Showing 8 results for Employment
Hossein Amiri, Dr Ebrahim Gorji,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (3-2011)
Abstract
The Phillips curve usually has been estimated in a linear framework which implies a stable constant relationship between inflation and unemployment. Some of the studies claim that the slope of the Phillips curve is a function of macroeconomic conditions and also the relationship is asymmetric. This article deals with a smooth transition regression model for relationship between inflation and unemployment for Iran, during the period of 1971 -2007. Smooth transition regression model is a non linear time series regression model which could be considered as developed form of regime switching regression model. Results show that there is a negative and nonlinear relationship between inflation and unemployment in short-term. Regarding this result it's highly important for policy makers to be able to make a relationship between these two variables
Dr Hassan Taee, Dr Javid Bahrami, Sima Bagheri,
Volume 4, Issue 13 (10-2013)
Abstract
One of the empirical relationships that have been used to study the dynamics of labor market is the Beveridge curve -the scatter plot of unemployment rates versus vacancy rates- that is used to summarize the state of that market. The starting point for deriving the Beveridge curve is a matching function between unemployed workers and vacant jobs.
In this research, provincial data are combined to estimate the Beveridge curve and the matching function of Iran. The matching function is estimated using provincial data for the period 1993-2008 and for estimating the Beveridge curve, provincial data for period 2005-2008 are used. The outcomes imply that the number of unemployed workers and vacant jobs has a positive and significant relationship with successful job matches. The elasticity of matching function for the unemployed and job vacancies equals 0.24 and 0.79, respectively. The Beveridge curve depicts a convex and negative relationship between unemployment rate and vacancy rate, although the relationship is not strong.
Dr Ahmad Jafari Samimi, Saman Ghaderi, Salahaddin Ghaderi, Taha Ketabi,
Volume 4, Issue 13 (10-2013)
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of trade openness and economic globalization on employment. This study employs the Bounds test method and Autoregressive Distributed Lag(ARDL) model for Iranian economy during 1979-2009. Comparing with the other empirical studies, this study in addition to traditional index of trade liberalization as trade openness has been applied the new and more comprehensive economic globalization index as one dimension of the new KOF globalization index. This index includes the actual flows of trade such as trade, foreign direct investment and portfolio investment, and restrictions such as trade barriers and tariffs on actual flows. Also, the other control variables effective in employment such as GDP per capita, industrialization and government size has been considered. The results show a negative relationship between trade openness and employment but they show that the impact of economic globalization on employment is positive. Thus, it seems that the new economic globalization (KOF index) which is a broader comprehensive index is a better proxy of globalization.
Ahmad Googerdchian, Komail Tayyebi, Effat Ghazavi,
Volume 5, Issue 17 (10-2014)
Abstract
Women as half of the workforce in society can be an effective lever to promote economic and social development goals. In recent years, participation of women in development activities has increased. But the participation of women has been associated with discrimination against them. In recent years with increasing participation of women in the labor market, the income gap between men and women in the labor market is one of the most important discrimination they are facing with it. Understanding the factors affecting women's employment and the impact of these factors on the wage level and understanding the factors affecting the gender gap, can be very useful in reducing discrimination and achieving sustainable desirable development.
With attention, in this study, we tried to analyze influence employment, productivity, education and educating of men and women on decrease gender gap in wages paid to an econometric model. Theoretical basis of this model is based on Blinder- Oaxaca gender gap (1974) and in the period 1370 to 1390. The experimental results with model coefficients using panel data and with using Stata and Eveiws software is obtained and then analyzed.
Based on the results, however, productivity and employment increase wages of men and women but it Increase the gender income gap. Education increases wages of men and women but it reduces the gender income gap. Educating reduces wages of women and gender income gap too.
