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Bahram Imani,
Volume 10, Issue 38 (3-2022)
Volume 10, Issue 38 (3-2022)
Abstract
Introduction
The role and position of villages in the process of economic development, Social and political in different scales and the consequences of its underdevelopment such as poverty, Inequality, Immigration and unemployment, fast population growth, It has caused attention to rural development and its priority over urban development. Since the Today, the main economic problem of rural communities is Their inability to understand the available resources and facilities and not recognizing priorities, It is necessary to get the rural economy out of the current situation. therefore, Identifying the components of branding have a direct impact on achieving these benefits, Because in addition to solving problems, it can also have positive consequences. Ardabil is one of the agricultural poles of the country, Which has considerable potential in relation to product branding And more than four million tons of agricultural products are produced in the province. therefore, Branding in rural areas of the province can Lead to the organization and prevention of sporadic action in rural development programs And this through branding of agricultural products, Numerous tourist attractions And handicrafts And creating a target market for export products is possible, Because in recent years, economic constraints that have been accompanied by a significant reduction in manpower in the work process have affected the conditions of the rurals. according to this, Identifying and evaluating brand components is essential in order to achieve economic empowerment. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the analysis of rural brand components on economic empowerment in rural areas of the central part of Ardabil city.
Research Methods
The present study in terms of applied purpose And is based on a descriptive-analytical nature. The statistical population of the study includes two groups of experts and local people in the villages of the central part of Ardabil city. Panel members (experts) in this study in the form of non-probabilistic purposive sampling, 30 qualified people were selected. To obtain the required sample among the local community using cluster sampling in five rural areas of the central part, Initially, six villages from each district And from each village, 436 people were randomly selected as a sample. Data collection method To answer research questions It has been in the form of a library and a questionnaire. To measure research variables, In the variable part of the effects of brand components, Four indicators in the form of 30 indicators and 13 indicators in the economic empowerment variable were used. The validity of the questionnaire was examined by a panel of experts and experienced in this field And confirmed. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, 30 questionnaires were distributed in the same area And the total reliability of the questionnaire was estimated to be 0.917. Analysis of the findings of the questionnaire using the opinion of experts, Mick Mac software was used. In order to analyze the views of the local community, Spss software was used, Where Pearson correlation coefficient to examine the relationship between research variables, Multivariate regression coefficient was used to determine the effect of brand effects on economic empowerment of villagers.
Discussion and conclusion
The results based on the effective and influential rural brand plan indicate that: The system is in an unstable state And most of the factors are scattered around the diagonal axis and are in a similar position to each other And only their weakness and intensity are different from each other. The results were 100% desirable after 4 spins of cross-effect data. And this indicates the favorable validity of the questionnaire. The filling rate of the matrix is 92.62% Which shows that more than 92% of cases, the factors in question have affected each other. After scoring and analysis by Mick Mac model, 15 factors were selected as key factors And from the 15 factors extracted, Five factors of the existence of facilities, Animal species, Local business development, Handicrafts Proper waste disposal was more important. Findings are based on multivariate regression Considering the level of significance of the test with a confidence level of 0.95 among the four effects of the rural brand, Physical effects index with beta coefficient of 0.855 had the greatest effect on the dependent variable And 0.723 of the total variance explains economic empowerment. On the other hand, The environmental effects of the brand with a beta coefficient of 0.640 have had the least effect in explaining economic empowerment And explains only 0.391 of the variance. The results also showed Pearson correlation coefficient, Between the effects of rural branding and economic empowerment, There is a positive and significant relationship. According to the results obtained, it can be said, Economic empowerment is one of the dimensions of sustainable development Emphasizing the existing capacities and potentials in the region, Provides employment and income generation and strengthens production. Pay attention to capabilities And the potential capabilities of these areas And given the existence of a strong and motivated workforce, By investing and branding through flagship agricultural products, Numerous tourist and handicraft attractions and creating a target market for export products And income generation for the villagers, Provided the necessary ground for their economic empowerment.
