Showing 46 results for Exercise
F Sakipour, D H Mojtahedi,
Volume 15, Issue 13 (9-2017)
Abstract
Urinary incontinence has an increasing process among aged women and its statistics in women in The Home for the Elderly is more than others. The purpose of this study is to investigate effect of 4 weeks Spinal Stabilization exercises on urinary incontinence of the elderly people. In this study, participants are elderly women from age of 50 to 70 years old (67±11kg and BMI of 27±4kg/m2), who were placed in two experimental and control groups (10 people in each group) for 4 weeks (3 sessions per week). Urinary incontinence of the participants was measured through ICIQ-OAB questionnaire in pretest and posttest steps. According to abnormal distribution of data, nonparametric tests are used such as Wilcoxon and U Mann Whitney tests to test intragroup and intergroup variations at the level of p≤0.05. Spinal stabilization exercises caused significant reduction of urinary incontinence in elderly women (p=0.001), so that the exercises can result in insignificant reduction of urinary frequency per day (p=0.083), significant reduction of urinary frequency per night (p=0.001), stress of fast use of WC (p=0.001) and leakage of urine (p=0.002). Moreover, intergroup investigations showed that experimental group has lower urinary incontinence than control group (p=0.01). Spinal stabilization exercises can result in reduction of urinary incontinence and its components through strengthening pelvic floor and abdominal muscles.
Mr Vahid Sotoodeh, Dr Reza Gharakhanloo, Mrs Solmaz Khaligh Fard, Mrs Samaneh Khaligh Fard, Dr Alimohammad Alizadeh,
Volume 15, Issue 14 (10-2017)
Abstract
Introduction: The decorin is a myokine that modulates the growth and the development of the cancer cells through the interaction with TGF-β. The present study is aimed to evaluate the protective effects of 8 weeks interval aerobic exercise on the expression of decorin and TGF-β, and tumor volume in a typical animal of breast tumor. Materials and Methods: In a exprimental research, forty adult female Balb/c mices were randomly divided into four groups: control, tumor, exercise, and exercise with the tumor. The main exercise was performed four weeks before and after tumor with 50-70 percent of the maximum power of mices. The mices were cancerous by subcutaneous surgery with tumor of adenocarcinoma of mice breast in the tumor group and the exercise group with the tumor. Tumor growth was measured weekly. At the end of the study, tumor and soleus muscle were extracted by surgery. Real-Time PCR method was used to evaluate the expression of decorin and TGF-β and data were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA and post-hoc methods with considering the significant level of p<0.05. Results: The tumor growth rate in tumor group was significantly higher than the exercise group with the tumor. A significant difference confirmed between four groups In the level of decorin expression in soleus muscle (F=12.30 , P=0.0023). The Post hoc test showed that 8 weeks of interval aerobic training significantly increased the expression of decorum gene in soleus muscle in two pairs of exercise group compared with control group and exercise group with tumor compared to tumor group (P=0.02). The expression of TGF-β in tumor tissue showed a significant reduction in exercise group with tumor compared with tumor group. Conclusion: Our results showed that interval aerobic training probably contributes to decreasing the growth of breast cancer cells by increasing the expression of decorin and decreasing the expression of TGF-β.
M Naghibi,
Volume 17, Issue 17 (4-2019)
Abstract
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density resulting into an increased risk of fracture (9). The aim of the study is determine the effect of aerobic exercise with blood flow restriction (BFR) and vitamin D supplementation on ostosis metabolic markers (OMM) among middle aged females. In this study 30 females with age of 42.76±7.44, height of 157.90±5.74, weight of 70.55±9.68 and BMI of 28.33±3.87, divided in three groups of 10 subjects, randomly. Two empirical Groups with and without BFR, both with vitamin D supplementation, one hour before training, performed aerobic exercise during eight weeks, three days a week, one hour a day, with 50 - 70% intensity of maximal heart rate. Density of OMM, calcium, phosphorous and alkaline phosphate examined in lab, 48 hours before and after training period in saving status before breakfast. Aerobic power of empirical groups determined with 12 minutes run/ walking cooper test. For data analysis used descriptive statistics, ANOVA and analysis variance with repeated measures. Results showed that eight weeks exercise with BFR and vitamin D supplementation, the density of calcium and phosphorous increased significantly. The density of Alkaline - phosphate did not show variation significantly. In the other hand, only the rate of calcium showed variation significantly, which increased in without BFR more than others. In conclusion, aerobic exercise with and without BFR and vitamin D supplementation can increase the density of OMM, calcium, phosphorous and alkaline- phosphate. But only the density of calcium showed increasing significantly.
