Showing 27 results for Type of Study: Applicable
Dr Nohamadjavad Razi, Hasan Modares, Zahra Shakeri Hosinabad,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of virtual education conditions and increasing sitting time on musculoskeletal status and physical activity of students during the corona pandemic. In the present study, standard Nordic musculoskeletal status and Beck physical activity questionnaires were used. The statistical population of the present study included male and female students of Farhangian University of Yazd Campus, of which 450 people participated in the present study as a sample. McNemar's, Mann–Whitney U and Spearman correlation tests were used at the significance level of P≤0.05. There was a significant difference between the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the neck, shoulders, back, and waist before and during the coronavirus pandemic (P≤ 0.05). There was a significant relationship between physical activity and musculoskeletal disorders (p <0.05). There was a significant relationship between Internet Time usage and musculoskeletal disorders (p <0.05). Musculoskeletal disorders in students who did not follow the sitting pattern, in the neck (p <0.0001), shoulder (p = 0.006), wrist (p = 0.002), waist (p = 0.001) pelvis (P = 0.01) and knee (p = 0.001) were significant. The corona epidemic and the quarantine conditions may have adverse effects on the musculoskeletal condition of students, and prolonged sitting and non-observance of the principles of sitting aggravates these factors.
Mr Amin Mardazad, Dr Amirali Jafarnezhadgero, Mr Sajad Avazzadeh,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Warm up method can be considered as a strategy for improving athlete’s performance. The purpose of this study was to provide a useful data as warm up to improve the performance of athletes, including volleyball players by increasing their jump height. In the present review study by using the following keywords included Post-Activation Potentiation, Squat Jump, Warm-up, Volleyball, Jump Height, Force Plate, and electromyography the search process was done in Google scholar, the Pubmed databases and Scientific Information database and Google scholar. In the identification stage, 387 English and 15 Persian articles related to the mentioned keywords were found. Finally, the number of English articles reached 42 and the number of Persian articles reached 6. The results of this review-descriptive study showed in the final stages of Post-Activation Potentiation warm-up, performing high intensity squats by creating acute changes in neuromuscular system can increase in jump height of athletes including volleyball players in match and practice.
Ehsan Abshenas, Mohammad Hossein Alizadeh, Mohsen Naderi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Introduction and aim: One of the serious challenges in sports is injury prediction methods that can help prevent and reduce injuries. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to answer the question, of Do functional movement screen, Y balance, and landing error scoring system tests have the power to predict sports injuries in female student athletes? Methodology: This study was a prospective cohort study. The population of the current research was university female athletes, and the research sample was 124 female student athletes participating in the 15th Iranian Student Sports Olympiad who were evaluated in an available manner. The Y balance test, landing error scoring system, and functional movement screening test were taken from the subjects before the Olympiad, and the injuries of the athletes during the competitions were recorded by the data collection form. In order to statistically analyze the data, the logistic regression test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used. Results: The results of the research showed that a total of 26 injuries were registered during the competition in 124 subjects. None of the predictor variables had the ability to predict the criterion variable (p>0.05). Conclusion: In general conclusion based on the results of this research, it is not possible to predict general injury using functional tests.
Student Mina Khantan, Professor Behrouz Abdoli, Professor Alireza Farsi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is one of the newest supplementary method in order to improve the athletic performance and mental preparation of professional athletes. In this study, we investigated the effects of 10-session unihemispheric concurrent dual-site anodal-tDCS (a-tDCS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), on swimming performance, mental toughness (MT) and perceived exertion. 20 male professional swimmers (Age: 19.00±2.86 yrs) were participated in this randomized, double-blind, and sham-controlled study. 100m free-style swimming test, the sport mental toughness questionnaire (SMTQ) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were evaluated as pre-tests. Then, athletes received 10-session tDCS (2mA for 20 min). 48 hrs following 10th session of tDCS, evaluations were repeated. ANCOVA was used for statistical analysis. After multi sessions of tDCS, swimming performance improved significantly (P=0.03) and total MT score increased significantly (P=0.046) and no significant change was observed in RPE. Based on the results of this study, multi-session tDCS along with routine training are recommended to improve swimmers performance and psychological aspects. Therefore, tDCS might be consider as a brain conditioning method.
Mrs Ranasadat Heydari, Dr Mansour Sahebozamani, Dr Fatemeh Karimi Afshar,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Introduction and Purpose: Non-specific chronic back pain(NSLBP) is one of the main problems of the health community, which has a high prevalence. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of suspended core stability exercises on the core stability, pain level, static and dynamic balance in the females with NSLBP.