The role and position of villages in the process of economic development, Social and political in different scales and the consequences of its underdevelopment such as poverty, Inequality, Immigration and unemployment, fast population growth, It has caused attention to rural development and its priority over urban development. Since the Today, the main economic problem of rural communities is Their inability to understand the available resources and facilities and not recognizing priorities, It is necessary to get the rural economy out of the current situation. therefore, Identifying the components of branding have a direct impact on achieving these benefits, Because in addition to solving problems, it can also have positive consequences. Ardabil is one of the agricultural poles of the country, Which has considerable potential in relation to product branding And more than four million tons of agricultural products are produced in the province. therefore, Branding in rural areas of the province can Lead to the organization and prevention of sporadic action in rural development programs And this through branding of agricultural products, Numerous tourist attractions And handicrafts And creating a target market for export products is possible, Because in recent years, economic constraints that have been accompanied by a significant reduction in manpower in the work process have affected the conditions of the rurals. according to this, Identifying and evaluating brand components is essential in order to achieve economic empowerment. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the analysis of rural brand components on economic empowerment in rural areas of the central part of Ardabil city.
Research Methods
The present study in terms of applied purpose And is based on a descriptive-analytical nature. The statistical population of the study includes two groups of experts and local people in the villages of the central part of Ardabil city. Panel members (experts) in this study in the form of non-probabilistic purposive sampling, 30 qualified people were selected. To obtain the required sample among the local community using cluster sampling in five rural areas of the central part, Initially, six villages from each district And from each village, 436 people were randomly selected as a sample. Data collection method To answer research questions It has been in the form of a library and a questionnaire. To measure research variables, In the variable part of the effects of brand components, Four indicators in the form of 30 indicators and 13 indicators in the economic empowerment variable were used. The validity of the questionnaire was examined by a panel of experts and experienced in this field And confirmed. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, 30 questionnaires were distributed in the same area And the total reliability of the questionnaire was estimated to be 0.917. Analysis of the findings of the questionnaire using the opinion of experts, Mick Mac software was used. In order to analyze the views of the local community, Spss software was used, Where Pearson correlation coefficient to examine the relationship between research variables, Multivariate regression coefficient was used to determine the effect of brand effects on economic empowerment of villagers.
Discussion and conclusion
The results based on the effective and influential rural brand plan indicate that: The system is in an unstable state And most of the factors are scattered around the diagonal axis and are in a similar position to each other And only their weakness and intensity are different from each other. The results were 100% desirable after 4 spins of cross-effect data. And this indicates the favorable validity of the questionnaire. The filling rate of the matrix is 92.62% Which shows that more than 92% of cases, the factors in question have affected each other. After scoring and analysis by Mick Mac model, 15 factors were selected as key factors And from the 15 factors extracted, Five factors of the existence of facilities, Animal species, Local business development, Handicrafts Proper waste disposal was more important. Findings are based on multivariate regression Considering the level of significance of the test with a confidence level of 0.95 among the four effects of the rural brand, Physical effects index with beta coefficient of 0.855 had the greatest effect on the dependent variable And 0.723 of the total variance explains economic empowerment. On the other hand, The environmental effects of the brand with a beta coefficient of 0.640 have had the least effect in explaining economic empowerment And explains only 0.391 of the variance. The results also showed Pearson correlation coefficient, Between the effects of rural branding and economic empowerment, There is a positive and significant relationship. According to the results obtained, it can be said, Economic empowerment is one of the dimensions of sustainable development Emphasizing the existing capacities and potentials in the region, Provides employment and income generation and strengthens production. Pay attention to capabilities And the potential capabilities of these areas And given the existence of a strong and motivated workforce, By investing and branding through flagship agricultural products, Numerous tourist and handicraft attractions and creating a target market for export products And income generation for the villagers, Provided the necessary ground for their economic empowerment.
Nafisa Rahimi, Masoud Jalali, Tawheed Rahimpour,
Volume 11, Issue 40 (9-2022)
Volume 11, Issue 40 (9-2022)
Abstract
Introduction
Proper land use requires knowledge of environmental power, and then knowledge about environmental capacity in management and economic planning, along with their protection, will bring economic growth and development. Therefore, there is a close and undeniable connection between the environmental capacity of an area and its function. The assessment of environmental capacity is based on the indicators appropriate to the type of zoning and mathematical rules. It aims to adjust the land use according to the region's characteristics to promote economic goals and preserve the environment.
