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Hamed Ghadermarzi, Davood Jomeini, Alireza Jamshidi, Ramin Cheraghi,
Volume 2, Issue 3 (6-2013)
Volume 2, Issue 3 (6-2013)
Abstract
Optimum housing situation in both rural and urban areas is being considered as one of the social-economic indicators. Application of comprehensive and descent housing planning requires the identification and determination of different relevant dimensions and aspects. Using housing indicators and indices helps to evaluate the housing status which regional planning demands. These indices, which indicate both qualitative and quantitative aspects of housing, would be an effective guide regarding housing planning. This study aims to evaluate and investigate the rural housing status in Kermanshah using housing indicators .The research method is based on documentary as well as analytical one .Relevant data obtained from 1385- population survey. This study supports the application of 34 indicators and indices. The analysis of this study further requires the application of spss and topsis techniques .It further demands clustering technique as well as Arc-Gis. This study suggests that there exist three homogeneous clusters. Kangavar and Harseen stand at the top as opposed to Dalahoo, Eslamabade- Qarb, Paveh, Ravansar, Gilan-e- Qarb and Javanrood which rank the lowest accordingly.
Mojtaba Ghadiri-Masoum, Mansoor Jafar-Bigloo, Seyyed Mohammad Mousavi-Ruzan, Zahra Bakhshi,
Volume 2, Issue 4 (9-2013)
Volume 2, Issue 4 (9-2013)
Abstract
Lack of appropriate and thorough attention toward physical – natural factors regarding rural settlements, has led to damages and subsequent costs based upon natural events incident. This in turn dictates the need for planning measures within the framework of risk mitigation and increase in settlements sustainability. This well applies to Torbat-Jam. This study aims to investigate Torbat-Jam’s rural settlements taking into account physical and natural specifications. As such 8 physical characteristics including relief, slope, lithology, river, faults and climatic elements precipitation, evaporation, temperature known as major factors for rural settlements location factors were determined and analyzed via application GIS. This is followed by application of multi criteria analysis via logic model. This study suggests that over 85 % of Torbat-Jam’s villages are located in areas which possess good circumstances regarding those 8 mentioned physical factors. However, 15% of the village’s located in poor location as far as those physical factors are concerned. There exist three types of villages range from poor to optimum location. This in turn needs planning with regard to mitigation of natural events incidence.
Mohammad-Reza Maleki, Mohsen Sartipi-Pour, Mansooreh Tahbaz, Ali Maleki,
Volume 2, Issue 6 (3-2014)
Volume 2, Issue 6 (3-2014)
Abstract
Iran taking into account its broad and varied potentials is being considered as one of the major tourism focal point. It is argued that, natural attractions,
virgin landscapes, hospitable climate, all paved the ground for eco-tourism in Darrehshahr located in Ilam province taking into consideration its geographic location and possessing of ample eco-tourism potentials. However, due to many reasons, these opportunities have not been appropriately utilized. This study aims to propose some measures for an appropriate tourism management in Darrehshahr. It furtherer plan to identify, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in specific eco-tourism region. This study deals with strategic participatory planning using SWOT model. In order to prioritize principle strategy, complementary applied quantitative planning was used. This study suggests that despite of all of the tourism potentials, lack of tourism accommodations led to tourists, un-satisfaction. This in turn demands the proposition of some measures including the generation of the relevant infra structures for tourists.
Ali Shamsoddini,
Volume 5, Issue 15 (5-2016)
Volume 5, Issue 15 (5-2016)
Abstract
Introduction
In Iran, management system of rural areas was kind of non-governmental before the Constitutional Revolution. In such a system, Khans and masters; the village chief and elders were responsible for the village and its affairs. In 1354, by the progress of land reform programs and the elimination of feudal serf system from social communication system, the village chief was removed from the Rural Management System and rural councils were replaced by. After Islamic Revolution, important measures done in the field of construction, especially, rural management. Some examples of such measures are; the amendment of Islamic Councils, the foundation of the House of companion, and the construction of rural development office. Rural Islamic councils play important roles in the process of people's participation in promoting rural developments. Rural councils and municipalities, as cooperative and public institutions, are considered to be communication bonding between people and institutions with administration staff of the government. So, they carry a key role in the process of rural development.
