Showing 251 results for Type of Study: Research
Mrs Fereshteh Shahidi, Mrs Hamide Ahmadi, Mr Majid Kashef,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Morteza Hoseini, Dr Heydar Sadeghi, Dr Razieh Yousefian Molla,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Determining specific abilities and skills in volleyball players depends on the amount of anthropometric, physiological, biomechanics and psychological characteristics of the players in this field and is vital for improving the performance of sports skills in them. Since by comparing these important factors in the group of teenagers and young adults, it is possible to guide teenagers towards success factors in youth and adulthood, the purpose of this research was to compare the main characteristics of elite teenage and young male volleyball players.
Methods: 30 male members of the national youth volleyball team of the Islamic Republic of Iran (15 youths and 15 teenagers) were examined in terms of their main anthropometric, biomechanics, physiological and psychological characteristics with the aim of evaluating and determining the main components and comparing them. In order to determine he main components of the evaluated indicators, first the PCA statistical method and then the independent t statistical method were used to compare the two groups(0.05≥p).
Results: Among the main indices of anthropometric, biomechanical, physiological and psychological characteristics, only the physiological index of maximum heart rate showed a significant difference between the two groups (0.05≥p).
Conclusion: It seems that the main differences of volleyball players in these two age groups are more related to experience in the game and mastery in the implementation of various skills and techniques, and all these main features can be found in the talent search process of this group of young people.
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Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Aim: Dust particles, as a new phenomenon caused by drought, are associated with the danger of various diseases. It seems that exercise can play an important role in this area by strengthening the immune system and improving muscle mass. the purpose of this research is to examine the impact of regular physical activity on the amino acid profile of individuals living in the provinces affected by dust particles in Iran. Methods: There were a total of 50 inactive healthy men, with an average age of 31.64±1.5 years and a body mass index of 26.33±5.6, from three provinces in Iran: Khuzestan (n=15), Ilam (n=15), and Kermanshah (n=20) randomly assigned to two control and regular physical activity groups. Regular physical activity was included: 30 sessions, circuit training three times a week include: hanging from the chin up (20 seconds), jumping over obstacles at a distance of one meter for a total of 540 cm, Sit-ups (30 seconds), chest press (70% 1RM -8 repetitions), leg press (70% 1RM -8 repetitions), back extension (15 repetitions), calf raise (70% 1RM -8 repetitions), zigzag jump (20 repetitions), six to ten reputation Illinois Agility Test with a 30 second rest interval. Prior to the study, 48 hours prior to the occurrence of dust particles, and after the study amino acids, fat percentage, maximum oxygen consumption, were measured. Results: It was found that time (pre-test - May 12, 2023) had a significant effect on amino acids, maximum oxygen consumption, body fat percentage in the training group (p<0.05). In the control group, there was no significant difference in the amino acid, maximum oxygen consumption, body fat percentage, (p>0.05). In terms of body fat percentage, there was a significant difference between the control and exercise groups (p=0.01), as well as maximum oxygen consumption (p=0.01). Conclusion: This study has demonstrated that regular exercise training reduce dust particle damage in those exposed to dust particles.
Dr Fatemeh Kazeminasab, Miss Motahareh Mohebinejad, Dr Karim Azali Alamdari,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Excessive fat deposition is associated with cardiovascular diseases, diabetes as well as hypertension. The aim of this study was to determine the net effect size of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on some factors associated with insulin sensitivity in adults with overweight and obesity.
Materials and methods: A search for English articles was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases without limiting the year of publication until February 2023. To calculate the effect size, WMD and 95% confidence interval were calculated using random effect model. Fixed effect model meta regression was used to determine treatment effects associations with other variables.
Results: In total, 13 studies with 446 adults with overweight and obesity (149 females, and 317 males) with 24.7-57 years old were included in the present meta-analysis. The results showed that HIIT caused a significant decrease in fasting glucose [WMD=-8.65 mg/dL, P=0.002], fasting insulin [WMD=-1.88 U/L P=0.005], and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [WMD=-3.33 mmHg. Weak correlations were observed in between HIIT’s net effect on DBP and insulin (r=-0.32, p=0.019) as well as with subjects’ age (r=-0.29, p=0.037) respectively in meta-regression assessments.
Conclusion: The rate of DBP reduction is sharper and these changes are also correlated with age. Therefore, HIIT is suggested as a Non-pharmacological Approach to prevent against future cardiometabolic risk factors in this population.
