دوره 10، شماره 4 - ( 10-1402 )
جلد 10 شماره 4 صفحات 40-19 |
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Ramezani Mehrian M. Systematic review of flood resilience assessment approaches and methods in urban environments. Journal of Spatial Analysis Environmental Hazards 2023; 10 (4) :19-40
URL: http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3413-fa.html
URL: http://jsaeh.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3413-fa.html
رمضانی مهریان مجید. مرور نظام‌مند رویکردها و روش های ارزیابی تاب آوری سیل در محیط‌های شهری. تحلیل فضایی مخاطرات محیطی. 1402; 10 (4) :19-40
سازمان سمت ، mehrian@samt.ac.ir
چکیده: (1405 مشاهده)
رشد جمعیت و شهرسازی دو عامل اولیه در افزایش خطر سیل در مناطق شهری به شمار می‌روند. هم‌زمان با گسترش روز‌افزون شهرنشینی در بسیاری از شهرها تغییرات کاربری زمین منجر به افزایش حجم روانابهای سطحی و تغییر رژیم‌های سیلابی رودخانهها شده است. از این رو سیل شهری یکی از مخاطراتی است که به‌طور مستقیم و غیر‌مستقیم آثار زیان‌بار خود را بر شهرهای مختلف ایران وارد ساخته است. از آنجا که تاب‌آوری با ترکیب مؤلفههای مختلف درک جامعی از شرایط فراهم میسازد میتواند در ایجاد ابزارهای مدیریت ریسک سیل شهری مثمر ثمر باشد. برای اینکه بتوان از مفهوم تاب‌آوری به‌طور مؤثر در فرایند تصمیم‌گیری و مدیریت سیلاب‌های شهری استفاده کرد، لازم است تاب‌آوری شهر در برابر مخاطره سیل موردسنجش و ارزیابی قرار گیرد. با وجود این، سنجش تاب‌آوری در محیط‌های شهری در برابر سیل به‌دلیل عدم شفافیت لازم در زمینه رویکردهای روش‌شناختی با چالش جدی مواجه است. بر این اساس در این مطالعه با مرور نظام‌مند و فراتحلیل مطالعات انجام شده در زمینه ارزیابی تاب‌آوری محیط‌های شهری در برابر سیل رویکردها و روش‌‌ها در این زمینه مورد واکاوی قرار گرفته است. مطابق یافته‌های تحقیق روش‌های ارزیابی تاب‌آوری محیط‌های شهری در برابر سیل، به سه دسته کمی، نیمه‌کمی و کیفی تقسیم میشوند. روش‌های کیفی از تنوع کمتری نسبت به روش‌های کمی برخوردارند و غالباً شامل روش مصاحبه‌گیری و چارچوب‌های مفهومی نظری میشوند. غالب روش‌های ارزیابی در این زمینه روش‌های کمی و نیمه‌کمی هستند که می‌توان آن‌ها را در دو دسته پرکاربرد یعنی روش‌های مبتنی بر شبیه‌سازی و روش‌های مبتنی بر شاخص‌سازی جای داد. در رویکرد مبتنی بر شبیه‌سازی به‌طورکلی از مدلسازی هیدرولوژیکی و شبیه‌سازی سیلاب استفاده می‌شود. روش‌های مبتنی بر شاخص‌سازی در شکل‌های متفاوت توسعهیافتهاند اما به‌طورکلی از اصول یکسانی پیروی میکنند و می‌توان از آن‌ها برای تحلیل تاب‌آوری دیگر انواع مخاطرات در عرصههای جغرافیایی نیز استفاده کرد.
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