S Ilbeigi, M.r Poorbahram, M Saghebjoo,
Volume 17, Issue 17 (4-2019)
Abstract
Purpose:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of muscle soreness due to the plyometric exercises on leg muscle EMG activity after concentric and eccentric contractions in untrained people. 20 students from untrained male students (at least 6 months out of practice), were randomly assigned to experimental (n=10) and control (n=10) groups. At pre-test, surface electromyographic activity of gastrocnemius muscle were recorded using by the Biovision 18 channel device during the both concentric (squat / plantar flexion of the ankle) and eccentric (wirepuller / ankle dorsiflexion) contractions. Then, in order to build muscle soreness, experimental group exerted 10 minutes selected plyometric exercises, while the control group did not have any training. Finally, immediately after protocol training and also after 48 hours the same record was done. Data were analyzed by Dasylab and Matlab software, and the ANOVA Repeated Measure and Bonferroni post hoc also were used for statistical analysis at a significance level of P≤0/05. The results showed that fatigue resulting from plyometric exercises, could have significant reduction in activity of gastrocnemius muscle immediately and 48 hours after exercise during eccentric contraction (P=0/001), while it was not true for concentric. According to the results, the risk of eccentric contraction could be considered for untrained people during training.
A Gorzi, R Jazaei, A Rahmani, A Bahari,
Volume 17, Issue 18 (12-2019)
Abstract
Determining the best rest interval durations between resistance exercise sets for adaptation is very important. This study investigated the effect of different rest intervals duration between resistance exercise (RE) sets on the gene expression of CGRP and IGF-1. Forty two male Wistar rats were randomly divided in to 7 groups. The resistance exercise included one session of climbing on one meter ladder with 26 steps. Exercise included 4 sets of 5 repetitions with an overload of 150 percent of the rat's body weight and 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 seconds rest intervals. The qRT-PCR technique was used to evaluate the gene expression of CGRP and IGF-1. The gene expression of CGRP in soleus muscles following RE with rest intervals of 30 (P=0.001), 60 (P=0.001) and 90 seconds (P=0.001) were significantly lower than 120, 150 and 180 seconds. However, there were no significant differences in the gene expression of IGF-1 among all groups (P=0.12). Based on our results, it seems that these rest interval domains can be addressed as a cut point of gene expression for the strength and hypertrophy developing process at the cellular level.
A Yalfani, B Maleki, Z Raeisi,
Volume 17, Issue 18 (12-2019)
Abstract
Chronic low back pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems. This disease, in addition to causing pain and disability affects the gait parameters in patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aquatic exercises therapy on the severity of pain, disability and Spatiotemporal parameters and kinetic of gait in women with chronic low back pain. Twenty-four women with chronic low back pain (with a mean age of 26.6 years) participated in this study. The exercise protocol was conducted in water for 8 weeks. The severity of pain and disability were measured by Quebec and Oswestry questionnaires respectively. gait parameters were evaluated using a foot pressure device. Aquatic exercises therapy significantly decreased pain and disability severity and significantly improved gait parameters in the experimental group (p≤0.05). Fore there more, the significant difference between the variables in the post-test was obtained between experimental and control groups (p≤0.05). No significant difference was observed between the pre-test and post-test comparisons in the control group (p≥0.05). Regarding the reduction of pain and disability and improvement of gait parameters after eight weeks’ intervention in experimental group, the use of this protocol is recommended to improve patients with chronic low back pain as a new method.