Behnam Moradi, Amir Letafatkar, Malihe Hadadnezhad, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Khalegi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Introduction and aim: Fatigue of injury-prone athletes and their placement in situations such as performing shear maneuvers increases the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Therefore, this research aims to answer the question, does functional fatigue change the effect of neuromuscular training on kinetic variables during cutting in injury-prone male athletes?
Methodology: The current research is semi-experimental and was carried out in two control and experimental groups as a pre-test and post-test design with and without fatigue before and after neuromuscular exercises. 32 males student-athletes aged 18 to 25 with trunk control defects were purposefully selected and randomly placed in the control group (16 people) and the experimental group (16 people). The force plane was used to measure ground reaction forces. Analysis of variance test was used for statistical analysis at a level smaller than P<0.05.
Results: The results of the present study showed a significant improvement in ground reaction force variables in the post-test of the experimental group compared to the pre-test (P<0.05). While none of these variables had significant changes in the control group (P>0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that doing trunk and hip neuromuscular training in athletes with a trunk control defect leads to a significant improvement in the stability of the trunk control, so in the conditions with and without fatigue, they were able to show a significant improvement in the selected parameters of the ground reaction forces. Therefore, this training method can probably be recommended as a beneficial method for athletes and the mentioned conditions
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Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Introduction: Balance and proprioception have been introduced as two of the most important internal factors related to the occurrence of injuries in the lower limbs. The purpose of this research is to investigate the changes in static and dynamic balance and proprioceptive accuracy of knee and ankle joints of young taekwondo athletes before and after applying the fatigue protocol.
Methodology: The current research is semi-experimental. The subjects of the research were 20 teenage male taekwondo players from the statistical population. Static and dynamic balance variables were measured respectively by Stork's static balance test and Y dynamic balance test, as well as the proprioception of the ankle and knee joints at 10 degrees of ankle dorsiflexion and 30 degrees of knee flexion, by the photographic method. Then the functional fatigue protocol was applied. After finishing the fatigue protocol, all the variables that were measured before applying the fatigue protocol were evaluated again. In order to examine the intra-group changes of the research variables in the pre- and post-test stages, the paired t-test was used.
Results: The results of the paired t-test showed that after applying the fatigue protocol, there is a significant difference between the average of all the investigated variables in the post-test stage compared to the pre-test.
Conclusion: The results of the present research showed that fatigue can reduce the static and dynamic balance as well as the proprioceptive accuracy of teenage taekwondo athletes. Therefore, it is recommended to all coaches and athletes of this sport, in order to delay the appearance of fatigue and the possibility of injury, to perform specialized training exercises in the field of taekwondo and according to the age of teenagers.
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Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background: Despite the relation between nervous system function, fatigue, and co-contraction, it seems that the difference in co-contraction changes due to fatigue induced by sprinting and endurance running probably indicates the dominance of one source of fatigue (central/peripheral) over the other. This study aimed to compare the effect of fatigue induced by endurance running and sprinting on the knee muscle co-contraction in active young women with the approach of identifying the origin of fatigue.
Methodology: Thirteen active young women volunteers (20-30 years, BMI 20-25kg/m2) were randomly selected. Subjects performed fatigue protocols during two sessions with four days of rest in between. The electrical activity of the vastus-medialis and vastus-lateralis muscles was recorded using an electromyography device before and after two stages of running 400-meter (with 100% effort) and 3000-meter (with 50% effort) during the execution of knee extension movement and co-contraction was calculated with the formula. Two-way repeated measure was used to analyze the data.
Results: There was no significant difference between the co-contraction of the selected muscles before and after sprinting (p=0.3) and endurance running (p=0.19) and no significant difference (p=0.85) between the difference in co-contraction rate in the pre-test and post-test of sprinting and endurance running.
Conclusion: Since there was no difference between the effect of fatigue caused by sprinting and endurance running on the co-contraction of the selected muscles, likely, the involvement of central factors in the appearance of fatigue caused by 400-meter sprinting and 3000-meter endurance running is similar and insignificant. The emergence of fatigue after the implementation of both protocols may be more due to environmental factors.
Maliheh Ardakanizadeh, Leila Vesaliakbarpour,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background: It seems that aerobic exercise in water is more effective in promoting motor fitness factors due to its greater resistance force compared to the dry environment. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of aerobic exercise in water and land on the physical fitness of inactive girls.
