Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
RSMT 2023, 21(25): 1-14 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Aveseh M, Koushkie Jahromi M, Nemati J, Esmaeili Mahani S. Lactate Entrance into the Brain is Necessary for Endurance Exercise-Induced Adaptation in Lipid Oxidation. RSMT 2023; 21 (25) :1-14
URL: http://jsmt.khu.ac.ir/article-1-571-en.html
URL: http://jsmt.khu.ac.ir/article-1-571-en.html
Shiraz University , koushkie53@yahoo.com
Abstract: (2550 Views)
Lactate has been recently considered as a signaling factor involved in metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of lactate entrance into the brain on endurance training-induced adaptations in lipid oxidation.
24 male rats (age: 8 weeks, weight: 197 ± 21 g) were divided into control (C), trained (T), and traind+4-CIN (T+4-CIN, which experienced the inhibition of lactate entrance into the brain during exercise). All animals performed a single session of acute endurance exercise following their 12-weeks training protocol. Free fatty acids (FFA) and triglyceride content in plasma and adipose tissue and cAMP and Inositol triphosphate (PI3) content in epididymal fat were measured immediately after acute exercise using ELISA and were compared among the groups by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Acute exercise significantly increased lactate concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (SCF) in both T and T+4-CIN compared to the C group. Lactate concentration was slightly lower in T + 4-CIN compared to the T. Immediately after acute endurance training, a significant decrease of 61 and 31% in plasma triglyceride levels, a significant decrease of 39 and 26% in adipose tissue triglyceride levels, a significant increase of 125 and 56% in plasma FFA levels, a significant increase of 217 and 125% increase in FFA plasma levels, a significant increase of 87 and 41% in adipose tissue cAMP levels, and a significant increase of 90 and 49% in adipose tissue inositol triphosphate levels was observed in the T and T+4-CIN compared to the control group, respectively (all P < 0.01). Plasma triglyceride and adipose tissue levels in the 4-CIN + training group were significantly higher and plasma and adipose tissue FFA levels were significantly lower (all P < 0.05) than the values found in the T group. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that lactate can be effective on endurance training-induced adaptations in lipid oxidation due to its action in the brain.
24 male rats (age: 8 weeks, weight: 197 ± 21 g) were divided into control (C), trained (T), and traind+4-CIN (T+4-CIN, which experienced the inhibition of lactate entrance into the brain during exercise). All animals performed a single session of acute endurance exercise following their 12-weeks training protocol. Free fatty acids (FFA) and triglyceride content in plasma and adipose tissue and cAMP and Inositol triphosphate (PI3) content in epididymal fat were measured immediately after acute exercise using ELISA and were compared among the groups by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Acute exercise significantly increased lactate concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (SCF) in both T and T+4-CIN compared to the C group. Lactate concentration was slightly lower in T + 4-CIN compared to the T. Immediately after acute endurance training, a significant decrease of 61 and 31% in plasma triglyceride levels, a significant decrease of 39 and 26% in adipose tissue triglyceride levels, a significant increase of 125 and 56% in plasma FFA levels, a significant increase of 217 and 125% increase in FFA plasma levels, a significant increase of 87 and 41% in adipose tissue cAMP levels, and a significant increase of 90 and 49% in adipose tissue inositol triphosphate levels was observed in the T and T+4-CIN compared to the control group, respectively (all P < 0.01). Plasma triglyceride and adipose tissue levels in the 4-CIN + training group were significantly higher and plasma and adipose tissue FFA levels were significantly lower (all P < 0.05) than the values found in the T group. In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that lactate can be effective on endurance training-induced adaptations in lipid oxidation due to its action in the brain.