A Golchini, N Rahnama,
Volume 18, Issue 19 (7-2020)
Abstract
Pronation distortion syndrome is one of the most common abnormalities in the body that causes distortions in the structures of the skeletal structures of the lower extremities and increases postural sways. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 12-week corrective exercises on postural sways in male students with pronation distortion syndrome. In this semi experimental research, 30 volunteers had pronation distortion syndrome, were selected and then randomly and equal divided into two groups of control and experimental (n=15). The experimental group performed corrective exercise consisting of inhibitory, stretching, strengthening, and integrated exercises for three months, but the control group carried out their routine exercise. The postural sways conterol were evaluated before and after of the three month of performing corrective exercises. Independent and dependent t-test were used to analyze the results (P≤0/05). The showed significant improvement in postural sways control and ground reaction force (P≤0/001), effect size 0.8 and 95% confidence interval after three months of corrective exercise, but in control group there was no significant difference (P≥0/05). In addition, after intervention, the experimental group were significantly lower in postural sways conterol and ground reaction force than the conterol group (P≤0/001), but this difference was not significant in the pre-test (P≥0/05). It seems that systematic corrective exercise led to improve the activity of the muscles responsible for body sways conterol, which also reduces postural sways and ground reaction force in people with pronation distortion syndrome, so it is recommended that researchers, trainers, and specialists consider systematic corrective exercise in order to improve posture sways conterol and ground reaction force in people with pronation distortion syndrome.
Soroush Shah Hosseini, Amir Hossein Barati, Mohammad Hossein Nasermeli, Mohsen Moradi,
Volume 18, Issue 20 (11-2020)
Abstract
Given that more than 50 percent of patellofemoral pain syndrome include of overuse injuries, the aim of this study was to compare the vastus medialis muscle activity in individuals with patellofemoral pain syndrome after a period of strength and flexibility training with and without the electrophysiological feedback. A total of 30 subjects (15 men and 15 women) participated in this study. Subjects were divided into three group's control, therapeutic and therapeutic with electrophysiological feedback. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the activity of vastus medialis muscle in between groups. The results of this study showed that there was a significant difference between the groups in the activity of the vastus medialis muscle activity (P <0.05). The results of Tukey's post hoc test for intra-group comparisons showed that there was a significant difference between the control group with the therapeutic group (P = 0.024), the control group with the therapeutic group and the electrophysiological feedback (P=0.028) and the therapeutic group with the therapeutic group and the electrophysiological feedback (P<0.001). Conclusion: Regarding the results of this study, therapeutic exercises with electrophysiological feedback have a greater effect on the activity of vastus medialis than the therapeutic group in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.
Zahra Mohammadpour , Karim Azali Alamdari, Azam Zarneshan,
Volume 18, Issue 20 (11-2020)
Abstract
There is a large necessity for met analytic investigation of the blood pressure (BP) response to aquatic exercise training (AET) in hypertensive patients. was to quantify BP changes after (AET) and identify subgroups exhibiting the largest changes. Clinical trials investigating the impact of AET on hypertensive patients published in English and Persian research journals up to July 2020 were searched from google scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, SID and magiran. Finally, 12 trials were analyzed to quantify effect sizes (difference in means with 95% confidence intervals) using Random Effects model. Subgroup analyses included gender, menopause status, number of sessions per week and training intensity categories. Simple random-effects meta-regression analysis (methods of moment approach) was performed to investigate the association between changes in BP and changes in both training duration and water temperature. AET decreased both SBP and DBP; -12/29 and -5/69 mm Hg respectively, regardless to hypertensive subjects’ characteristics, training session count per week and water temperature. A tendency for larger reductions in SBP with greater reductions in body weight (β1=0.38, P=0.003) and water temperature (β1=1-.29, P=0.012) were observed after AET. In addition, the magnitude of the effect of AET on both SBP and DBP were significant in all subgroups (except for SBP in males) (P <0.05). AET remarkably lowers both SBP and DBP in hypertensive emphasizing on the clinical importance of AET in controlling hypertension. Likewise; it seems more BP reductions could be inevitable in patients with lower body weight and also elevations in water temperature (up to 38 °C). However, more clinical trials still need to be provided because of the lack of evidence and also heterogeneity of the results.