Methodology: Thirty non-athletic girls (18-25 years old) were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people: water and drought. The subjects performed aerobic activity for six weeks, 3 sessions per week, and 45 to 60 minutes per session with 60 to 70% of maximum heart rate. Before and after aerobic activity, their explosive power using the vertical jump (Sargent), agility by 4×9 test, reaction by reaction time test, and the balance by static balance test was calculated. For compare pre- and post-test, and to compare post-test results in water and land, One-way ANOVA with p<0.05 was used. Statistical testing was performed by SPSS version 20, and the graph were drawn by Excel 2013.
Results: After six weeks of aerobic activity (in water and land) compared to before the activity, significant improvement was found in the values of explosive power (p=0.001), agility (p=0.001) and static balance (p=0.003), while the comparison of training groups in water and land did not show a significant difference (p>0.05).
Conclusion: It seems that performing six weeks of aerobic activity in water and land can affect Explosive power, agility and static balance, but no effect on reaction, also there is no difference between the two environments.
Phd Kia Ranjbar,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of the present study is to introduce and examine several genes that are related to people's sports performance and can be effective in their selection and selection in their favorite sports field. Various factors of physical fitness and training ability have been investigated along with the risk of sports injury and mental fitness of athletes.
Findings: The sports performance of people and the monitoring of sports exercises have been influenced by the vast genetic map and environmental interventions. In the present study, the performance of the aerobic system with the ACE gene and its different alleles, the strength and power performance of people with the ACTN3 gene, and the risk of injury of people with different genes such as COL1A1, COL5A1, Tenascin (TNC), apolipoprotein E and blood groups were investigated. It is a prediction; also, the trainability and mental preparation of people in the talent search process can be predicted and possibly measured by genetic knowledge. On the other hand, using the knowledge of genetics and genetic profiles of athletes can be useful for detecting genetic and cellular doping and help organizations that work in the prevention of doping, such as WADA.
Conclusion: The combination of genetic knowledge and environmental interventions play an effective role not only in discussing an athlete's talent, but also in monitoring and improving their performance. While genetics can play a significant role, the prediction of sports success based on genetic knowledge has been limited to a specific set of genes. However, developing this knowledge and identifying more genes that can aid in talent identification and exercise monitoring requires further research.
Dr Sajad Karami, Dr Hamid Rajabi, Dr Fereshteh Shahidi, Dr Fereshteh Golab,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Introduction and purpose: Age-related changes in the expression of angiogenesis-stimulating and inhibitory genes are characteristics of aging and endothelial dysfunction. Aerobic exercise can stop or reduce this disorder. Considering the importance of resistance training in the rehabilitation of the elderly, the aim of this study was to investigate the compatibility of the response of the stimulating and inhibiting factors of angiogenesis after resistance exercise intervention in the elderly. Methodology: 24 elderly men with an average age of 67.75 years were selected in an accessible and purposeful manner. Blood samples were taken before and after a resistance activity session before and after 8 weeks of resistance training. Real Time PCR method was used to express HIF-1, VEGF, SDF-1 and VEGI genes in blood tissue. The difference in the values of the variables was evaluated by the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurement of mixed design at the level of P≤0.05 using SPSS software version 25. Findings: HIF-1, VEGF and SDF-1 gene expression levels of the training group increased in the stages of the primary post-test (after one session), secondary pre-test and secondary post-test (after 8 weeks of training) and VEGI had no gene expression. Discussion and conclusion: It can be cautiously said that although one session of resistance training leads to gene expression of angiogenesis factors, long-term resistance training with sufficient intensity and volume can It activates the rate of angiogenesis in a much wider range and should be considered as a supplement to aerobic exercises in old age.
Dr Sajad Karami, Dr Hamid Rajabi, Dr Majid Kashef, Dr Mohammad Ali Gharaat,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Introduction and purpose: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of acute glutamine supplementation along with intermittent exercise on Hsp70 and blood lactate response of club football players. Methodology: 32 players of the Tehran Railway team were selected and randomly divided into four groups: control, supplement, supplement-sports activity, and sports-activity. Subjects participated in daily exercises before conducting the study, and only two complementary groups - sports activity and sports activity - performed the periodic protocol. Blood samples were taken at baseline, pre-test, post-test and 90 minutes after the test. The supplement and placebo were consumed in an amount of 0.5 g/kgBW and a volume of 5 ml/kgBW one hour before the periodic protocol. The interval protocol included 3 stages of 20-minute running with an intensity of 80% of the maximum heart rate and a 5-minute rest of walking between the stages. HSP72 and blood lactate levels were measured using ELISA and enzymatic methods, respectively. The data were analyzed using the analysis of variance test with repeated measures and the between-group factor at the P≤0.05 level. Findings: Glutamine supplement alone and together with exercise stimulate the response of HSP72 and the combination of supplement and exercise leads to a greater response of HSP72 and lactate changes did not play a role in this response. Discussion and conclusion: It seem that taking glutamine supplements in the long term creates more adaptations, which of course should be studied.
