Showing 26 results for Growth
Hassan Daliri,
Volume 11, Issue 39 (3-2020)
Abstract
This study examines the Kuznets environmental curve among D8 countries in the period 1961–2016. The Kuznets environmental curve shows the reversed U-shaped relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. In this paper, two methods of time series estimation and smooth panel transition estimation were used to test the hypothesis of this relationship. Also, the ecological footprint index was used as an indicator of environmental degradation. The time series estimation results show that there is a nonlinear relationship in all D8 countries but the classical Kuznets hypothesis was confirmed only in Malaysia, Egypt and Turkey and in other countries the relationship was not inverted U. In Iran, the relationship between GDP per capita and the per capita ecological footprint is N-shaped, and at the GDP levels of $5864 and $10514, the relationship between the two variables will change. On the other hand, testing of the Kuznets hypothesis by using panel smooth transition models showed that there was a nonlinear relationship between GDP and ecological footprint in D8 countries with a threshold. There was a direct relationship between ecological footprint and GDP per capita when economic growth below 8.3 percent and reverse relationship when economic growth above 8.3 percent
Jafar Zhilaei Aghdam, Ali Reza Daghighiasli, Marjan Daman Kashide, Ali Asmailpor Magari,
Volume 11, Issue 40 (6-2020)
Abstract
The relationship between external debt and economic growth is one of the important issues in macroeconomics literature and has been considered in empirical studies. So, in this paper the long-run relationship among external government debt and economic growth in 58 selected developing countries for 1985-2018 by applying a pool mean group method which is suggested by Pesaran & Smith. The main empirical results showed that there is a long-run relationship between external debt and economic growth. Also, increase in growth in selected countries in addition to the influence of produce factors, labor, capital stock and monetary policy, influence of public debt. Also, capital stock, open economic, financial balance and saving variables has positive effect and population growth and Government revenue has negative effect on economic growth.
Hassan Dargahi, Mojtaba Ghasemi, Sajjad Fatollahi,
Volume 11, Issue 40 (6-2020)
Abstract
This study investigates the relation between bounced checks and economic growth through the banking credit risk channel by estimation of a simultaneous equation system with panel data for 31 Iranian provinces covers the years from 2011 to 2015. For this purpose, after identifying determinants of the bounced checks, the relations of this variable with the non-performing loans, banking loans and economic growth are evaluated. The results confirm the positive relationship between the bounced checks to GDP ratio and the prices index, whereas the impacts of output deviation from trend and the index of enforcement of laws on the bounced checks are negative. In times of stagflation, with the decreasing possibility of defaults, the bounced checks tend to grow. Also, with the development of legal and judicial system in the country with a view to boosting institutional and governance quality, the number of bounced checks decreases on the scale of economic activities. On the other hand, the number of bounced checks after fixing the control variables will lead to an increase of non-performing loans and the bank credit risk. Meanwhile the impact of bank loans on economic growth through the productivity channel is meaningful and positive. Therefore, in the Iranian economy the increase of bounced checks through the channel of bank loaning power will have a negative influence on economic growth.
Abed Abbasidarkhaneh, Farid Askari, Abdolrahim Hashemi Dizaj,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (12-2020)
Abstract
In this study, using linear and nonlinear Granger causality methods and regression switching, the relationships between the returns of important industry indices in the period 2008 to 2019 in order to invest in economic growth and development were examined. Based on the results obtained in the two periods of 2008 to 2013 and 2018 to 2019: 6, the relationship between the returns of the studied industry index has reached the highest value. In the linear Granger causality approach based on centrality criteria, the returns of metals index, machinery and investment are the most important and the returns of communication and banking index are the least important. It can also be said that the degree of effectiveness and efficiency of industry index returns is well affected by the amount of stock market fluctuations and this importance is asymmetric. In the nonlinear Granger causality approach based on the centrality criterion, the communication sector is the least important and the basic metals, chemical and machinery industries are the most important. In the period 2018 to 2019, the banking sector, automotive and communications industries are the most important and oil and metal products are the least important for investment.
Dr. Mohammad Hassanzadeh, Mrs Mina Barghinejad,
Volume 13, Issue 48 (9-2022)
Abstract
Government investment and public debt are two important tools of financial policy affecting macroeconomic performance, which can be considered as one of the few remaining policy instruments to support growth. In the current study, the panel smooth transition regression model (PSTR) has been used to identify the threshold levels of government investment and public debt in 23 oil exporting countries during 2000 to 2021. Considering investment and public debt in separate models as transmission variables, the estimated results indicate the existence of a two-regime non-linear relationship. The estimation results show that in this group of countries, the positive effects of government investment on economic growth increase with the increase in the level of investment. During the first regime, public debt has a negative effect on economic growth. If public debt surpasses the threshold level, its negative impact on economic growth decreases.
Mr Abdolah Afshari, Mr Teimour Mohammadi, Mr Farhad Ghaffari,
Volume 13, Issue 50 (3-2023)
Abstract
This research investigated the effects of oil revenue decreases as a non-linear model based on Threshold Vector auto-regression(TVAR), with an emphasis on Iran’s sanctions during the period of 2003–2021 with seasonal data. Real oil revenue growth was selected as a threshold variable; during the two regimes, the threshold was selected as -0. 021 for oil revenues, and by the generalized impulse response functions(GIRF), the effects of oil revenue increases on economic growth were investigated. Results revealed that shocks of oil revenue in upward and downward regimes had different effects on economic growth rates. The effects of shocks of oil revenue on economic growth in a downward regime were positive until the second period, and after that, they decreased, and after the sixth period, the economic growth was negative. And in the upward regime, it was positive, and after the first period, it decreased at a lower rate than in the downward regime and finally tended to zero. Finally, it can be concluded that the effects of oil revenue decreases on economic growth rate were more in the downward regime than upward, revealing that sanctions and decreases of oil revenue have a great impact on reductions of production and economic growth. Therefore, it is recommended that the government, by implementing true politics and economic programs in line with the reduction of sanctions, reduce the sanctions' effects on production and economic growth.
