Alireza Kazerouni, Hosein Asgharpour, Ali Aghamohamadi, Elham Zokaei Alamdari,
Volume 10, Issue 37 (10-2019)
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between per capita income and per capita dioxide emissions in the form of a new definition of the Environmental Kuznets Curve, to investigate how corruption influences the income level at the turning point of the relationship between per capita dioxide emissions and income, in developed and developing countries the period 1994-2013 through the use of a panel data model. Our results support the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for developed countries and existence of an U-shaped relation for developing countries. We find evidence that the higher the country's degree of corruption, the higher the per capita income at the turning point for developed countries and the lower the per capita income at the turning point for developing countries than when corruption is not accounted for. Also, the share of renewable energy in both groups of countries has a negative and significant effect on per capita dioxide emissions, but the positive effect of urbanization rate in developed countries is significant and in developing countries is not.
Edris Karimi, Zahra Faturechi,
Volume 13, Issue 48 (9-2022)
Abstract
Today, benefits from energy sources, especially non-renewable sources, can have various effects on economic indicators, and for this reason, it has risks for the economy and society. One of these important economic indicators is income inequality, which over time leads to many problems for societies. In this research, the effect of dependence on non-renewable natural resources on the income inequality of developed countries has been investigated. This dependence has been re-examined by separating non-renewable resources into fossil and non-fossil resources. The data of the study was collected from 25 developed countries during the years 1990 to 2019, and after making sure that no false regressions occurred during the estimation, an econometric study was conducted between the variables. According to the short-term and long-term estimation results obtained from the consolidated group average approach, it was determined that although in the short-term dependence on natural resources has no effect on income distribution, in the long-term two variables dependence on total non-renewable natural resources and dependence on fossil non-renewable natural resources have a negative effect and Significant as well as the variable of dependence on non-renewable non-fossil natural resources had a negative and insignificant effect on inequality. It was also determined that the control variables used such as: education, globalization and institutional quality can reduce income inequality in developed countries.
