Showing 11 results for Export
Dr Behzad Salmani, Dr Davood Behbudi , Siab Mamipour ,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (6-2011)
Abstract
The optimal usage of oil as a natural resource is an important problem in exporting countries. These countries always are encountered with uncertainty and volatility of oil prices and its effects on real exchange rate. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship of between oil prices and exchange rate by emphasizing institutional quality in during 1995-2006. The model of this paper is estimated by panel data approach. Findings show that the oil prices have a positive effect on real exchange rate and it reduces international competition power. But institutional quality affects the extent to which the real exchange rates of oil-exporting countries co-move with the oil price. The results show that countries with high institutional quality such as control of corruption and regularity quality have real exchange rates which co-move less with the oil price.
Dr Alireza Kazerooni, Ali Rezazadeh, Siavash Mohammadpoor,
Volume 2, Issue 5 (10-2011)
Abstract
The main purpose of this article is to investigate the asymmetric effects of the real exchange rate shocks on the non-oil exports of Iran in the period of 1974-2007. For this purpose, using nonlinear Markov-Switching approach, positive and negative shocks of the real exchange rate have been extracted. Based on the results of the Log Likelihood Function and Akaike Information Criterion, the best Markov- Switching model has been specified as MSIH with three regimes for estimating the exchange rate shocks. After extracting the exchange rate shocks, in the next step, the main model of the research has been estimated by using the Johansen-Juselius and DOLS co-integration approaches. Results show that the impact of some explanatory variables (GDP of home country, GDP of Foreign country, Terms of Trade and Openness) on the non-oil exports of Iran has been positive and statistically significant at 95% level of confidence. However, the impact of both positive and negative shocks on the non-oil exports has been negative. Overall, the main hypothesis of symmetrical impacts of the exchange rate shocks has been rejected.
Dr. Javad Abedini, Iman Mesgari,
Volume 3, Issue 7 (3-2012)
Abstract
This paper examines the success of bilateral export potentials between Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) member countries in non-oil industries. Based on the Anderson and Van Win-coop gravity model, an empirical trade equation is derived and estimated using the bilateral trade information of all 10 ECO countries as well as those of their 40 main common trade partners in non-oil industries over 1992-2009. We employed a GMM instrumental variable model (ABB estimator) for the dynamic specification and a FEM estimator for the static version of the model. The results show that the formation of ECO has no significant impact in increasing trade among member countries. The results also show that ECO trade potentials in non-oil industries are not far beyond the actual level. Furthermore, export potentials are asymmetrically distributed among members. Turkey, Iran and Pakistan are the only countries representing positive export potentials towards the group. In particular, Turkish export potentials to Iran are 3.5 times larger than those of Iran to Turkey. That is, free trade among ECO nations may result in regional trade deficit for some members.
Mehdi Pedram, Shamsollah Shirinbakhsh Masulle, Bahare Rezaei Abyaneh,
Volume 3, Issue 9 (10-2012)
Abstract
A standard assumption in the empirical literature is that exchange rate pass-through is both linear and symmetric. This implies that size (large-versus-small exchange rate changes) and direction (currency appreciations-versus-depreciations) have similar effects. In this paper these assumptions have investigated for Iran's export prices. So, this paper examines the asymmetric exchange rate pass-through to the monthly import price index in Iran during 1997:1–2010:9. Therefore positive and negative exchange rate shocks have been separated using Mork Criteria and large and small exchange rate changes by determining a threshold. The results show that the response of export prices to currency appreciation and depreciation is asymmetric. So, the negative exchange rate shocks have a greater effect on the export prices than the positive exchange rate shocks. According to our estimation results, there is a threshold at 1.3% of monthly changes in exchange rate of Iran and also export prices react asymmetrically to exchange rate at around this threshold. If both direction and size effects are considered, we find that export prices respond asymmetrically to large and small appreciations and depreciations.
Mohammad Hossein Mahdavi- Adeli, Mohammad Ali Falahi, Ghahraman Abdoli, Jalal Dehnavi,
Volume 5, Issue 15 (3-2014)
Abstract
Establishment of the Gas Exporting Countries Forum in Tehran in 2001 has proved to be one of the most important changes in the gas market. Establishment of the forum has sparked the concern among the consuming countries that a cartel is being formed in the gas market, resulting in the disturbance of supply security and gas price rise. Evidence so suggests the forum is facing fundamental obstacles to form a cartel or any other influential institution. On the other hand, considering the remarkable fall in gas prices during last months, it is necessary to present a model for determining the GECF Members Gas Export Quotas to decrease the gas supply and to increase gas prices. In this paper, we present a model which if it is applied by the GECF members we can expect that gas prices will increase. Hence in this paper first we present two mechanisms for determining the GECF member’s quotas, then considering the current situation of the members in natural gas market the optimal rationing mechanism selected. Besides, for determining the total optimal amount of production in each period as optimal total export of forum two different methods present. The first is more complicated but more accurate.
, , ,
Volume 5, Issue 16 (7-2014)
Abstract
Iran’s share of world exports has not been great in recent years and the development of non-oil exports such as exports of industrial goods in order to reduce the economy's dependence on oil revenues made necessary. The real exchange rate is one of the most important variables affecting exports. In this context, investigate the effect of the real exchange rate volatility on different variables such as the export is important. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the impact of real exchange rate volatility on exports of Iran Industrial goods over the period of 1968-2010. To that end, The real exchange rate volatility index has been estimated incorporating with EGARCH (0,1) model than we using co-integration of Saikkonen & Lutkepohl and FMOLS to investigate the impact of the real exchange rate volatility index, along with other variables of model exports of industrial goods have been evaluated.