Methods: In the present study, 21 females with NSLBP were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The Core stability, Pain level, Static and Dynamic balance were measured by valid tests of Core stability, Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Biodex balance system respectively. The SPSS25 software were used for data analysis.
Results: Based on the results of the study, unlike the control group, there was a significant difference in core stability, pain level, the static and dynamic balance variables from pre-test to post-test in the experimental group(P≤0/05). Also this difference was observed between the experimental and control groups(P≤0/05).
Conclusion: According to the results of this research and suspension system of TRX exercises, Core Stability Exercises with TRX straps which is not elasticity, may simultaneously improve core stability, static and dynamic balance and decrease pain in female with NSCLBP.
Dr Rohollh Nikooie, Msr Bahareh Hajmalek, Dr Dariush Moflehi, Mr Amir Nejad Vaziri,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background: This semi-experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of insulin resistance on substrate selection during exercise in obese diabetic women.
Methods: 24 inactive obese women, including control (C; n=8,BMI=31.03±1.18), non-insulin resistance (NIR;n=8,BMI=30.91±0.78), and insulin resistance (IR, n=8,BMI=31.57±0.91) groups, were purposely selected and performed a standard incremental test with an initial workload of 50 W and increased in the workload of 20 W every three minutes. Respiratory gases were collected throughout the test. Cross-over point (COP), a point at which the metabolic substrate changes from fat to carbohydrates, and FATmax point at which fat has the highest contribution to energy supply, were determined. Heart rate and oxygen consumption corresponding to COP and FATmax, points were calculated and compared among the groups using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: In both diabetic groups, heart rate (P<0.001) and oxygen consumption (P<0.001) corresponding to COP were significantly lower compared to the C. Both variables had lower values in the IR compared to the NIR (P<0.001). In both diabetic groups, oxygen consumption corresponding to the FATmax point was significantly lower compared to the C (P<0.001) and had lower values in IR compared to the NIR (P<0.001). Conclusion: In general, the results of the present study showed that insulin resistance is associated with more reliance on carbohydrates and diminished fat oxidation at submaximal exercise intensities.
Dr Afshin Moghadasi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Strengthening the intrinsic foot muscles is effective in controlling pronation. However, the effects of strengthening other muscle groups remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of comprehensive and local corrective exercises on foot posture index (FPI) in people with flexible flat foot. Forty-four students referring to Neshat corrective exercises center in Ilam city with a foot posture index score between 6 and 12 were selected as a statistical sample and stratified randomly divided into four groups of intrinsic exercises, intrinsic + extrinsic exercises, comprehensive corrective exercises (CCE) and control. The FPI was measured in the pre-test, at the end of the sixth week and at the end of the twelfth week. The mixed model analysis of variance test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in the FPI in the exercise groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the intrinsic and intrinsic + extrinsic groups in the right (P=0.980) and left (P=0.965) foots. FPI in the CCE group showed a significant decrease compared to all groups (P<0.05). CCE, considering the principle of chain reactions of the human body and focusing on the activation of all the distal and proximal muscles effective in misalignment, is more effective than local exercises in correcting the flatness of a flexible foot.
Behnam Moradi, Ebrahim Mohammad Ali Nasab Firouzjah, Sajad Roshani, Narmin Ghani Zadeh Hesar,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Introduction and purpose: The landing error scoring system is a valid and reliable tool for functional assessment of jump-landing movement. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of sports training on the landing error scoring system in athletes.
Methodology: Searching between 2014 and 2024 from IranDoc, Magiran, PubMed, Google Scholar, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, PEDro and (ISI) Institute for Scientific Information databases using the combination of jump-landing keywords. Landing mechanics, landing kinetics and kinematics, injury prevention, training, rehabilitation and landing error scoring system were done. A total of 88 articles related to this field were found, after reviewing and screening through the inclusion criteria, 8 articles were reviewed in full text.
Results: Various exercises, including neuromuscular, suspension, knee injury prevention, fatigue and kinesiotype, have been used to be effective on the landing error scoring system test. As a result of corrective exercises and fatigue, the experimental groups showed an improvement and a decrease in the jump-landing movement performance in the landing error scoring system, respectively.
Discussion and conclusion: It seems that in order to prevent jump-landing movement errors and possible injuries caused by it, exercises should be done that, in addition to increasing concentration and coordination in movement, make athletes resistant to factors such as danger.
