Pearson Correlation Coefficients. 
Results: With the advent of information technology, most library services have been transformed. Findings shows that understanding and application of smart technologies is at an average level and reception of smart technologies is in decent condition.  Librarians  have faith in   smart technologies and the level of productivity and efficiency of librarians from the components of intelligent technologies is at a higher than average and close to the desired level. There is no significant relationship between the components of the variable "Introduction to smart technologies" to non-smart phones and the component of service quality from the variable of customer relationship management. Also, there is a significant relationship between the components of "familiarity per smart technologies" with the components of user satisfaction and user loyalty of the variable of customer relationship management.
Conclusion: Using smart technologies, notably smart phone technology, improves customer relationship management in libraries.

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Aim: today, digital literacy, as a set of skills that enable people to use digital space effectively for success in personal, educational and professional life, has become a necessity in all societies and public libraries are one of the most important providers of digital literacy education in the world. Digital literacy education has not been considered in public libraries in Iran. The first step in promoting digital literacy education in Iran`s public libraries is to design courses and topics that can cover a variety of this aspects of the phenomenon. Now, the boundaries of this content art not clear, and this research seeks to design a comprehensive framework to meet this need. The purpose of this study is to present a content framework for digital literacy education to Iranian public libraries users.
Methodology: this research is a qualitative research and it`s method is qualitative content analysis. at first, the courses provided by the public libraries of Iran Were reviewed and then content analysis of digital literacy courses was conducted in public libraries of developed countries. 16 libraries were selected from English speaking countries that hold digital literacy courses and share information on their websites by cluster sampling with probability proportional to size. To perform Delphi, Experts from the fields of library and information science and information technology, and public libraries professionals were selected.
Findings: 9 courses were identified and after compiling a questio0nnaire and preforming two Delphi rounds, these courses were reduced to 8 main courses and 37 sub-courses. These courses were included computer, internet, job management, information literacy, financial literacy, learning skills, effective communication skills and how to work with smartphones. Software courses were not considered suitable by specialists. This seems to be due to the different groups of society and the heterogeneous community of public libraries users and the experts do not see this as a readiness in the society to receive software related courses.
Conclusion: digital literacy education in Iran has generally neglected. Generally, digital literacy education in universities and educational institutions is provided in formal computer training courses. Libraries in general have paid very little attention to the issue of education.  the first step in advancing digital literacy education in public libraries is designing courses that can covers the various aspects of this phenomenon. Educational content is also one of the sides of the education triangle (learner, educator and educational content). However today the boundaries of this content are not clear and this study try to design a comprehensive framework to meet this need.

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Purpose: The purpose is to classify the components of SERVQUAL services quality in public libraries based on Kano's customer satisfaction model, prioritize them based on the Asymmetric Impact‌-Performance Analysis and, determining the classification of SERVQUAL components according to users’ groups.
Methodology: This is an applied descriptive survey. Population included active members aged 15 and older in the five public libraries of Qaemshahr, Iran.  Stratified random sampling was used. Instruments included customer satisfaction and SERVQUAL questionnaires.  Multiple regression analysis conducted, creating two Dummy Variables of penalty and reward. SERVQUAL components were classified into three groups of: Basic, performance and excitement services. Asymmetric Impact‌-Performance Analysis on overall users’ satisfaction was   calculated.
Findings: Shows that accountability features of the group of basic services with high-performance, characteristics of responsiveness in the group of performance services with low-performance, and the three characteristics of physical dimensions with low performance, reliability and empathy, and attention with high-performance are in the group of excitement services. Prioritization features identified increasing and maintaining level of performance of: 1) responsiveness; 2) physical dimension; 3) responsibility; 4) reliability; and 5) empathy and attention.  Moreover, demographic features exhibited that women were more satisfied. Age, education, and history of using the library has increased users' satisfaction. With the surge of the level of users' satisfaction with the physical dimensions and reliability has increased then the level of satisfaction with empathy and attention has decreased.
Conclusion: This study was first to enter the literature of nonlinear analysis of users' satisfaction by Kano's model and Asymmetric Impact‌-Performance Analysis measuring service quality of public libraries. Nonlinear analysis enabled the determination of priority of actions based on positive/negative performance compared to linear regression coefficient. Also, disclosed the variation of level of satisfaction of diverse groups of users in terms of gender, age, education and history of use.

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Purpose: The purpose was to determine the attitude of Illam’s public librarians regarding online privacy.
Method: This is an applied survey research.  Out of the population of public Librerians in Illam,  136 public librarians were selected as a sample. Toman and McKinnon (2018) questionnaire was the intruemnt used to collect data. The questionnaire reliability of 0.91   was obtained through Cronbach's alpha. In order to analyze the data, frequency distribution tables and chi-square test were used by SPSS.
Findings: Librarians are concerned that government and corporations collect a great deal of personal information about them, and believe that government agencies and institutions should not share individuals' personal information with third parties except with the individual's consent.
Conclusion: There is an increased concerns about privacy in the libraries, which has amplified over the last five years. Public libraries do not teach online privacy expertise to users and librarians. Also, some librarians believe that libraries have no policy on protecting users' privacy. Public libraries in Ilam province should take additional stern measures to protect the online privacy of librarians and users and formulate policies in this area, as well as explain the existing policies to the librarians.