Maryam Askari, Mohammad Shariatzadeh Joneydi, Hadi Rohani, Sepideh Vakilmahallati,
Volume 18, Issue 20 (11-2020)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short-term green tea (matcha) supplementation on fat burning rate during exercise in obese women. The subjects of this study were 10 obese women (36.8±4.7 yrs, BMI 32.6±5.9 kg/m2, weight 83.4±1.9 kg). Subjects consumed 1 g/day matcha for 7 days. An incremental exercise test on a treadmill was performed before and after the supplementation period to measure the maximal fat oxidation (MFO) and corresponding intensity (FATmax). Blood samples were taken before and immediately after the test for measuring the serum levels of Glycerol. Paired t-test and ANOVA was used to compare the means of variables. There was no significant difference in mean FATmax between before and after matcha supplementation (p=0.481). Also, no significant difference was observed in MFO between before and after matcha supplementation (p=0.587). Matcha supplementation after one exercise session did not have a significant effect on plasma glycerol; However, exercise alone reduced plasma glycerol levels. In general, the findings of this study showed that matcha supplementation, at least in short-term period, does not improve the fat oxidation rate and plasma glycerol during exercise in obese women.
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Volume 19, Issue 22 (12-2021)
Abstract
Aim: Neuropathy control and management is an objective in therapeutic exercises prescribed for patients with Type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy. We examined the effects of 12-week integrated exercises (IE) on glycemic control and peripheral sensation criteria in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Methods: Based on scores of MNSI, we assigned 40 patients into two equal paired random groups (control vs. IE). Pre and post-tests were administered before and after three months of intervention for 3 sessions per week with a time of 60 minutes in the first week and gradually increased with the duration and volume of training to 90 minutes in the final session.
Results: Repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant interaction between FBS of the groups (P = .26), but significant interactions were observed between the levels of 2 hrs pp G , 4 pm G, HbA1c, Diapason, Monofilament, and Thermofeel in favor of the IE group (P <.05). Conclusion: At the beginning of the IE, we used massage and foam roller to release pain, and improve blood circulation as well as sensation in the neuropathic areas. This may have helped the patients perform the aerobic and resistance exercises more easily Therefore, better glycemic control and peripheral sensation was achieved. Verification of the long-term effects of this training strategy requires further study.
Dr Ali Asghar Ravasi, Dr Mousa Khalafi, Dr Karim Azali Alamdari,
Volume 19, Issue 22 (12-2021)
Abstract
Background and objective: Effects of exercise training on metabolic disorders through modifications in fibroblast growth factor -21 (FGF-21) level are controversial. Therefore, the aim of study was to determine the quantitative effect of exercise training protocols on serum FGF-21 level in adults with metabolic disorders. Methods: A systematic search of the published Persian or English-language studies from PubMed and Google Scholar databases up to march 2021 was done and standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using random-effects models. Results: a total of 14 studies (aerobic training=3, resistance training=3, HIIT=4, concurrent training=4) including on 19 interventions conducted on 503 subjects (with overweight, obesity, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and or fatty liver disease) were eligible to include in the meta-analysis. However, because of the heterogeneity, the final quantitative impact of 16 interventions was calculated as a declining serum FGF21 level after training [SMD=-0.44(CI: -0.65 to -0.22) p=0.001] which had no correlation with subjects age(p=0.10) or BMI(p=0.50) level. Conclusion: exercise training protocols are efficient tools for a remarkable decrease in serum FGF-21 in patients with metabolic disorders which seems to lead to more beneficial effects on metabolic disturbances. However, more clinical trials are still warranted in this area considering the role of exercise components such as exercise intensity and type
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Volume 20, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Considering the prevalence of pain and disability in the knee joint, the present study investigated the effect of core stability training with improving knee joint proprioception on balance, pain and functional disability of women with chronic knee pain. 20 women aged 30 to 50 with chronic knee pain were placed in two experimental and control groups. To measure static and dynamic balance, pain and functional disability, the stork balance tests, Y, VAS and VOMACK questionnaire were used, respectively. Exercises were followed for eight weeks in the experimental group. To evaluate the research hypotheses, the analysis of variance test with repeated measurements was used in spss software version 24. The results showed that before the exercise protocol, there was no significant difference between the control and experimental groups in any of the measured variables. While the eight-week training protocol caused a significant difference in static and dynamic balance, functional disability and pain between the control and experimental groups. Therefore, core stability training with improving knee joint proprioception increase balance in people with chronic knee pain, which can reduce the risk of falling in these people and improve the quality of life by improving pain and functional disability.
