Mohammad Hossein Mahdavi- Adeli, Mohammad Ali Falahi, Ghahraman Abdoli, Jalal Dehnavi,
Volume 5, Issue 15 (3-2014)
Abstract
Establishment of the Gas Exporting Countries Forum in Tehran in 2001 has proved to be one of the most important changes in the gas market. Establishment of the forum has sparked the concern among the consuming countries that a cartel is being formed in the gas market, resulting in the disturbance of supply security and gas price rise. Evidence so suggests the forum is facing fundamental obstacles to form a cartel or any other influential institution. On the other hand, considering the remarkable fall in gas prices during last months, it is necessary to present a model for determining the GECF Members Gas Export Quotas to decrease the gas supply and to increase gas prices. In this paper, we present a model which if it is applied by the GECF members we can expect that gas prices will increase. Hence in this paper first we present two mechanisms for determining the GECF member’s quotas, then considering the current situation of the members in natural gas market the optimal rationing mechanism selected. Besides, for determining the total optimal amount of production in each period as optimal total export of forum two different methods present. The first is more complicated but more accurate.
Mr Nader Hashemnezhad, Dr Sajjad Barkhordari, Dr Ghahreman Abdoli,
Volume 14, Issue 52 (9-2023)
Abstract
Bitcoin is the leader of cryptocurrencies and has the largest market value as a digital asset in most international investment portfolios. However, compared to traditional assets, the nature of this cryptocurrency is not clear from a behavioral perspective. Examining this by following the behavior of the distribution tail or limit behaviors is one of the methods that can help researchers about the nature of this cryptocurrency, because this corresponds to the investigation of limit behaviors and in critical times of this currency. In this regard, this research has used quantile regression to estimate CAViaR models. In addition, to study the effect of each variable on the Bitcoin trend, the GARCH approach has also been used.
The results of this research for the daily period from 2018 June 26 to 2022 May 11, Wednesday, showed that by analyzing the 5% percentile quantile regression, examining the behavior of the right tail of Bitcoin distribution, the behavioral similarity of this currency with all the investigated assets is confirmed. This shows that in a situation where the returns of traditional financial markets are positive and the markets are rising, the behavior of cryptocurrencies aligns with the general behavior of the markets. However, examining the behavior of the left tail of the distribution of the variables shows that Bitcoin has no similarity in behavior with the rest of the traditional assets. In other words, when markets are bearish, Bitcoin's behavior is not aligned with traditional markets. However, the return of the homogenous index does not affect the trend of Bitcoin, which was predictable due to the non-compliance of domestic financial markets with international markets due to Iran's economic isolation and international sanctions. Therefore, until the period investigated by this study, Bitcoin has shown a behavior other than known assets and investing in it is still facing the risk of capital burnout, so it is recommended that investors observe risk management in the arrangement of their portfolios.
