The effect of resistance training with split method on hormones levels and muscle mass in young bodybuilder

Nezami, S; Samavati Sharif, M.A; Chezani Sharahi, A

Volume 15, Issue 13 (9-2017) RSMT 2017, 15(13): 35-48 | Back to browse issues page

‎ 20.1001.1.22520708.1396.15.13.5.3

Mendeley

Zotero

RefWorks

Nezami S, Samavati Sharif M, Chezani Sharahi A. The effect of resistance training with split method on hormones levels and muscle mass in young bodybuilder. RSMT 2017; 15 (13) :35-48
URL: http://jsmt.khu.ac.ir/article-1-212-en.html

The effect of resistance training with split method on hormones levels and muscle mass in young bodybuilder

S Nezami

, M.A Samavati Sharif

, A Chezani Sharahi

, m-samavati@basu.ac.ir

Abstract: (6218 Views)

The purpose of the current study was the effect of 8-week high intensity resistance training (the Split training method), on Testosterone, Cortisol and Testosterone/Cortisol serum level and its influence on muscle mass and development of muscle strength. 20 persons beginner in bodybuilding (body mass index: 23.80±2.25 kg/m2; age: 24.65±2.55 year) participated in this study. The subjects divided randomly into strength training (10 persons) and control groups (10 persons). Training program was designed according to the Split method with 85%-100% of 1RM for six times per weeks. The same strength and duration was applied for the control group based on the traditional training. Before and after training the thickness of Triceps muscle was measured with ultrasound in both groups. Resting blood samples were collected before and after training. The results showed, compared with traditional training, training with Split method increased muscle strength (p=0.01), muscle mass (p=0.001) and the Testosterone to Cortisol (T/C) ratio (p=0.02). Moreover, there were significant correlation between the maximum strength and hypertrophy(r=0/55, p=0/001) and between (T/C) and maximum strength (r=0/74, p=0/03). The results of this study shows that resistance training with high intensity (the Split Training Method) causes increase in anabolic stimulation and muscle mass which subsequently increases maximum strength.

Keywords: Maximum Strength, Muscle Mass, Testosterone, Cortisol

Full-Text [PDF 913 kb] (3252 Downloads)

Type of Study: Research |
Received: 2015/08/27 | Accepted: 2016/12/3 | Published: 2017/08/23

References

1. Zatsiorsky, V.M, Kraemer, W.J. (2006). Science and Practice of Strength Training. Second Edition. Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics Publishers.161.

2. Kraemer, W.J., Franklin, B., Fry, A.C., Hoffman, J.R. (2010). American University of Wisconsin-La Crosse; weight Training program Splits. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 24(10): 55-60.

3. Kraemer, W.J., Adams, K., Cafarelli, E., Dudley, G.A., Dooly, C., Feigenbaum, M.S., Fleck, S.J., Franklin, B., Fry, A.C., Hoffman, J.R., Newton, R.U., Potteiger, J., Stone, M.H., Ratamess, N.A., Triplett-McBride, T. (2002). American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 34(2): 364-80.

4. Spineti, J., de Salles, B.F., Rhea, M.R., Lavigne, D., Matta, T., Miranda, F., Fernandes, L., Simão, R. (2010). Influence of exercise order on maximum strength and muscle volume in nonlinear periodized resistance training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 24(11): 2962-9.

5. Hayes, L.D., Bickerstaff, G.F., Baker J.S. (2010). Interactions of cortisol, testosterone, and resistance training: influence of circadian rhythms. Chronobiology International. 27(4): 675-5.

6. Oleary, C.B., Hackney, A.C. (2014). Acute and chronic effects of resistance exercise on the testosterone and cortisol responses in obese males: a systematic review. Department of Exercise and Sport Science. Physiological Research. 63: 693-704.

7. Arazi, H., Damirchi, A., Asadi, A. (2013). Age-related hormonal adaptations, muscle circumference and strength development with 8 weeks’ moderate intensity resistance training. Annales d'Endocrinologie (Paris). 74: 30-5.

8. Ahtiainen, J.P., Hulme, J.J., Kraemer, W.J., Lehti, M., Nyman, K., Selanne, H., Alen, M., Pakarinen, A., Komulainen, J., Kovanen, V., Mero, A.A., Häkkinen, K. (2011). Heavy resistance exercise training and skeletal muscle androgen receptor expression in younger and older men. Steroids. 76¬(1-2): 183-92.

9. Sinha-Hikim, I., Cornford, M., Gaytan, H., Lee, M.L., Bhasin, S. (2006). Effects of testosterone supplementation on skeletal muscle fiber hypertrophy and satellite cells in community-dwelling older men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 91(8): 3024–33.

10. Kadi, F., Bonnrud, P., Eriksson, A., Thornell, L.E. (2000). The expression of androgen receptors in human neck and limb muscles: effects of training and self-administration of androgenic steroids. Histochemistry and Cell Biology. 113(1): 25-9.

11. Buresh, R., Berg, K., French, J. (2009). The effect of resistive exercise rest interval on hormonal response, strength, and hypertrophy with training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 23(1): 62–71.