Davood Manzoor, Marziyeh Bahalou Horeh,
Volume 6, Issue 21 (10-2015)
Abstract
Many countries all over the world will see widespread demographic changes in the decades to come. The demographic change will affect the economy and the labor market of these countries. In this paper we employ a multi-sector computable general equilibrium model to study the impacts of demographic change on the welfare, employment and activity level of economic sectors in Iran. The model includes seven economic sector and two types of labor-skilled and unskilled. We also considere the choice between leisure and work and labor mobility in the model. The model is calibrated based on the 2001 Micro consistent matrix. Results demonstrate that in the youth period, employment and activity level of sectors will increase. Furthermore, the increase in activity level will lead to an increase in income and welfare. When the population ages, on the other hand, welfare, employment and activity level of sectors will diminish.
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Saeed Eisazadeh, Mohammad Kazem Naziri, Hadi Naeini,
Volume 8, Issue 30 (12-2017)
Abstract
One of the causes of unemployment is lack of fit between individual skill and needs for skills in the community. The situation of mismatch between the demand and supply of labour, particularly in terms of skills is defined as structural unemployment. Therefore, in this study quantitatively explores the impact of skill mismatches one of the main parameters of structural unemployment on unemployment rate. For this purpose of information available in the Labour Force Survey from 2006 to 2013 is used. Skill mismatch index is calculated from the root mean square error in supply and demand for skills. According to results of this study, skill mismatch have a significantly and positively effects on the unemployment rate. So thata1%increase in skill mismatch index led to an increase in the unemployment rate will be 0.13%. Therefore, creating exact information about job vacancies , reforming the contexts of courses and creating new fields in new areas according to necessities of entrepreneurs in order to updating of applicants knowledge should be mentioned.
Shahryar Zaroki, Mastaneh Yadolahi Otaghsara, Arman Yousefi Barfurushi,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (12-2020)
Abstract
The lack of social security supports and labor market laws in informal employment has strengthened the expectation that poverty in a family in which the head of the household chooses informal employment is greater than in a family in which the head of the household works in the formal sector. Hence, this study attempts to investigate the effect of informal employment with other factors affecting household’s poverty. To this aim, by using the microdata plan of costs and incomes of urban and rural households in 2018, first, the poverty line was calculated based on 66% of the average annual household expenditures by provincial division for urban and rural areas; and poor households were identified as well. Then, according to the presented index in this study, heads of households' employment types were formally and informally determined. In the primary data processing, a comparison between households with employed heads showed that the highest poverty rates were for households whose heads work in informal employment. Next, the estimation of the research model with the dependent variable limited to the basis of pseudo-panel data and random effects in logistic regression was performed in a separate format for 13248 urban households and 13115 rural households in 31 provinces. The results showed that the informal employment of the head of the households has a direct effect on the possibility of household poverty and the rate of influence in urban areas is higher than in rural areas. Furthermore, the head of the household's education, age, and gender have an indirect effect; and the square number of age and size of the household variables have a direct effect on the probability of household poverty. In such a way that the desired effect of education and age, and the undesired effect of the household dimension on the probability of household poverty in urban areas is greater than in rural areas.
Davood Manzoor,
Volume 12, Issue 46 (12-2021)
Abstract
Higher Education (HE) in Iran have been subject to a major expansion and massification in the recent years, in a way that number of students approximately tripled from 2006 to 2016. This would have possibly affected labor market or unemployment rate of the country. Considering both provincial and national level, this study investigates the relationship between HE expansion and unemployment rate in the recent era (2006-2018) empirically. In this regard, number of assignments, students, and the state budget allocated to HE institutions are taken as variables indicating HE expansion so that their relationship with unemployment rate can be explored. The empirical methodology of this study in national level is to consider trends and calculating correlations for different lags. In provincial level, Granger causality and dynamic panel data regression with systemic GMM estimators are utilized as methods of the analysis. The results show a positive significant correlation exists between the state budget of HE and unemployment rate. Moreover, in provincial level, number of students and assignments Granger cause unemployment in some lags. Dynamic panel data model with numerous specifications also approve a positive significant relationship between HE expansion in provinces and their unemployment rate, however, the effect is not the same considering different models, especially for number of students.