Hossein Nabavinik, Mohsen Ali Darchini, Reza Azimi,
Volume 20, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Core stability and plyometric exercises are training methods that athletes use to improve their performance. The purpose of this study was exploring the effect of a period of six week plyometric and core stability exercise on some of physical fitness of boy's athlete. Methods: 36 male athletes who were male with 11-14 years old participated in the semi-experimental study. They randomly divided in three group that each group has 12 subjects (first group; core stability exercise, second group; plyometric exercise and third group; control). The performance tests (standing broad Jump, Vertical Jump, 9.1 m Sprint, Shuttle Run, Flexibility and seated medicine ball toss tests) applied a day before starting core stability and plyometric exercises. Then post-test applied. In order to analysis data, ANOVA test was used (p<0.05). Results: Both core stability and plyometric exercise group showed significance increase in performance tests (Standing Broad Jump, Vertical Jump, 9.1 m Sprint, Shuttle Run). Conclusion: Based on the findings, we recommend the core stability and plyometric exercises in order to improve some of physical fitness of athletes.
Saeed Vahedi, Mareft Siah Koohian, Milad Rahati, Negar Rostami, Elaheh Fallahzadeh, Roghayeh Afrondeh,
Volume 20, Issue 23 (9-2022)
Abstract
Covid 19 disease is associated with a wide range of clinical symptoms and long-term complications. For most sports medicine professionals, it's a new challenge for people to resume their previous activities after recovering from Covid 19 after receiving the exercise prescription and care. The aim of this study was to review the appropriate physical activity for those recovering from Covid 19 infection based on the type of involvement they developed during the illness. For this study, a review study method was selected. This is done in three steps. In the first stage, physical activity in Quid, in the second stage, organ involvement in Quid, and in the third stage, sports prescriptions in organ involvement by searching for appropriate keywords in reputable scientific databases such as Pubmed, ACSM, SID. ir and Science Direct were searched, content related to the purpose of the articles were extracted and collected and analyzed for content. Examination of organs after recovery from Covid 19 infection is essential to return to physical activity. Physical activity prescriptions in those recovering from Corona varies from disease to patient, and organ to organ. Exercising in Covid conditions requires consideration. The cardiovascular, respiratory, blood, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal systems are affected by Covid 19 infection. Exercise, on the other hand, has different effects on the immune system depending on its severity, and the immune system undergoes changes in Covid 19 disease. The type, intensity, and duration of exercise or physical activity vary according to the patient and the symptoms or side effects left by Quid, and the readiness of the various organs for physical activity should be assessed.