Zahra Mohammadpour , Karim Azali Alamdari, Azam Zarneshan,
Volume 18, Issue 20 (11-2020)
Abstract
There is a large necessity for met analytic investigation of the blood pressure (BP) response to aquatic exercise training (AET) in hypertensive patients. was to quantify BP changes after (AET) and identify subgroups exhibiting the largest changes. Clinical trials investigating the impact of AET on hypertensive patients published in English and Persian research journals up to July 2020 were searched from google scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, SID and magiran. Finally, 12 trials were analyzed to quantify effect sizes (difference in means with 95% confidence intervals) using Random Effects model. Subgroup analyses included gender, menopause status, number of sessions per week and training intensity categories. Simple random-effects meta-regression analysis (methods of moment approach) was performed to investigate the association between changes in BP and changes in both training duration and water temperature. AET decreased both SBP and DBP; -12/29 and -5/69 mm Hg respectively, regardless to hypertensive subjects’ characteristics, training session count per week and water temperature. A tendency for larger reductions in SBP with greater reductions in body weight (β1=0.38, P=0.003) and water temperature (β1=1-.29, P=0.012) were observed after AET. In addition, the magnitude of the effect of AET on both SBP and DBP were significant in all subgroups (except for SBP in males) (P <0.05). AET remarkably lowers both SBP and DBP in hypertensive emphasizing on the clinical importance of AET in controlling hypertension. Likewise; it seems more BP reductions could be inevitable in patients with lower body weight and also elevations in water temperature (up to 38 °C). However, more clinical trials still need to be provided because of the lack of evidence and also heterogeneity of the results.
Effat Hosseinzadeh, Mansour Eslami,
Volume 18, Issue 20 (11-2020)
Abstract
Introduction: The ability to attain high level of speed is an essential component of success in many sports fields. However, physical qualities that underpin this ability remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of leg stiffness and vertical stiffness in predicting sprint running. Methods: 50 healthy females were selected among physical education students. The required kinetic and kinetic data were collected in three dimensions. The kinetic and kinematic variables rrunning skill was used to measure both stiffness variables. A multivariate regression model was used to examine the possibility of predicting running speed using leg stiffness and vertical stiffness. Findings: The results of multiple regression showed that there is a significant relationship between the two-leg stiffness and vertical stiffness with mean running speed (R = 0.671), and these two variables can predict 42% of Average speed variation (Adj. R square=0.426). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the ability of individuals to sprint running is likely to be significantly dependent on leg stiffness and vertical stiffness. The results of this study can provide important information for designing training programs and talent detection for trainers and specialists in this field.
Maryam Askari, Mohammad Shariatzadeh Joneydi, Hadi Rohani, Sepideh Vakilmahallati,
Volume 18, Issue 20 (11-2020)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term green tea (matcha) supplementation on fat burning rate during exercise in obese women. The subjects of this study were 10 obese women (36.8±4.7 yrs, BMI 32.6±5.9 kg/m2, weight 83.4±1.9 kg). Subjects consumed 1 g/day matcha for 7 days. An incremental exercise test on a treadmill was performed before and after the supplementation period to measure the maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and corresponding intensity (FATmax). Blood samples were taken before and immediately after the test for measuring the serum levels of Glycerol. Paired t-test and ANOVA was used to compare the means of variables. There was no significant difference in mean FATmax between before and after matcha supplementation (p=0.481). Also, no significant difference was observed in MFO between before and after matcha supplementation (p=0.587). Matcha supplementation after one exercise session did not have a significant effect on plasma glycerol; However, exercise alone reduced plasma glycerol levels. In general, the findings of this study showed that matcha supplementation, at least in short-term period, does not improve the fat oxidation rate and plasma glycerol during exercise in obese women.
Vahideh Teimouri Gholeh Zo, Fatemeh Alirezaei Noghondar, Hamid Reza Taheri,
Volume 18, Issue 20 (11-2020)
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of dual task training including balance sit-to-stand and cognitive exercises on postural control of sit to stand of elderly women with a history of falling. 15 elderly women were randomly divided into control (n=7) and experimental (n=8) groups. Participants implemented training protocol for four weeks in both experimental (balance and cognitive exercises) and control groups (balance sit-to-stand exercises). Before and after the training protocol, Berg Balance Scale and time of up and go tests were applied. Besides, in order to measure amplitude and speed of postural sway in the anteroposterior and medio-lateral direction in different stages of sit to stand movement in dual task condition, a force plate with a frequency of 100 Hz was used in pre-test and post-test. For data analysis, paired and independent t-test, nonparametric Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney u-tests were used with a significance level of P≤0.05. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the BERG test and significant reduction of the amplitude and speed of center of pressure in the antero-posterior and medio-lateral directions in the experimental group compared to the control group from pre-test to post-test (P≤0.05). Due to results, balance exercises by dual task method improved control functional balance and reduced postural sway and consequently improved sit to stand postural control in dual task condition and therefore can reduce more effectively the risk of falling in elder people.