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
sport physiology
Received: 2023/03/27 | Accepted: 2023/04/15 | Published: 2023/09/1
Received: 2023/03/27 | Accepted: 2023/04/15 | Published: 2023/09/1
References
1. 1- Horowitz JF, Klein S. Lipid metabolism during endurance exercise. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2000;72(2):558S-63S. [DOI:10.1093/ajcn/72.2.558S]
2. Muscella A, Stefàno E, Lunetti P, Capobianco L, Marsigliante S. The regulation of fat metabolism during aerobic exercise. Biomolecules. 2020;10(12):1699. [DOI:10.3390/biom10121699]
3. Purdom T, Kravitz L, Dokladny K, Mermier C. Understanding the factors that effect maximal fat oxidation. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. 2018;15(1):3. [DOI:10.1186/s12970-018-0207-1]
4. Horowitz JF. Regulation of lipid mobilization and oxidation during exercise in obesity. Exercise and sport sciences reviews. 2001;29(1):42-6. [DOI:10.1097/00003677-200101000-00009]
5. Zeng W, Pirzgalska RM, Pereira MM, Kubasova N, Barateiro A, Seixas E, et al. Sympathetic neuro-adipose connections mediate leptin-driven lipolysis. Cell. 2015;163(1):84-94. [DOI:10.1016/j.cell.2015.08.055]
6. Bray GA, Nishizawa Y. Ventromedial hypothalamus modulates fat mobilisation during fasting. Nature. 1978;274(5674):900-2. [DOI:10.1038/274900a0]
7. Ishikawa T, Mizunoya W, Shibakusa T, Inoue K, Fushiki T. Transforming growth factor-β in the brain regulates fat metabolism during endurance exercise. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2006;291(6):E1151-E9. [DOI:10.1152/ajpendo.00039.2006]
8. Zarjevski N, Cusin I, Vettor R, Rohner-Jeanrenaud F, Jeanrenaud B. Intracerebroventricular administration of neuropeptide Y to normal rats has divergent effects on glucose utilization by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Diabetes. 1994;43(6):764-9. [DOI:10.2337/diab.43.6.764]
9. Proia P, Di Liegro CM, Schiera G, Fricano A, Di Liegro I. Lactate as a Metabolite and a Regulator in the Central Nervous System. International journal of molecular sciences. 2016;17(9):1450. [DOI:10.3390/ijms17091450]
10. Nalbandian M, Takeda M. Lactate as a signaling molecule that regulates exercise-induced adaptations. Biology. 2016;5(4):38. [DOI:10.3390/biology5040038]
11. Philp A, Macdonald AL, Watt PW. Lactate-a signal coordinating cell and systemic function. Journal of Experimental Biology. 2005;208(24):4561-75. [DOI:10.1242/jeb.01961]
12. Pérez-Escuredo J, Van Hée VF, Sboarina M, Falces J, Payen VL, Pellerin L, et al. Monocarboxylate transporters in the brain and in cancer. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research. 2016;1863(10):2481-97. [DOI:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.03.013]
13. Borg MA, Tamborlane WV, Shulman GI, Sherwin RS. Local lactate perfusion of the ventromedial hypothalamus suppresses hypoglycemic counterregulation. Diabetes. 2003;52(3):663-6. [DOI:10.2337/diabetes.52.3.663]
14. Chan O, Paranjape SA, Horblitt A, Zhu W, Sherwin RS. Lactate-induced release of GABA in the ventromedial hypothalamus contributes to counterregulatory failure in recurrent hypoglycemia and diabetes. Diabetes. 2013;62(12):4239-46. [DOI:10.2337/db13-0770]
15. Erlichman JS, Hewitt A, Damon TL, Hart M, Kurascz J, Li A, et al. Inhibition of monocarboxylate transporter 2 in the retrotrapezoid nucleus in rats: a test of the astrocyte-neuron lactate-shuttle hypothesis. Journal of Neuroscience. 2008;28(19):4888-96. [DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5430-07.2008]
16. Patestas MA, Gartner LP. A textbook of neuroanatomy: John Wiley & Sons; 2016.
17. Aveseh M, Koushkie-Jahromi M, Nemati J, Esmaeili-Mahani S. Serum calcitonin gene-related peptide facilitates adipose tissue lipolysis during exercise via PIPLC/IP3 pathways. Endocrine. 2018;61:462-72. [DOI:10.1007/s12020-018-1640-2]
18. Bergman BC, Wolfel EE, Butterfield GE, Lopaschuk GD, Casazza GA, Horning MA, et al. Active muscle and whole body lactate kinetics after endurance training in men. Journal of applied physiology. 1999;87(5):1684-96. [DOI:10.1152/jappl.1999.87.5.1684]
19. Favier R, Constable S, Chen M, Holloszy J. Endurance exercise training reduces lactate production. Journal of applied physiology. 1986;61(3):885-9. [DOI:10.1152/jappl.1986.61.3.885]
20. Fukuba Y, Walsh M, Morton R, Cameron B, Kenny C, Banister E. Effect of endurance training on blood lactate clearance after maximal exercise. Journal of sports sciences. 1999;17(3):239-48. [DOI:10.1080/026404199366145]
21. Robergs RA, Ghiasvand F, Parker D. Biochemistry of exercise-induced metabolic acidosis. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 2004. [DOI:10.1152/ajpregu.00114.2004]
22. Tamai I, Tsuji A. Drug delivery through the blood-brain barrier. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 1996;19(3):401-24. [DOI:10.1016/0169-409X(96)00011-7]
23. Pierre K, Pellerin L. Monocarboxylate transporters in the central nervous system: distribution, regulation and function. Journal of neurochemistry. 2005;94(1):1-14. [DOI:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03168.x]
24. Inoue K, , Miyaki T, Fujikawa T, Matsumura S, Fushiki T. Regulation of fat metabolism by central nervous system during physical exercise. Proc Physiol Soc. 2008;11, PC148.
25. Zhai X, Li J, Li L, Sun Y, Zhang X, Xue Y, et al. L-lactate preconditioning promotes plasticity-related proteins expression and reduces neurological deficits by potentiating GPR81 signaling in rat traumatic brain injury model. Brain Research. 2020;1746:146945. [DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146945]
26. Nikooie R, Moflehi D, Zand S. Lactate regulates autophagy through ROS-mediated activation of ERK1/2/m-TOR/p-70S6K pathway in skeletal muscle. Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling. 2021;15(1):107-23. [DOI:10.1007/s12079-020-00599-8]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