12. Brad, J. (2010). Mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy and their application to resistance training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 24 (10): 2857–72.

13. Kraemer. W.J., Patton, J.F., Gordon, S.E., Harman, E.A., Deschenes, M.R., Reynolds, K., Newton, R.U., Triplett, N.T., Dziados, J.E. (1995). Compatibility of high-intensity strength and endurance training on hormonal and skeletal muscle adaptations. Journal of Applied Physiology. 78(3): 976-89.

14. Roberts, M.D., Dalbo, V.J., Hassell, S.E., Kerksick, C.M. (2009). The expression of androgen-regulated genes before and after a resistance exercise bout in younger and older men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 23: 1060-7.

15. Lane, A.R., Duke, J.W., Hackney, A.C. (2010). Influence of dietary carbohydrate intake on the free testosterone: cortisol ratio responses to short-term intensive exercise training. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 108(6):1125-31.

16. Uchida, M.C., Bacurau, R.F.P., Navarro, F., Pontes, F.L., Tessuti, V.D., Moreau, R.L., Rosa, L.F., Aoki, M.S. (2004). Alteration of testosterone: cortisol ratio induced by resistance training in women. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte. 10(3): 169-72.

17. Ahtiainen, J.P., Pakarinen, A., Alen, M., Kraemer, W.J., Hakkinen, K. (2003). Muscle hypertrophy, hormonal adaptations and strength development during strength training in strength–trained and untrained men. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 89(6): 555-63.

18. Reaburn, P., Logan, P., MacKinnon, L. (2000). Serum testosterone response to high-intensity resistance training in male veteran sprint runners. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.11(4): 256–60.

19. Wilkinson, S., Tarnopolsky, M., Grant, E., Correia, C., Phillips, S. (2006). Hypertrophy with unilateral resistance exercise occurs without increases in endogenous anabolic hormone concentration. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 98(6): 546-55.

20. Siff, M.C. (2003). Supertraining. Supertraining Institute. ISBN 1-874856-65-6.

21. Weider, J., Reynolds, B. (1990). Joe weider’s ultimate bodybuilding-the master blaster’s principles of training and nutrition. Chicago, Illinois: Contemporary Books Inc.

22. Brzycki, M. (1998). A Practical approach to strength training. Mc Graw-Hill.

23. Mayhew, J.L., Prinster, J.L., Ware, J.S., Zimmer, D.L., Arabas, J.R., Bemben, M.G. (2000). Muscular endurance repetitions to predict bench press strength in men of different training level. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 35(2): 108–13.

24. Anthony, J., Blazevich, A.G. (2001). Effect of testosterone administration and weight training on muscle architecture. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 3 (10): 1688-93.

25. Cadore, E.L., Lhullier, F.L., Brentano, M.A., da Silva, E.M., Ambrosini, M.B., Spinelli, R., Silva, R.F., Kruel, L.F. (2008). Hormonal responses to resistance exercise in long-term trained and untrained middle-aged men. Journal of strength and conditioning research. 22(5): 1617–24.

26. Cadore, E.L., Pinto, R.S., Lhullier, F.L., Correa, C.S., Alberton, C.L., Pinto, S.S., Almeida, A.P., Tartaruga, M.P., Silva, E.M., Kruel, L.F. (2010). Physiological effects of concurrent training in elderly men. International Journal of Sports Medicine. 31(10): 689-97.

27. Seynnes, O.R., de Boer, M., Narici, M.V. (2006). Early skeletal muscle hypertrophy and architectural changes in response to high-intensity resistance training. International Journal of Applied Physiology. 102(1): 368–73.

28. Ahtiainen, J.P., Lehti, M., Hulmi, J.J., Kraemer, W.J., Alen, M., Nyman, K., Selänne, H., Pakarinen, A., Komulainen, J., Kovanen, V., Mero, A.A., Häkkinen, K. (2011). Recovery after heavy resistance exercise and skeletal muscle androgen receptor and insulin-like growth Factor-I isoform expression in strength trained men. Journal of strength and conditioning research. 25(3): 767-77.

29. Cadore, E.L., Krue, L.F.M. (2012). Acute and chronic testosterone responses to physical exercise and training. Endocrinology and Metabolism. 13: 278-86.

30. Willoughby, D.S., Taylor, L. (2004). Effects of sequential bouts of resistance exercise on androgen receptor expression. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 36(9): 1499-506.

31. Hayes, L.D., Grace, F.M., Baker, J.S., Sculthorpe, N. (2015). Exercise-induced responses in salivary testosterone, cortisol, and their ratios in men a meta-analysis. Sports Medicine. 45(5): 713-26.

32. Marx, J.O., Ratamess, N.A., Nindl, B.C., Gotshalk, L.A., Volek, J.S., Dohi, K., Bush, J.A., Gómez, A.L., Mazzetti, S.A., Fleck, S.J., Häkkinen, K., Newton, R.U., Kraemer, W.J. (2001). Low-volume circuit versus high-volume periodized resistance training in women. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 33(4): 635-43.