Mojtaba Salehpour, Faezeh Rezvani, Farzane Hatami,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Background: GDNF protein is involved in neurocognitive plasticity and sarcopenia, and the increase of GDNF due to resistance training leads to healthier aging and delays sarcopenia, and TRX resistance training improves the performance and morale of the elderly. The purpose of this research is the effect of six weeks of TRX training on the level of GDNF protein in the serum of elderly women.
Materials and methods: The purpose of the research is applied with a semi-experimental method including pre-test - post-test with control group and field and laboratory data. 28 elderly women aged 55 to 75 years old from the retirement center of Shahid Rajaee Tarbiat University of Tehran were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (15 people) with an average age of 60.86 ± 5.60, weight 75.00 ± 11.95, BMI ± 4.22 27.65 and six weeks of TRX training and the control group (13 people) with an average age of 64.38 ± 4.03, weight 72.69 ± 4.95, BMI 28.33 ± 2.18 and no training were divided. In the first and sixth weeks, both groups were tested for upper body strength, lower body strength and GDNF protein level by ELISA method.Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check the normality of data distribution, Levine's test for homogeneity of variances and one-way analysis of covariance test at a significance level of P < 0.05 was used to test hypotheses and statistical calculations were performed with spss24.
Results: In the results of covariance analysis of upper body and lower body strength, there is a significant difference between the two groups at the level of P <0.05. By removing the effect of the pre-test variable, there is a significant difference between the amount of GDNF protein in the experimental and control groups. By comparing the adjusted averages in the experimental and control groups, the amount of GDNF protein in the experimental group (443.102 ± 15.751) is significantly higher than the control group (209.756 ± 17.029) (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Six weeks of TRX training had a significant effect on the amount of GDNF protein, upper and lower body strength of elderly women, and it can probably be effective in reducing or delaying sarcopenia.
Dr Elham Shakoor, Dr Sadegh Amani, Dr Ahmad Ghasemian,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Mohsen Alinaghizade, Reza Gharakhanlou, Mahdieh Mollanouri Shamsi,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Fatima Riyahi, Heydar Sadeghi, Elham Shirzad,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
The fencing lunge is one of the most common and fundamental attacking moves in fencing. The aim of this study was to provide kinematical compare of upper extremity among elite female and male senior fencers when performing a lunge. Four female and four male members of Iran National Team were selected as research sample. The subjects were filmed when performing a complete lunge with a camera of 300 Hz sampling rate to record their reactions to a light stimulus. To analyze the collected data, mean, standard deviation and student's-t test at significance level of p≤0.05 were used. The results revealed that elite male fencers had significantly shorter reaction and movement time comparing with elite female fencers. No major differences in other kinematic parameters indicate that elite male and female fencers performed lunge in similar way. The final conclusion of this study is that the existing differences in time of lunge technique may suggest the need for alternative training strategies to prepare fencing athletes.
Mrs Masume Fadaei, Dr Mehrdad Anbarian,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of quadriceps muscle fatigue on electromyographic activity of selected lower limb muscles during lifting loads using different techniques. Surface electromyography activity of the rectus femoris, vastus latralis, vastus medialis, biceps femoris, semitendinous, gastrocnemius medialis and tibialis anterior muscles of 20 able-bodied women were recorded before and after the quadriceps muscle fatigue using leg-press movement, squat, stoop and strudel techniques with 20% of body weight. Analysis of Variance with repeated measures was used for data analyses (p<0.05). After fatigue when lifting the load, the activity of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, biceps femoris and gastrocnemius medialis in squat and stoop techniques was significantly different compared to before fatigue condition. But no significant difference was observed between the activity of any of the muscles before and after fatigue in the straddle method. According to the results, it seems that when quadriceps muscle fatigue, the use of straddle technique to lift the load is more appropriate.