Thus, people's satisfaction with the performance of rural municipalities plays a decisive role in the success of such institutions and achieving their goals. The more satisfied villages are with the performance of rural municipalities, the more confident they will do their citizen responsibilities in the process of implementation and monitoring of civil public programs. In this research, the socio-economic performance of Fahlian rural municipality, of the central part of Mamasani County, has been analyzed based on surveys of villagers through questionnaires. The present research aims at appraising villagers' satisfaction with the performance of Fahlian rural municipality applying Kano model to make three categories of the villagers' basic needs come true. The intended needs are; economic, functional and emotional ones. We are going to use the results from the research to obtain an accurate picture of the satisfaction of rural population with the performance of rural municipalities to help us improve rural services and enhance villagers' satisfaction.
Methodology
This study is a combination of analytical survey method based on questionnaires, in which the most important areas associated with villagers' satisfaction of the village municipality in Fahlian is being tested. Considering the goals of the research, it is an applied one. The statistical society of the research includes all the rural residents in Fahlian. In order to determine the sample size, we have first used Cochran-Sharp methods. Using this formula, the sample size was calculated140 people from the entire 2177 inhabitants of the village. Then, questionnaires were completed using simple random sampling method.
Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated 0.809 for the whole questionnaire. Totally, the validity and reliability of the statements and questionnaire have been in a good level. They have also reported to be reliable for research fields and obtaining the views of the sample. For preparing questionnaires like those in the Kano model, two questions are needed to design for each feature. The questionnaires are classified in two categories. The first category questionnaires are functional and the second ones are non-functional ones. To design this section a five-point Likert- type scale was used. Although there are different models for evaluating the quality of services, it is hard to compromise on the ways to identify factors affecting this. Some of these models involve hysteresis, Kano, Seroquel, QFC, and etc. In this study, Kano model was used as a measuring tool of people satisfaction.
Discussion and conclusion
In Iran, contemporary rural management was affected by major changes. Each of these changes have had a significant impact on the fate and success of Iran Rural Development. Creation of rural municipalities in villages is the last link in the chain. Of course, it does not include all the villages, yet. Objectives and responsibilities outlined in the by-law of rural municipalities, whose most prominent characteristic is their mediating role among local communities and state institutions, seems to be greater than their power and human, financial and material capacities available to them. According to the data collected from Surveys of Fahlian residents to know if they are satisfied with socio-economic performance of their rural municipality using Kano model, it was realized that based on villagers perspectives asphalt and table investment streets are among their most prominent needs while Fahlian rural municipality was doing its best for waste collection and disposal. Also, they were largely making efforts to pave the way for the formation of cooperatives of production and consumption.
Thus, the maximum level of villagers' satisfaction and their dissatisfaction with the performance of the rural municipality was reported to be 0.413 and -0.747, respectively. Results from the questionnaires and their analysis using Kano model indicate that villagers' emotional needs have been better provided than their other needs. The coefficient for their emotional needs was 0.611 which is more than the coefficient obtained for the two other needs of basic and functional ones by the coefficient of 0.425 and 0.523, respectively. Consequently, the village staff and authorities, especially those in rural municipality, must largely focus on providing villagers with their basic and functional needs. In this way, they are needed to improve and mobilize transporting system as well as the improvement of communicating systems like telephone and internet to help them attract more tourists and investors.
For functional needs, they have partly acted successfully in making security measures for the attraction of tourists and investors. Studies demonstrate that rural municipalities will be able to eliminate a great part of villagers' dissatisfaction and make them satisfied if they apply the results from this study in making decisions for rural development and improvement.
In Iran, contemporary rural management was affected by major changes. Each of these changes have had a significant impact on the fate and success of Iran Rural Development. Creation of rural municipalities in villages is the last link in the chain. Of course, it does not include all the villages, yet. Objectives and responsibilities outlined in the by-law of rural municipalities, whose most prominent characteristic is their mediating role among local communities and state institutions, seems to be greater than their power and human, financial and material capacities available to them. According to the data collected from Surveys of Fahlian residents to know if they are satisfied with socio-economic performance of their rural municipality using Kano model, it was realized that based on villagers perspectives asphalt and table investment streets are among their most prominent needs while Fahlian rural municipality was doing its best for waste collection and disposal. Also, they were largely making efforts to pave the way for the formation of cooperatives of production and consumption.
Thus, the maximum level of villagers' satisfaction and their dissatisfaction with the performance of the rural municipality was reported to be 0.413 and -0.747, respectively. Results from the questionnaires and their analysis using Kano model indicate that villagers' emotional needs have been better provided than their other needs. The coefficient for their emotional needs was 0.611 which is more than the coefficient obtained for the two other needs of basic and functional ones by the coefficient of 0.425 and 0.523, respectively. Consequently, the village staff and authorities, especially those in rural municipality, must largely focus on providing villagers with their basic and functional needs. In this way, they are needed to improve and mobilize transporting system as well as the improvement of communicating systems like telephone and internet to help them attract more tourists and investors.