Dr Majid Kashef, Dr Maral Ramez, Azam Ahmadi,
Volume 20, Issue 24 (3-2023)
Abstract
It is estimated that by 2035, more than 130 million adults will suffer from various types of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is very important to know the pathogens of cardiac diseases and investigate new treatments. Also, despite continuous progress in diagnosis, patient education, and risk factor management, myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the most common causes of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality worldwide. The events associated with MI are highly complex and characterized by rapid metabolic and biochemical changes. Exercise training is an effective cardioprotective strategy that reduces adverse effects of MI and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Multiple signaling pathways of exercise preconditioning in mitigating MI-induced cardiac damage is one of the topics that has attracted much attention. In this article, some of the contributing factors in exercise-induced cardiac protection, including mitochondrial changes, metabolic changes, vascular adaptations, antioxidant capacity, heat shock proteins, cyclooxygenase levels, ATP-sensitive potassium channels, adenosine, protein kinase C, calcium and klotho homeostasis are discussed.
Nafise-Sadat Shahamiri, Dr Mohammad-Ali Soleiman-Fallah, Dr Foad Feizolahi,
Volume 20, Issue 24 (3-2023)
Abstract
The aim of this study is the effect of one period core stability exercise with and without kinesio taping on biomechanical effective factors in lower cross syndrome on female. 36 female between 30 to 40 were randomly divided in to 3 groups (control, with taping and without taping). each group consist 12 participant. To measure Pelvic slope, Hip and Knee ROM, Isometric strength of flexors and extensors, Abdominal muscle endurance, Flexibility of spine extensors, Endurance of core muscles, respectively was used Inclinometer, Goniometer, Dynamometer, Body flection test, Body straightening test and Planck test to the side. To evaluate research hypotheses, if there is a significant difference between them we was used analysis of covariance test and multiple comparison in averages with post hoc bonferroni test. The result of the survey indicate that difference between taping and control groups were significant in pelvic slope, hamstring and rectus femoris flexibility, knee and hip flexors muscle strength )p≥0/05(. Difference between without taping and control groups were significant in pelvic slope, rectus femoris and spine extensors flexibility (p≥0/05(. Difference between with and with¬out taping groups were significant in hamstring and iliopsoas flexibility, knee flexors, hip flexors, extensors, adductors strength, core muscles endurance )p≥0/05(. The results show that training with taping has an effective role on reducing lower cross syndrome. So it is suggested that taping can be used as an non-aggressive and low-cost method at the same time with exercise.
Reza Khazaei, Dr Mansour Sahebozamani, Dr Abdolhamid Daneshjoo,
Volume 20, Issue 24 (3-2023)
Abstract
Postural disorders disrupt muscle activity and lead to joint dysfunction. Maintaining the function of the shoulder joint requires precise coordination and on-time action of muscles, and its dysfunction lead to change in the level of muscle activity, movement disorder. This study aimed to measure the effects of corrective exercise program with kinesiotaping and physio-ball and durability of these effects after 4 weeks on EMG of serratus anterior, middle trapezius and rhomboids major muscles among male young with upper crossed syndrome. Forty-five male young with upper crossed syndrome (control group: age:17.00±0.75, height 163.93±2.01, weight 65.20±6.51، BMI 25.10±2.76, corrective exercise with physio-ball: age 16.93±0.88, height 161.66±6.85 ,weight 63.40±10.09، BMI 26.84±3/04, corrective exercise with kinesiotaping: age 17.00± 0.92, height 161.53±7.25, weight 62.86±6/81, BMI 27.88±3/84) objectively selected and participated in this study. The training program designed based on the previous studies and conducted during 8 weeks, three sessions per week (each session 40 to 60 minutes) under the supervision of the examiner. EMG device was used to measure of the MVIC electrical activity of trapezius, rhomboids and serratus anterior muscle during external and internal rotation and extension of shoulder. After 4 weeks of the training, the post-tests were repeated.The one way ANCOVA was showed that the amount of electrical activity of the selected shoulder girdle muscles after eight weeks of testing in both experimental groups in the post-test and after one month inactivity test were significantly improved than the pre-test Group corrective exercise with physioball (serratus anterior p= 0.001,17.14%, middle trapezius p=0.001,15.79% and rhomboids major p=0.001,14.81%), corrective exercise with kinesiotaping (serratus anterior p=0.001,17.14%, middle trapezius p=0.001,21.62% and rhomboids major p=0.001,20%) and durability in group of corrective exercise with physioball (serratus anterior p=0.001, 8.6%،, middle trapezius p=0.001, 7.9% and rhomboids major p=0.001, 7.4%) durability in group corrective exercise with kinesiotaping (serratus anterior p=0.001, 8.6%, middle trapezius p=0.001،16.2 % and rhomboids major p=0.001, 8%). Considering the results of the present research, it can be stated that corrective exercise programs with kinesio taping and physioball have an effect on the electrical activity and durability of selected shoulder girdle muscles and And these effects are lasting even after 4 weeks. It is suggested to use this program of corrective exercises for male students with upper crossed syndrome to improve their shoulder girdle muscles strength.