Climatic and natural conditions are essential factors in the production and determination of plant species, and land use depends on the quality of these factors. Parameters such as temperature, precipitation, and humidity are crucial for the growth and development of different trees, including the walnut tree. The walnut tree is deciduous, large and wide from the broad-leaved group belonging to the Juglandaceae family and the Juglans genus with 21 species. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the walnut tree, such as wood, bark, leaves, and kernels, make it possible to use it in various industries such as soap making, paper making, wood and furniture industry, oil wells, oil extraction, pharmaceuticals, medicine, and dyeing, nutrition, purification of heavy metals from water and cleaning of soft metals, bulking of adhesives, with commercial and economic purposes. Therefore, the planting of this type of plant in susceptible rural areas, according to the 20-year vision document, in which special attention is paid to non-oil exports, including agricultural products, its export improves foreign exchange earnings and the economic growth of the villages. Therefore, considering the forestry value (wood value) and the edible seeds, the creation of uniform orchards of walnut trees requires the assessment of the capability of the regions according to the environmental components.
Methodology
The research method is based on the objectives of applied research and is descriptive-analytical. In this research, the desired data was collected from the organizations and scientific centers of the Ardabil province from 2007 to 2020. Then, after collecting and sorting, digitization was done, and finally, the layers were combined with the fuzzy coefficient operator model. Furthermore, the final map was obtained in 4 categories: desirable, suitable, relatively suitable and unsuitable in the GIS environment.
Discussion and conclusion
Even though the high sensitivity of the walnut tree to maximum wind speed and temperature thresholds (during the growth period and at the time of fruit ripening), the temperature is not considered a limiting factor for the planting of walnut trees in the province villages. The study of the average relative humidity of the air indicates that except for the villages of Pars-Abad and Bileh-Swar, Ardabil, the rest of the places are favorable and ideal for the growth of walnut trees. The investigation of the rainfall situation in Ardabil Province showed that the experts should supervise the planting of walnut due to the inappropriate amount of rainfall in Sarein, Nemin, Pars-Abad, and Ardabil.
Gardening at heights above and below sea level, such as Sablan, Talesh, Ghoshe-dagh, Bezghosh, Ag-dagh and Jalga Maghan mountains in Ardabil province, is a limiting factor in the planting of walnut trees. When planting at altitudes lower than 1500 meters above sea level, it is better to use species such as Chandler and Howard. For altitudes higher than 1500 meters above sea level, it is better to use Fernor species. The slope is not a limiting factor for the planting of walnut in the villages of this province, except in parts of Meshkinshahr, Ardabil, Khalkhal and Kausar. The final zoning map indicated that the areas with almost mild winters and dry summers, annual rainfall, relative humidity and moderate to good wind speed had a high potential for planting walnut orchards. According to the final map, of 17,824.6 square kilometers of Ardabil province, 7,773 square kilometers are favorable areas (43.60 percent), 4,681.6 square kilometers are suitable (26.28 percent), 4,809.3 square kilometers are relatively suitable (26.98 percent), and 560.7 square kilometers are unsuitable (3.14 percent). Regarding geographic location, the ideal and favorable lands for walnut planting include the northern, central and eastern parts of the province, which includes 43% of the province.
Proper land use requires knowledge of environmental power, and then knowledge about environmental capacity in management and economic planning, along with their protection, will bring economic growth and development. Therefore, there is a close and undeniable connection between the environmental capacity of an area and its function. The assessment of environmental capacity is based on the indicators appropriate to the type of zoning and mathematical rules. It aims to adjust the land use according to the region's characteristics to promote economic goals and preserve the environment.
Climatic and natural conditions are essential factors in the production and determination of plant species, and land use depends on the quality of these factors. Parameters such as temperature, precipitation, and humidity are crucial for the growth and development of different trees, including the walnut tree. The walnut tree is deciduous, large and wide from the broad-leaved group belonging to the Juglandaceae family and the Juglans genus with 21 species. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the walnut tree, such as wood, bark, leaves, and kernels, make it possible to use it in various industries such as soap making, paper making, wood and furniture industry, oil wells, oil extraction, pharmaceuticals, medicine, and dyeing, nutrition, purification of heavy metals from water and cleaning of soft metals, bulking of adhesives, with commercial and economic purposes. Therefore, the planting of this type of plant in susceptible rural areas, according to the 20-year vision document, in which special attention is paid to non-oil exports, including agricultural products, its export improves foreign exchange earnings and the economic growth of the villages. Therefore, considering the forestry value (wood value) and the edible seeds, the creation of uniform orchards of walnut trees requires the assessment of the capability of the regions according to the environmental components.