For functional needs, they have partly acted successfully in making security measures for the attraction of tourists and investors. Studies demonstrate that rural municipalities will be able to eliminate a great part of villagers' dissatisfaction and make them satisfied if they apply the results from this study in making decisions for rural development and improvement.
Ameneh Savari Mombeni, , Moslem Savari,
Volume 10, Issue 36 (8-2021)
Volume 10, Issue 36 (8-2021)
Abstract
Introduction
Climate change is one of the most important economic, social and environmental threats to human life and to sustainable development. Although climate change affects the living conditions of all people, the poor and marginalized groups, especially rural women, are at greater risk. There is undeniable evidence around the world that women are particularly vulnerable during and after sever weather events. Although women are more vulnerable to climate change, they are seen as active actors in mitigating and adapting to the effects of climate change. Therefore, gender can be an important component for understanding the effects of climate change and responding to it, so there is a need to examine the perceived risks and adaptation to climate change from a gender perspective. This study examines perceptions and adaptation to climate change among male and female farmers through a qualitative approach. While protection motivation theory known as accepted framework for guiding campaigns on climate change, as well as an effective model for explaining and understanding the factors influencing climate change adaptation behavior. Therefore, in this study, the protection motivation theory applied as a framework for examining perceptions and adaptive responses. protection motivation theory involves two main evaluation processes. Threat assessment and response assessment. Threat assessment includes perceived vulnerability and perceived severity, and coping assessment consists of response effectiveness, self-efficacy, and perceived cost.
Methodology
This qualitative study (case study) was conducted to better and more deeply understand the perception and behavior of farmers through in-depth interviews with farmers (male and female). The study population in this study were farmers in the central part of Baghmalek county and the samples included 33 farmers including 18 male farmers and 15 female farmers. Sampling was purposeful. Therefore, informant farmers were purposefully selected and interviewed. This process continued until the data was saturated and no new data was available. Data were collected using semi-structured questions. People's conversations were recorded on an audio file and then transcribed on paper. Data analysis started from the time of the first interview and in parallel with the interviews (simultaneous analysis). In this study, in order to analyze farmers' perception on climate change and adaptation, all interviews were translated into text and after reviewing the interviews line by line, key concepts were extracted from it.
Discussion and Conclusion
The results showed that all farmers confirmed the occurrence of climate change in the region. Male and female farmers did not differ significantly in their knowledge and perception of climate change, but there was a gender difference in their acceptance of adaptation measures to climate change. The main measures for adaptation of farmers included changing the type of crop and cultivation and using green and animal fertilizers, which were done by both male and female farmers, but behaviors such as using modern irrigation were done only by male farmers. Therefore, male farmers are more likely to adopt new technologies to protect water and increase investment in agricultural infrastructure. They also had the opportunity to work on other owners' farms or have other nonfarm jobs when their land fell. The main challenges for women seem to be limited access to credit and lack of access to technical knowledge. Comparing the two groups, the results showed that women were subjected to high costs such as stress to themselves and their families, and men spent more material costs on adaptation activities. Women are often the ones who have the least investment in supporting agricultural products. As a result, they require more money, time and effort than men to recover from natural disaster losses. It is suggested that the necessary training be provided to increase knowledge and empower women to change their position in society as a key to reducing harm and vulnerability to climate change. To increase women's influence in climate change policy and gender awareness, gender-sensitive education on climate change and climate change policy at the local, regional and national levels is also recommended. The information obtained from this study can applied as an important step in developing policies and formulating appropriate interventions to adapt to climate change in the agricultural sector.
Climate change is one of the most important economic, social and environmental threats to human life and to sustainable development. Although climate change affects the living conditions of all people, the poor and marginalized groups, especially rural women, are at greater risk. There is undeniable evidence around the world that women are particularly vulnerable during and after sever weather events. Although women are more vulnerable to climate change, they are seen as active actors in mitigating and adapting to the effects of climate change. Therefore, gender can be an important component for understanding the effects of climate change and responding to it, so there is a need to examine the perceived risks and adaptation to climate change from a gender perspective. This study examines perceptions and adaptation to climate change among male and female farmers through a qualitative approach. While protection motivation theory known as accepted framework for guiding campaigns on climate change, as well as an effective model for explaining and understanding the factors influencing climate change adaptation behavior. Therefore, in this study, the protection motivation theory applied as a framework for examining perceptions and adaptive responses. protection motivation theory involves two main evaluation processes. Threat assessment and response assessment. Threat assessment includes perceived vulnerability and perceived severity, and coping assessment consists of response effectiveness, self-efficacy, and perceived cost.
