Showing 29 results for Type of Study: توسعه ای
Samira Motaghi,
Volume 8, Issue 30 (12-2017)
Abstract
The present paper reviews the impact of the development situation of 3 groups of selected developing countries on environment over the period of 1990 – 2014 using by Environment Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. For this, it uses economic, social, human and political development factors with the variables that are as follows: GDP, GDP2 and energy consumption as economic development indicators, Urbanization as social and life expectancy at birth and fertility rates as human development indicators and good governance used as political indicator. The results show an inverted U-shaped relationship real GDP per capita and CO2 emission in oil-exporting and whole sample and a U-shaped in non-oil – exporting countries. In addition, the estimated results show a meaningful relationship between the CO2 emission and real GDP, energy use fertility rate, expectancy at birth and urbanization (development situation) in all three groups of the country.
Mahdi Ghaemi Asl, Elahe Ghasemi Nik,
Volume 10, Issue 35 (3-2019)
Abstract
In this research, the factors affecting assets quality in banking system of Iran and some implications for creating appropriate buffers of liquidity and non-performing loans in bank assets management has been investigated. In order to that, statistical data related to macroeconomic variables and financial statements of 30 banks from 2006 to 2016 have been used in the framework of a dynamic panel specification. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between inflation rate, domestic gross production growth rate, bank share of total revenues, market Structure and bank liquidity with asset quality, but the growth rate of facilities and special and general reserves for non-performing loans have no significant effect on asset quality. Thus, the framework and the amount of special and general reserves for non-performing loans (unlike the liquidity buffer) failed to provide the necessary buffer to improve the quality of bank assets; so, one of the most important reasons for the persistent aggravation and lack of management of the volume of non-performing loans in banking system is dysfunctional and non-observance of the law in the maintenance of special and general reserves. The main requirement for correcting these conditions is to closely monitor the volume of reserves before refinancing and double overdraft from the central bank and other banks and credit institutions.
Akbar Hassanpoor, Mohsen Khezri,
Volume 10, Issue 38 (12-2019)
Abstract
Utilities and services can be divided into two types of public and private goods in terms of the nature of pricing. Urban bus services are pure private goods that have positive externality. The Mohering effect is one of the most important externality of bus services, which in fact justifies the philosophy and nature of subsidies by the municipality and the government. In this study, monetary calculation models of Mohering effect was explained and an optimal pricing model is provided for urban bus services. The results show that the optimal pricing model differs sharply from the Tehran Municipality bus ticket pricing policy.The empirical estimation of the model also shows the large difference between the current prices and the subsidy payment with the optimal values extracted from the proposed model.
Javad Barati,
Volume 10, Issue 38 (12-2019)
Abstract
The impacts of the tourism industry on economic growth can be divided into two categories: direct and indirect (spillover) effects. In the field of tourism, direct impacts have been the subject of many studies but the analysis of spillover effects, particularly the effects from tourism infrastructure development, have received less attention. This study, with an analytical approach and along with examining the quantitative methods and analysis of the spillover effects of various variables affecting the development of the tourism industry, has investigated these impacts for each the variables and in each province. For this purpose, it has used spatial econometric models. The results confirmed the existence of spatial fixed effects and was applied Spatial Durbin Model (based on Lagrange coefficient test). The results show a positive and significant impact of transport infrastructure variables (road, rail, air) and travel agencies on the growth of value added in the tourism industry. Investigation of the spillover effects of infrastructure variables on growth of value added has shown that, except for Accommodation services, other tourism infrastructure variables have negative spillover effects for neighboring provinces, and also have positive spillover effects for other (non-neighbor) provinces. The negative spillover effects on the tourism growth of the neighbor provinces are due to competition impact and relative stability in the number of domestic tourists, and the positive spillover effects on non-neighbor provinces are due to factors such as the development of multi-purpose trips and increased market access.
Jafar Zhilaei Aghdam, Ali Reza Daghighiasli, Marjan Daman Kashide, Ali Asmailpor Magari,
Volume 11, Issue 40 (6-2020)
Abstract
The relationship between external debt and economic growth is one of the important issues in macroeconomics literature and has been considered in empirical studies. So, in this paper the long-run relationship among external government debt and economic growth in 58 selected developing countries for 1985-2018 by applying a pool mean group method which is suggested by Pesaran & Smith. The main empirical results showed that there is a long-run relationship between external debt and economic growth. Also, increase in growth in selected countries in addition to the influence of produce factors, labor, capital stock and monetary policy, influence of public debt. Also, capital stock, open economic, financial balance and saving variables has positive effect and population growth and Government revenue has negative effect on economic growth.