Mr Ehsan Ebrahimipour, Ms Fereshteh Sabet, Mr Shayan Hajebrahimi, Dr Mohammadreza Seyfaddini,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Circadian rhythms play a crucial role in regulating various physiological functions of the human body and can impact the ability to perform motor tasks. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of time of day on static and dynamic balance using a cognitive task approach. We recruited 24 elderly men aged between 60-70 years who performed both static (standing on the foot scanner) and dynamic (timed up and go) balance tests with and without cognitive dual tasks. Our statistical analysis, using a significance level of 0.05, revealed significant differences in the parameters of the 95% confidence ellipse (fluctuation range), length of path, and average velocity of the center of pressure when performing the dual task compared to normal walking. However, these variables did not significantly differ at different times of the day. Interestingly, our results showed that the center of pressure fluctuations in closed eyes and different times of the day did not have a significant difference. Overall, our findings suggest that healthy elderly individuals are at similar risk of falling or tripping during different hours of the day. Nonetheless, the simultaneous execution of dual cognitive tasks leads to balance disruption in both eyes-arm closed positions.
Mr Hamidreza Zanguie, Dr Mohammad Yousefi, Dr Abbas Farjadpezeshk, Khorshid Bijari,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Understanding the correct biomechanics of the knee joint during single-leg landing and correcting Incorrect movement patterns can be one of the ways to prevent the recurrence of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to review the researches that investigated the biomechanics of the coronal plane of the lower limb during multidirectional single leg landing. The relevant articles from valid databases with the keywords Single Leg Landing, Landing, Kinematic, Biomechanics, Return to Sport, Performance Test, Functional Test, Hop Test, Kinetic thematic search methods from 1995 to 2023 were examined. A total of 1022 articles were identified then duplicate studies were eliminated in the next stage, the titles and abstracts of the studies were reviewed and 439 studies were excluded due to inconsistency with the research question. Finally, only 19 articles that met the inclusion criteria were examined. This review showed that only SLL in the forward direction has been investigated in most of the literature using a 3D motion analysis system. There is also no evidence on the biomechanics of other directions of SLL and on the use of 2D motion analysis to evaluate the biomechanics of multidirectional SLL.
Mrs Maryam Ghorbani, Dr Rasoul Yaali,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
Different postural stability and functional movements may play an important role in secondary injuries in people with flexible flatfeet compared to people with normal feet. However, the difference between static and dynamic stability and functional movements of people with and without flexible flatfeet has not been investigated. This study compared static and dynamic stability and functional movements of subjects with and without flexible flatfeet and examined the relationship between functional movements and static and dynamic stability. 96 subjects (flexible flatfeet group: 25; normal feet group: 71) functional movement screening test (FMS); Sharpened Romberg balance test and Y balance test were performed. The scores of functional movements and static stability in the normal feet group were significantly higher than the flexible flatfeet group (p≤0.05). The total score of the Y test was not significantly different between the two groups (p≥0.05). In the group of normal feet, a significant correlation was observed between functional movement scores and dynamic stability (p≤0.05). These results show that subjects with flexible flatfeet have different movement performance and static stability compared to subjects with normal feet, but they have similar dynamic stability. It may indicate that there is no connection between static and dynamic stability and these two functions are separate from each other.
Farshid Aghabeigi, Mohammad Karimizadeh Ardakani, Mohammad Hossein Alizadeh, Hooman Minoonejad,
Volume 0, Issue 0 (11-2019)
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to design and implement a system for the surveillance of sports injuries in students. Sports injuries of male and female high school students in Ilam province were recorded by physical education teachers using online methods and paper forms during one academic semester. At the end, a questionnaire was used to survey them regarding these methods. The research is of a descriptive-comparative type and Chi-square (x2) was used at the significance level (P<0.05) to analyze the results. A total of 151 injuries were reported, of which 76 injuries (50.4 percent) were registered with the online method, 70 injuries (46.3 percent) with the online paper method, and 5 injuries (3.3 percent) with the paper method. Online registration (146 injuries) is significantly more used than paper registration (75 injuries) (p=0.001) physical education teachers give the reasons for using the online method more: availability, easier working with it, and recovery It is easier to record information. On the other hand, they mentioned the interruption and slowness of the internet speed as things that can cause disruption. According to the results, it seems that the use of online methods is more effective in registering sports injuries in schools.