Methodology
The research method is based on the objectives of applied research and is descriptive-analytical. In this research, the desired data was collected from the organizations and scientific centers of the Ardabil province from 2007 to 2020. Then, after collecting and sorting, digitization was done, and finally, the layers were combined with the fuzzy coefficient operator model. Furthermore, the final map was obtained in 4 categories: desirable, suitable, relatively suitable and unsuitable in the GIS environment.
Discussion and conclusion
Even though the high sensitivity of the walnut tree to maximum wind speed and temperature thresholds (during the growth period and at the time of fruit ripening), the temperature is not considered a limiting factor for the planting of walnut trees in the province villages. The study of the average relative humidity of the air indicates that except for the villages of Pars-Abad and Bileh-Swar, Ardabil, the rest of the places are favorable and ideal for the growth of walnut trees. The investigation of the rainfall situation in Ardabil Province showed that the experts should supervise the planting of walnut due to the inappropriate amount of rainfall in Sarein, Nemin, Pars-Abad, and Ardabil.
Gardening at heights above and below sea level, such as Sablan, Talesh, Ghoshe-dagh, Bezghosh, Ag-dagh and Jalga Maghan mountains in Ardabil province, is a limiting factor in the planting of walnut trees. When planting at altitudes lower than 1500 meters above sea level, it is better to use species such as Chandler and Howard. For altitudes higher than 1500 meters above sea level, it is better to use Fernor species. The slope is not a limiting factor for the planting of walnut in the villages of this province, except in parts of Meshkinshahr, Ardabil, Khalkhal and Kausar. The final zoning map indicated that the areas with almost mild winters and dry summers, annual rainfall, relative humidity and moderate to good wind speed had a high potential for planting walnut orchards. According to the final map, of 17,824.6 square kilometers of Ardabil province, 7,773 square kilometers are favorable areas (43.60 percent), 4,681.6 square kilometers are suitable (26.28 percent), 4,809.3 square kilometers are relatively suitable (26.98 percent), and 560.7 square kilometers are unsuitable (3.14 percent). Regarding geographic location, the ideal and favorable lands for walnut planting include the northern, central and eastern parts of the province, which includes 43% of the province.
Minoo Vaghri Moghaddam, Vahid Vaziri, Sayyad Asghari,
Volume 11, Issue 41 (12-2022)
Volume 11, Issue 41 (12-2022)
Abstract
Introduction
Appropriate distribution of urban land use is one of the essential issues in the urban planning of cities with a sound and vibrant economy. Each activity in the city requires a suitable space to meet the requirements, and it is only possible to establish them in some areas. Therefore, it is a very important issue in urban planning to decide on the appropriate location for land use. This paper provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of promoting industry clusters as an industrial development alternative for rural areas. On the other hand, previous studies and experiences indicate that when different parallel production units and stores in the same industry are brought together in one geographical area and are organized in the form of an industrial cluster, it leads to the organization of small and medium-sized industries. Thus, it brings benefits to the owners and employees of these units. Accordingly, it leads to huge savings for companies due to teamwork and increasing collective efficacy. Determining an industrial cluster to achieve a particular product is a successful and examined method for aggregating small to medium-sized industrial enterprises, which eliminates the disadvantages of these industries and increases advantages such as diversity and flexibility.
Iran is a pioneer in the production of original and high-quality hand-woven carpets. However, over the past few decades, the economy has stagnated. As a result, exports and income generation of the carpet industry have decreased due to neglecting this valuable cultural production, increasing production costs and problems, insufficient support for carpet weavers, producers, and exporters, as well as increasing competition from other countries such as India, China, and Pakistan. Besides, due to the deficiencies in the structural, organizational, managerial, and primarily commercial fields, global market sales of Iranian hand-woven carpets have declined and are experiencing critical situations.