The main empirical finding of this paper show that the real exchange rate volatility variables and export prices have negative and significant effects on exports of industrial goods and variables GDP’s world, GDP’s Iran and trade of openness have positive and significant effects on exports of industrial goods. The empirical findings of this paper, The beneficial implications for investors and Policy makers needs to recognize the exact effects of exchange rate volatility on exports of industrial goods are provided.
Ali Dehghani, Majid Ameri,
Volume 6, Issue 19 (3-2015)
Abstract
In recent years, regarding the export of Food & Beverage is important.in Iran and the economic researchers have been noted it. The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of market concentration as a structural variable, advertising and R&D expenditures as behavioral variables and investment productivity on the Iranian food exports as a performance variable. For this purpose, the data for Iranian food firms has been extracted from the Statistical Center of Iran over the period of 2000-2007. Moreover, the empirical model of this study has been estimated by the Static Panel Data approach (SPD). The empirical results indicate that the market concentration, advertising and R&D intensity and investment productivity have positive and significant effects on the Iranian food exports and the impact of researching intensity (as measured by the ratio of research & development expenditures on sale) is more than other explanatory variables. Therefore, the market conduct is one of the main determinants of Iranian food exports. Also, due to the direct impact of R & D spending effect on exports, we can say that if managers and policy makers increasing the research and development activity in Iranian food industry sector can promote non-oil exports, especially exports of food products in Iran. Moreover, Facilitate and encourage producers to participate in exhibitions and international markets sales increased exports of goods and services can help.
Nooroddin Sharify, Ramezan Hosseinzadeh,
Volume 7, Issue 24 (6-2016)
Abstract
This study sought to evaluate the effect of changes in the composition of interregional intermediate exports and total volume of intermediate exports on the sectoral output of Golestan province and other regions using two-regional input-output model. For this purpose, at first, two-regional input- output tables for each of these region (Golestan province and other regions of country) were prepared for years 2006 and 2010 and then evaluate the effect of change in volume and composition of interregional exports on output changes in this regions using structural decomposition analysis (SDA). The results of the model for Golestan province indicate that the export of Golestan province to other regions of the country in study periods has decreased 349/09 billion Rials, and thereby total output of this province decreased 335/76 billion Rials. Also changes in composition of exports of Golestan province to other regions lead to increase 9.78 billion Rials in total output of this province.
Dr Mohammad Mahdi Barghi Oskooee, Ahad Mohammadi Bilankohi,
Volume 7, Issue 25 (10-2016)
Abstract
Energy as one of the most important factors of production, as well as one of the most important marginal products, has effential role in trade and economic development.The importance of energy has increased after the two oil crises in 1970’s. The relationship between energy and trade is an important topic to study for several reasons. If energy consumption is found to Granger cause exports or imports, then any reductions in energy consumption, coming from say energy conservation polices, will reduce exports or imports and lessen the benefits of trade. Energy conservation policies which reduce energy consumption will offset trade liberalization policies designed to promote economic growth. This places energy conservation policies at odds with trade liberalization policies.In this regard, the impact of trade on energy consumption through energy applications in the production process of import and export goods and their transportation is included. This study uses panel data to investigat effect of trade on energy consumption in D8 countries (Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, Malaysia, Nigeria, Pakistan and Turkey) during the years 1990 to 2014. The results indicat that foreign trade has a significant and positive impact on energy consumption. The findings show a significant and negative impact of energy prices on energy use.
Dr Abolfazl Shahabadi, Ms Hanieh Samari,
Volume 8, Issue 27 (3-2017)
Abstract
Always new technologies exports have been regarded as a competitive advantage and it implies the dynamism and cohesion of the economy and its special position in the global markets. Lack of innovation is one of the main factors affecting the country's high-tech exports. And until innovation and training to use of knowledge do not improve, efficiency and effectiveness of other production factors will remain low. So, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of innovation on high technology exports in selected developing and developed countries during the period 2007-2013, using panel data approach and simultaneous equations system. Estimates of general model in developing countries expresses that the coefficients of global innovation index, accumulation of FDI inflows and GDP is positive and significant and coefficient of governance index is positive and meaningless. And in developed countries, coefficients of global innovation index, accumulation of FDI inflows, GDP and governance index is positive and significant. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the innovative environment, by changing the policy making in the resource-based economy moving towards knowledge-based economy by the alignment of macro-economic policies with scientific and research policies, in order to strengthen the relationship between industry and academia. So based on the current needs, the productions and technologies of knowledge-based industries will change.
Samaneh Mohamadkhani, Mohammad Hassan Fotros, Mohamad Mowlaei,
Volume 11, Issue 41 (10-2020)
Abstract
The importance of non-oil exports and their role in the economic growth and development of countries has always been discuss as an important issue in the economy. Meanwhile, the role of high-tech exports in the growth of developed countries has been significant and developing countries, in order to succeed in the growth of production and export of their industrial goods under the constraint of globalization, have no choice but to increase production and export of high-tech products, use more advanced production techniques and save on production costs. This is especially true in the case of Iran, which has always faced the problem of macroeconomic indicators due to its dependence on oil revenues and the destructive impact of oil revenues on political and economic issues, especially the issue of oil sanctions. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to investigate the factors affecting the export of high-tech products based on the four-digit ISIC codes in Iran in the period 1397-1375 using the ARDL Panel method.
The results of the study show that the costs of domestic research and development, foreign accumulation of research and development and commercialization in the short and long term, and the degree of openness of the economy and human capital in the long run have a positive and significant effect on high-tech exports in Iran. Also, the exchange rate in the short term has no meaningless effect and in the long run has no negative and significant effect, and inventions in the short and long term have no significant effect on the export of these products.