Ms. Negar Rostami, Dr. Mohamad Galedari,
Volume 19, Issue 21 (9-2021)
Abstract
Determining the intensity of exercise in children's sports programs has always been very important. The aim of this study was to investigate the rope skipping exercise with three different intensities on the acute response of salivary chromogranin A and alpha-amylase in girl students. 45 fourth grade students were divided into three groups (low, moderate and high intensity). They performed one session of rope skipping with three intensities of 50, 65, and 75% reserve heart rate, according to the metronome rhythm. The reserve heart rate was calculated by the Karvonen method. Samples of salivary immunoglobulin A and cortisol were collected before and immediately after the exercise and measured by the ELISA method. T-test and analysis of variance were used to evaluate the data. Alpha-amylase and chromogranin A increased significantly after all three intensities. It was Also shown that there is no significant difference between intensities in the amount of chromogranin A, While the amount of alpha-amylase in the group with an intensity of 75% of the reserve heart rate was more than 50%. Although more research is needed in this area, according to the present results, it can be said that probably a session of rope skipping with 50% of reserve heart rate has a less increasing effect on salivary alpha-amylase of girl students.
Dr Amir Ghiamirad, Mr Farhad Esmkhani, Mr Salar Hariri,
Volume 19, Issue 22 (12-2021)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the kinematic characteristics of the two skills of Judan and Chudan Giakozuki Karate, professional and semi-professional male men. Methods: 10 Professional and 10 semi¬-professional amateur male Karate athlethes participated in this study and performed the techniques. The ground reaction force during the impact, which was an indirect parameter to calculate the impact power, was measured using a force plate with a frequency of 250 Hz. The ADXL320 accelerometer was also used to calculate the hand transfer acceleration. The motion data were recorded using Phase Space real time optical tracking system with 8 high speed cameras at 480 fps. Then the kinematic parameters associated with each fist were modeled and quantified by a three-dimensional imaging system.Paired t-test and independent t-test were used to analyze the research data.The test results in the parameters of wrist, elbow, shoulder movement in Judan and Chuadan Gyakozuki skills, ground reaction force, peak speed of elbow and shoulder in Chuan Gyakozuki skill, peak wrist velocity in Judan Gyakozuki skill in semi-professional karate and professional showed a significant difference. Fainaly, the results showed that the type of impact and the level of experience of karatekas were the main factors in determining the size of the displacement parameters and peak velocity, which are considered an important factor in success in competitions and lead to better scores in competitions.
Dr Ali Asghar Ravasi, Dr Mousa Khalafi, Dr Karim Azali Alamdari,
Volume 19, Issue 22 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background and objective: Effects of exercise training on metabolic disorders through modifications in fibroblast growth factor -21 (FGF-21) level are controversial. Therefore, the aim of study was to determine the quantitative effect of exercise training protocols on serum FGF-21 level in adults with metabolic disorders. Methods: A systematic search of the published Persian or English-language studies from PubMed and Google Scholar databases up to march 2021 was done and standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using random-effects models. Results: a total of 14 studies (aerobic training=3, resistance training=3, HIIT=4, concurrent training=4) including on 19 interventions conducted on 503 subjects (with overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and or fatty liver disease) were eligible to include in the meta-analysis. However, because of the heterogeneity, the final quantitative impact of 16 interventions was calculated as a declining serum FGF21 level after training [SMD=-0.44(CI: -0.65 to -0.22) p=0.001] which had no correlation with subjects age(p=0.10) or BMI(p=0.50) level. Conclusion: exercise training protocols are efficient tools for a remarkable decrease in serum FGF-21 in patients with metabolic disorders which seems to lead to more beneficial effects on metabolic disturbances. However, more clinical trials are still warranted in this area considering the role of exercise components such as exercise intensity and type
Zahra Ebrahimi, Ebrahim Mohammadali Nasab Firozjah, Sajad Roshani, Mostafa Zareei,
Volume 19, Issue 22 (12-2021)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence of injuries in the Iranian Football Premier League players before and after the outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19) through video analysis in the 2019-2020 season. The types of sports injuries were divided into acute and chronic categories based on the mechanism, and the injuries were analyzed by reviewing 143 videos from 239 matches. Prevalence, time of onset and affected area were recorded in a special sheet. According to the results, 219 injuries occurred before the outbreak of coronavirus and 276 injuries occurred after the outbreak of coronavirus. In the period before and after the outbreak of Corona virus, the lower limbs of the players (58/7%) were damaged more than other parts of their bodies. Also, the highest rate of injury occurred after the outbreak of coronavirus than before in the last minutes of the game (24/3%). Research Findings showed that the prevalence of injuries in Iranian Premier League football players in the post-outbreak period of Coronavirus increased due to home quarantine and closure of matches.