Due to the dependence of Iranian villagers' livelihoods on agriculture and the lack of income sources other than agriculture, the rural area has a weak and vulnerable economy. Moreover, an income increase in the agricultural sector is not very possible because of the limited lands which are not augmentable. Therefore, considering the strengths and obstacles of each region of the country, it is necessary to find other sources of income to diversify the economics of the rural economy and to increase the maintainability of the village population or, in other words, the stability of the rural community.
In this regard, carpet weaving is one of the skills of the people in Ardabil city, which has had a significant impact on their economy over the years; hence, locating and spatial design in the title of "carpet industrial cluster" in Ardabil county can lead to progress in the industry, and more trade of this ancient commodity, and subsequently improve the quality and living standards of the villagers.
Methodology
The current research aims to identify the best areas for establishing the hand-woven carpet industrial cluster in Ardabil county with the rural economic development approach. In other words, the goal of the current research is to select and introduce the best possible places for constructing carpet clusters in Ardabil County so that a study can be presented regarding the development of the economy of the towns and villages of this city. In order to achieve this goal, the library and documentary sources and the descriptive-analytical method for data collection were used, so influential factors for the location of the carpet industrial cluster as well as basic information for the design of the questionnaire, were obtained. Then, considering this information and indicators, the researcher created the questionnaire. The sample of this research included the significant producers of hand-woven carpets in urban and rural areas of Ardabil city, professors and researchers in this field, small weavers, sellers of carpets, and the workers of the carpet administration and Ardabil carpet cluster. Next, the interview with these experts was done, and the results were collected. Then, the effect of each item and their relationship with each other were investigated. In the next step, the collected items were classified into three categories: natural, physical, and manufactured. Then, the spatial information using the analytical network process model was analyzed, and the layers were overlapped and assessed. Then the weight of criteria and related sub-criteria was obtained. The layer related to each sub-item was defined in the GIS regarding the weights. Finally, the suitable location for the establishment of the carpet industrial cluster in Ardabil county was determined.
Discussion and conclusion
The criteria obtained in this research can be divided into two categories: first, criteria with a geographical study layer, and second, criteria without a study layer which requires field studies, interviews, and library studies. According to this, the first category criteria using the Arc GIS program and applying the weight percentages showed the regions of Ardabil city to locate the carpet cluster of Ardabil city with the rural economic development approach regarding each criterion. Furthermore, the final map that shows the most suitable places for establishing the carpet cluster was obtained by overlapping and aggregating the zoning maps related to climatic characteristics, topography, and human activities (Figure 1). Based on the map, it is clear that the central regions of Ardabil city are the best area for this research, and the western and southeastern regions of Ardabil city are the wrong places for establishing this cluster. Therefore, regions of the cities and villages located in the central part of Ardabil county can be considered to respond to the project's goal.
The result of the research showed that most of the regions of Ardabil county, especially the central urban and rural areas of the county, have the potential to locate the carpet industrial cluster to improve the economic development of the villages. Therefore, the construction of such an industrial space based on human labor has a significant effect on the region's economy, and it will lead to the development and economic growth of the villagers and increase their living standards.
Appropriate distribution of urban land use is one of the essential issues in the urban planning of cities with a sound and vibrant economy. Each activity in the city requires a suitable space to meet the requirements, and it is only possible to establish them in some areas. Therefore, it is a very important issue in urban planning to decide on the appropriate location for land use. This paper provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of promoting industry clusters as an industrial development alternative for rural areas. On the other hand, previous studies and experiences indicate that when different parallel production units and stores in the same industry are brought together in one geographical area and are organized in the form of an industrial cluster, it leads to the organization of small and medium-sized industries. Thus, it brings benefits to the owners and employees of these units. Accordingly, it leads to huge savings for companies due to teamwork and increasing collective efficacy. Determining an industrial cluster to achieve a particular product is a successful and examined method for aggregating small to medium-sized industrial enterprises, which eliminates the disadvantages of these industries and increases advantages such as diversity and flexibility.
Iran is a pioneer in the production of original and high-quality hand-woven carpets. However, over the past few decades, the economy has stagnated. As a result, exports and income generation of the carpet industry have decreased due to neglecting this valuable cultural production, increasing production costs and problems, insufficient support for carpet weavers, producers, and exporters, as well as increasing competition from other countries such as India, China, and Pakistan. Besides, due to the deficiencies in the structural, organizational, managerial, and primarily commercial fields, global market sales of Iranian hand-woven carpets have declined and are experiencing critical situations.