Negin Gilsamaei, Dr Seyd Sadredin Shojaedin, Dr Hassan Sadeghi,
Volume 20, Issue 24 (3-2023)
Abstract
The prevalence of sports injuries in martial arts is high. Most Taekwondo injuries also occur in the lower extremities. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of a period of plyometric exercises, with and without stretching exercises, on knee valgus dynamics, flexibility and functional variables of elite female taekwondo athletes at risk of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. 45 elite female taekwondo athletes aged 15-25 years with anterior cruciate ligament injuries participated in this study. Knee valgus dynamics in squat movement were measured with KINOVEA software. Flexibility was measured with direct leg lift test and performance indicators were measured with Y-balance, three-step jump and error scoring system. The tests were conducted before and after eight weeks of plyometric exercises, along with the stretching exercises. Then, the data obtained were analyzed.There was a significant difference between the results of pre-test and post-test data measured in the two experimental groups (P ≥ 0.05). According to the stark differences based on the analyzed data, it is clearly evident that the group of athletes with plyometric exercises with stretching have obtained far superior results and outcome..Plyometric exercises with stretching had a significant effect on reducing the risk of injury, as well as increasing the flexibility and performance of elite female taekwondo athletes exposed to anterior cruciate ligament injury. Considering the vast improvements reported for the plyometric training group with stretching, it is recommended that these interventions be used to reduce the risk of injury and increase the performance of taekwondo practitioners.
Mr Reza Asadi, Dr Mohammad Reza Kordi, Dr Fatemeh Shabkhiz,
Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023)
Abstract
Neurodegenerative processes play an important role in the progression of MS. Appropriate exercise training and living in an enriched environment (EE) can improve or prevent the progression of the disease through the secretion of some neurodevelopmental factors in the hippocampus, including irisin and the neutrophic factor derived from the mouse. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of 4 weeks of aerobic and resistance training and EE on irisin protein and hippocampus BDNF levels in female C57BL6 mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). 50 female mice (age 8 weeks, average weight 18 ± 2 grams) were randomly divided into five equal groups (10 mice in each group): 1- healthy control, 2- control + EAE, 3- resistance activity + EAE, 4- Aerobic activity + EAE and 5- EE + EAE. The first and second weeks of adaptation to the environment and then induction of EAE were performed. The training groups trained 5 days a week for half an hour a day for 4 weeks, and the EE group was transferred to its equipped cage. 48 hours after the last training session, the mice were anesthetized and then dissected and tissue removed. The ELISA method was used to measure the amounts of proteins, and the analysis of variance and Tukey's t-test were used to determine the differences between the research variables. All analyzes were performed at a significance level of 0.05 and with SPSS22 software. Hippocampal BDNF expression was increased in all three training groups compared to the EAE control group. This increase in the EE and resistance training group was significant compared to both the EAE control group and the swimming training group. Also, hippocampal irisin expression increased in all three training groups compared to the EAE control group, and this increase was significant in the EE and resistance training groups. Also, the expression of irisin in the EE group increased more than the two aerobic swimming and resistance training groups, and this increase was proportional to It was meaningful to the swimming aerobic training group. It seems that EE and resistance training can increase the secretion of nerve growth factors such as irisin and BDNF and thus help to improve MS disease.