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Volume 20, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Hyper-kyphosis anomalies are common disorders of spine. The aim of this study was to Establishment of dynamic postural assessment indicators in young girls with and without hyper-kyphosis.
In the study, 200 girls were selected according to the angle of kyphosis they were divided into two groups comprising of with and without Hyper-kyphosis. Evaluate dynamic posture, the tests back flattening, wall angle position, bilateral forward reach, pelvic tail tuck, head hanging forward, shoulder mobility, shoulder range in internal rotation and external rotation were used. The results showed a significant difference between the partial and general scores of the dynamic body condition assessment test for girls, with and without Hyper-kyphosis. The normal kyphosis group had better dynamic posture than the Hyper-kyphosis group. Dynamic body posture assessment tests can be considered good tool to assess and identify the limitations and movement disorders of people with Hyper-kyphosis.
Vahideh Ranjbari, Mehdi Rafei Borujeni, Shahram Lenjannejadian,
Volume 20, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Introduction and aim: The kinematic analysis of elite athletes’ performance is an important method to determine effective parameters of sport performances. The purpose of the present study was to compare kinematic characteristics of the upper extremity in adolescence and adult players in three-step shoot in Handball. Methods: Nine elite adult handball players working in the Super League (23.55 ± 2.69 years) and ten teen handball players (16.4 ± 0.69 years) participated in this study. The pictures related to the final stage of the shoot were recorded three dimensionally and analyzed by a graphic interface in MATLAB software. The data related to the angular position, angular velocity and peak angular velocity and position corresponding to the upper limb joints of athletes, including the wrist, elbow and shoulder were obtained. Statistical data were used for analysis through student t-test for two independent groups with significance level p ≥ 0.05 in order to compare two groups. Findings: There were significant differences between two groups in angular position of elbow joint during extension at maximum angular velocity and linear velocity of the ball at the time of the release. Conclusion: it seems that other factors than cinematic characteristics such as anthropometric characteristics along with muscle strength in adult are important to get the maximum velocity of ball release.
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Volume 20, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Considering the prevalence of pain and disability in the knee joint, the present study investigated the effect of core stability training with improving knee joint proprioception on balance, pain and functional disability of women with chronic knee pain. 20 women aged 30 to 50 with chronic knee pain were placed in two experimental and control groups. To measure static and dynamic balance, pain and functional disability, the stork balance tests, Y, VAS and VOMACK questionnaire were used, respectively. Exercises were followed for eight weeks in the experimental group. To evaluate the research hypotheses, the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements was used in spss software version 24. The results showed that before the exercise protocol, there was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups in any of the measured variables. While the eight-week training protocol caused a significant difference in static and dynamic balance, functional disability and pain between the control and experimental groups. Therefore, core stability training with improving knee joint proprioception increase balance in people with chronic knee pain, which can reduce the risk of falling in these people and improve the quality of life by improving pain and functional disability.
Hossein Nabavinik, Mohsen Ali Darchini, Reza Azimi,
Volume 20, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Core stability and plyometric exercises are training methods that athletes use to improve their performance. The purpose of this study was exploring the effect of a period of six week plyometric and core stability exercise on some of physical fitness of boy's athlete. Methods: 36 male athletes who were male with 11-14 years old participated in the semi-experimental study. They randomly divided in three group that each group has 12 subjects (first group; core stability exercise, second group; plyometric exercise and third group; control). The performance tests (standing broad Jump, Vertical Jump, 9.1 m Sprint, Shuttle Run, Flexibility and seated medicine ball toss tests) applied a day before starting core stability and plyometric exercises. Then post-test applied. In order to analysis data, ANOVA test was used (p<0.05). Results: Both core stability and plyometric exercise group showed significance increase in performance tests (Standing Broad Jump, Vertical Jump, 9.1 m Sprint, Shuttle Run). Conclusion: Based on the findings, we recommend the core stability and plyometric exercises in order to improve some of physical fitness of athletes.