Due to the dependence of Iranian villagers' livelihoods on agriculture and the lack of income sources other than agriculture, the rural area has a weak and vulnerable economy. Moreover, an income increase in the agricultural sector is not very possible because of the limited lands which are not augmentable. Therefore, considering the strengths and obstacles of each region of the country, it is necessary to find other sources of income to diversify the economics of the rural economy and to increase the maintainability of the village population or, in other words, the stability of the rural community.
In this regard, carpet weaving is one of the skills of the people in Ardabil city, which has had a significant impact on their economy over the years; hence, locating and spatial design in the title of "carpet industrial cluster" in Ardabil county can lead to progress in the industry, and more trade of this ancient commodity, and subsequently improve the quality and living standards of the villagers.
Methodology
The current research aims to identify the best areas for establishing the hand-woven carpet industrial cluster in Ardabil county with the rural economic development approach. In other words, the goal of the current research is to select and introduce the best possible places for constructing carpet clusters in Ardabil County so that a study can be presented regarding the development of the economy of the towns and villages of this city. In order to achieve this goal, the library and documentary sources and the descriptive-analytical method for data collection were used, so influential factors for the location of the carpet industrial cluster as well as basic information for the design of the questionnaire, were obtained. Then, considering this information and indicators, the researcher created the questionnaire. The sample of this research included the significant producers of hand-woven carpets in urban and rural areas of Ardabil city, professors and researchers in this field, small weavers, sellers of carpets, and the workers of the carpet administration and Ardabil carpet cluster. Next, the interview with these experts was done, and the results were collected. Then, the effect of each item and their relationship with each other were investigated. In the next step, the collected items were classified into three categories: natural, physical, and manufactured. Then, the spatial information using the analytical network process model was analyzed, and the layers were overlapped and assessed. Then the weight of criteria and related sub-criteria was obtained. The layer related to each sub-item was defined in the GIS regarding the weights. Finally, the suitable location for the establishment of the carpet industrial cluster in Ardabil county was determined.
Discussion and conclusion
The criteria obtained in this research can be divided into two categories: first, criteria with a geographical study layer, and second, criteria without a study layer which requires field studies, interviews, and library studies. According to this, the first category criteria using the Arc GIS program and applying the weight percentages showed the regions of Ardabil city to locate the carpet cluster of Ardabil city with the rural economic development approach regarding each criterion. Furthermore, the final map that shows the most suitable places for establishing the carpet cluster was obtained by overlapping and aggregating the zoning maps related to climatic characteristics, topography, and human activities (Figure 1). Based on the map, it is clear that the central regions of Ardabil city are the best area for this research, and the western and southeastern regions of Ardabil city are the wrong places for establishing this cluster. Therefore, regions of the cities and villages located in the central part of Ardabil county can be considered to respond to the project's goal.
The result of the research showed that most of the regions of Ardabil county, especially the central urban and rural areas of the county, have the potential to locate the carpet industrial cluster to improve the economic development of the villages. Therefore, the construction of such an industrial space based on human labor has a significant effect on the region's economy, and it will lead to the development and economic growth of the villagers and increase their living standards.
Ali Janabi Namin, Ahad Norouzzadeh,
Volume 12, Issue 43 (4-2023)
Volume 12, Issue 43 (4-2023)
Abstract
Introduction
In the current situation, the rural society of the country, especially the villages of Ardabil Province, is plagued with many issues and problems, including low income, poverty, migration, evacuation of villages, and low availability of health and welfare services. The main characteristic of all existing issues and problems is related to the weak economic foundations of people and their unstable employment situation. According to experts, one of the necessary solutions to solve these issues and problems is the output and development of entrepreneurship, especially in the villages, emphasizing tasks. Watershed management is conducted in the province, and the ultimate goal of implementing these plans is the well-being of the watershed residents.