Roozbeh Balounejad Nouri, Amirali Farhang,
Volume 12, Issue 45 (11-2021)
Abstract
This paper aims at investigating the asymmetric impact of long-term and short-term macroeconomic variables on the capital market prices of Iran.Macroeconomic variables are inflation, exchange rate, non-oil trade balance and crude oil prices. In order to investigate these relationships, the quantile autoregressive distributed lag (QARDL) method introduced by Cho et al. (2015) has been used. For this purpose, monthly data related to Iran's economy in the period 2008: M9-2021: M6, have been used. Findings show that in the short run, the macro variables used except the trade balance and oil prices have an asymmetric effect on the capital market price index. In the long run, all variables except oil price have an asymmetric effect on the stock price index and the effect of oil price is symmetrical and significant. This conclusion shows that in situations where the stock market price index is in a state of prosperity, recession or normal, except for oil prices, the effect of research variables on this index is not the same and even this effect is different in the short and long term.
Edris Karimi, Zahra Faturechi,
Volume 13, Issue 48 (9-2022)
Abstract
Today, benefits from energy sources, especially non-renewable sources, can have various effects on economic indicators, and for this reason, it has risks for the economy and society. One of these important economic indicators is income inequality, which over time leads to many problems for societies. In this research, the effect of dependence on non-renewable natural resources on the income inequality of developed countries has been investigated. This dependence has been re-examined by separating non-renewable resources into fossil and non-fossil resources. The data of the study was collected from 25 developed countries during the years 1990 to 2019, and after making sure that no false regressions occurred during the estimation, an econometric study was conducted between the variables. According to the short-term and long-term estimation results obtained from the consolidated group average approach, it was determined that although in the short-term dependence on natural resources has no effect on income distribution, in the long-term two variables dependence on total non-renewable natural resources and dependence on fossil non-renewable natural resources have a negative effect and Significant as well as the variable of dependence on non-renewable non-fossil natural resources had a negative and insignificant effect on inequality. It was also determined that the control variables used such as: education, globalization and institutional quality can reduce income inequality in developed countries.
Mr Hamed Pourakbar, Dr Eskandari Sabzi, Dr Amir Ali Farhang, Dr Rostam Garehdaghi,
Volume 13, Issue 50 (3-2023)
Abstract
Recently, time-varying uncertainty has attracted a lot of attention from policymakers and academics and has led to the growth of literature identifying the transmission mechanisms of uncertainty shocks. Precautionary pricing incentive is an important mechanism that amplifies uncertainty shocks. The conclusion from the comparison of allocations under optimal monetary policies is modeled in two common pricing approaches, Calvo and Rotemberg. The main goal of this research is to investigate the optimal monetary policy with uncertainty in Iran's economy under different pricing conditions by modeling two common pricing approaches, Calvo and Rotemberg, which is based on a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model based on the new Keynesian perspective using The available information and statistics of Iran's economy from 2001 to 2021, have been designed according to the realities of Iran's economy. The results showed that the uncertainty shocks under Calvo and Rotemberg's pricing assumptions when the monetary policy is adjusted based on Taylor's empirical law are spread differently in the Iranian economy. In such a way that they behave like cost pressure shocks under Calvo pricing and negative demand shocks under Rotemberg pricing. However, the optimal monetary policy leads to the stabilization of both inflation and output gap under both pricing assumptions. In other words, adopting optimal monetary policies can lead to economic stability. Because optimal monetary policy removes not only the discretionary savings incentive of households but also the discretionary pricing incentive of firms, the key channel differentiates Calvo's pricing prediction from Rothenberg's pricing prediction under empirical Taylor. According to the results of the present research, it is suggested to use the monetary rule for policy-making to create a nominal anchor for economic actors and not to use discretionary policies in order not to create inflationary expectations in the economy.
Mr Abdolah Afshari, Mr Teimour Mohammadi, Mr Farhad Ghaffari,
Volume 13, Issue 50 (3-2023)
Abstract
This research investigated the effects of oil revenue decreases as a non-linear model based on Threshold Vector auto-regression(TVAR), with an emphasis on Iran’s sanctions during the period of 2003–2021 with seasonal data. Real oil revenue growth was selected as a threshold variable; during the two regimes, the threshold was selected as -0. 021 for oil revenues, and by the generalized impulse response functions(GIRF), the effects of oil revenue increases on economic growth were investigated. Results revealed that shocks of oil revenue in upward and downward regimes had different effects on economic growth rates. The effects of shocks of oil revenue on economic growth in a downward regime were positive until the second period, and after that, they decreased, and after the sixth period, the economic growth was negative. And in the upward regime, it was positive, and after the first period, it decreased at a lower rate than in the downward regime and finally tended to zero. Finally, it can be concluded that the effects of oil revenue decreases on economic growth rate were more in the downward regime than upward, revealing that sanctions and decreases of oil revenue have a great impact on reductions of production and economic growth. Therefore, it is recommended that the government, by implementing true politics and economic programs in line with the reduction of sanctions, reduce the sanctions' effects on production and economic growth.