Methodology
The current research was conducted in two qualitative (thematic analysis) and quantitative stages to design and validate the entrepreneurship model and sustainable rural development, emphasizing watershed management projects. This research is exploratory in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of type, which was carried out in the field in Ardabil Province. The research was first qualitative interview type and the second quantitative survey method. The statistical population of the research in the first stage was 20 professors of management and watershed management and senior supervisors of the General Directorate of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Ardabil Province. In the second stage, 200 respondents from beneficiaries of watershed management projects in Ardabil Province were selected for the structural equation modeling method. During the first stage of this research, we conducted in-depth and semi-structured interviews to collect data. In the second stage, we used a redesigned questionnaire with closed answers (using the Likert scale) to collect information based on the indicators of the entrepreneurship model and sustainable rural development, focusing on watershed management projects.
Discussion and conclusion
The coding results show that the factors influencing the formation of this pattern were categorized into seven more primary factors (promotion, providing sustainable resources, tourism, social, economic, new jobs, participation, and empowerment) and 38 concepts (open codes). Based on the research results and among the extracted main components, the tourism component, with a path coefficient of 0.902, has had the greatest impact on the sustainable entrepreneurship of the villagers based on the implemented watershed management plans. Finally, among the influential components in the sustainable entrepreneurship of villagers based on implemented watershed projects, the "promotion" component with a path coefficient of 0.759 has had the most negligible impact in the designed model.
In the current situation, the rural society of the country, especially the villages of Ardabil Province, is plagued with many issues and problems, including low income, poverty, migration, evacuation of villages, and low availability of health and welfare services. The main characteristic of all existing issues and problems is related to the weak economic foundations of people and their unstable employment situation. According to experts, one of the necessary solutions to solve these issues and problems is the output and development of entrepreneurship, especially in the villages, emphasizing tasks. Watershed management is conducted in the province, and the ultimate goal of implementing these plans is the well-being of the watershed residents.
Methodology
The current research was conducted in two qualitative (thematic analysis) and quantitative stages to design and validate the entrepreneurship model and sustainable rural development, emphasizing watershed management projects. This research is exploratory in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of type, which was carried out in the field in Ardabil Province. The research was first qualitative interview type and the second quantitative survey method. The statistical population of the research in the first stage was 20 professors of management and watershed management and senior supervisors of the General Directorate of Natural Resources and Watershed Management of Ardabil Province. In the second stage, 200 respondents from beneficiaries of watershed management projects in Ardabil Province were selected for the structural equation modeling method. During the first stage of this research, we conducted in-depth and semi-structured interviews to collect data. In the second stage, we used a redesigned questionnaire with closed answers (using the Likert scale) to collect information based on the indicators of the entrepreneurship model and sustainable rural development, focusing on watershed management projects.
Discussion and conclusion
The coding results show that the factors influencing the formation of this pattern were categorized into seven more primary factors (promotion, providing sustainable resources, tourism, social, economic, new jobs, participation, and empowerment) and 38 concepts (open codes). Based on the research results and among the extracted main components, the tourism component, with a path coefficient of 0.902, has had the greatest impact on the sustainable entrepreneurship of the villagers based on the implemented watershed management plans. Finally, among the influential components in the sustainable entrepreneurship of villagers based on implemented watershed projects, the "promotion" component with a path coefficient of 0.759 has had the most negligible impact in the designed model.
Dr Arastoo Yari Hesar, Dr Arghami Yari Hesar, Mrs Khadijeh Ebrahimi,
Volume 13, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Volume 13, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
One of the main challenges of the current century in the field of tourism and development is the promotion and development of tourism activities and at the same time the sustainability of natural ecosystems and the improvement of human welfare indicators. The key to achieving this goal is to establish a balance of sustainability between the two ecological and human sectors, which cannot be achieved without comprehensive and adequate assessments of sustainability. This research tries to evaluate the tourist destinations of Ardabil and Ash provinces from the perspective of the quality of ecosystem welfare and human welfare. This survey is of the type of applied studies and data analysis has been done by analytical-descriptive method. And to analyze them, Alan Butler's tourism life cycle model has been used. The size of the sample population in this research is estimated to be 176 households, and the selection of the host community for questioning is by a systematic random method and the selection of the tourist and visitor community is by a simple random method. The results of this study show that ecosystem and human well-being in destinations Tourism is often semi-sustainable and still has a significant distance from the characteristics of stable and sustainable destinations. Emphasis only on economic results and incomes has neglected the natural and human aspects of tourism activities in the studied destinations.
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