Methodology
This qualitative study (case study) was conducted to better and more deeply understand the perception and behavior of farmers through in-depth interviews with farmers (male and female). The study population in this study were farmers in the central part of Baghmalek county and the samples included 33 farmers including 18 male farmers and 15 female farmers. Sampling was purposeful. Therefore, informant farmers were purposefully selected and interviewed. This process continued until the data was saturated and no new data was available. Data were collected using semi-structured questions. People's conversations were recorded on an audio file and then transcribed on paper. Data analysis started from the time of the first interview and in parallel with the interviews (simultaneous analysis). In this study, in order to analyze farmers' perception on climate change and adaptation, all interviews were translated into text and after reviewing the interviews line by line, key concepts were extracted from it.
Discussion and Conclusion
The results showed that all farmers confirmed the occurrence of climate change in the region. Male and female farmers did not differ significantly in their knowledge and perception of climate change, but there was a gender difference in their acceptance of adaptation measures to climate change. The main measures for adaptation of farmers included changing the type of crop and cultivation and using green and animal fertilizers, which were done by both male and female farmers, but behaviors such as using modern irrigation were done only by male farmers. Therefore, male farmers are more likely to adopt new technologies to protect water and increase investment in agricultural infrastructure. They also had the opportunity to work on other owners' farms or have other nonfarm jobs when their land fell. The main challenges for women seem to be limited access to credit and lack of access to technical knowledge. Comparing the two groups, the results showed that women were subjected to high costs such as stress to themselves and their families, and men spent more material costs on adaptation activities. Women are often the ones who have the least investment in supporting agricultural products. As a result, they require more money, time and effort than men to recover from natural disaster losses. It is suggested that the necessary training be provided to increase knowledge and empower women to change their position in society as a key to reducing harm and vulnerability to climate change. To increase women's influence in climate change policy and gender awareness, gender-sensitive education on climate change and climate change policy at the local, regional and national levels is also recommended. The information obtained from this study can applied as an important step in developing policies and formulating appropriate interventions to adapt to climate change in the agricultural sector.
Mehrangiz Rezaei, Hassan Ali Faraji Sabkbar, Hamed Mazinani, Siamak Tahmasebi,
Volume 11, Issue 39 (5-2022)
Volume 11, Issue 39 (5-2022)
Abstract
Introduction
One of the most prominent features of the economic landscape is the intense geographical concentration of economic activity. Economic activities tend to be located in specific locations (for example, near markets or raw materials) and often some industries are concentrated in specific areas. Surveys show that out of 619,000 cattle and calf farms in the country, only 27,000 (4%) operate industrially. However, the share of the number of cows and calves and milk production of industrial farms from the total number of farms in the country is 32% and 58%, respectively. In this paper, the spatial distribution analysis of industrial cattle farming will be performed in two stages. First, the pattern of spatial distribution in the provinces in 2013, 2016 and 2019 has been studied, and then, using spatial regression method, more details of the regional concentration in industrial cattle farming are provided. More precisely, it has been tested to what extent natural and geographical factors, transportation, raw materials, are able to explain the spatial pattern of the geographical concentration of industrial cattle farming.
Methodology
The research is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory-confirmatory in terms of method. The research data are related to the number of active dairy and beef cattle’s divided and showed by provinces and extracted from the results of the census of the industrial cattle farming of the country in 2013, 2016 and 2019. The main determinants of the research are: percentage of barley production, percentage of forage production, average elevation, GDP, average temperature, average rainfall, road network density and population percentage.
Poisson global regression (GPR) and Poisson geographic weight regression (GWPR) were used to model the spatial distribution of industrial cattle farming. The mentioned models are performed in ArcGIS, GWR4 and the maps are prepared in the illustrator software.
Discussion and conclusion
This study aimed to model the spatial distribution of industrial cattle farming and its main determinants in the provinces of Iran. The results showed that the spatial and temporal distribution of industrial farms in the studied periods show little spatial and temporal variability. The results showed that the GWPR model has a better performance compared to the GPR model due to the fact that it shows the spatial variability of variables according to local conditions. The mean height showed a positive relationship. Active industrial farms are mainly concentrated in the central, southern and northeastern regions, where on the one hand it is far from mountainous and high areas and on the other hand the average temperature is high and the average rainfall is lower. But in local modeling, the relationships of these variables change according to local conditions and are not the same throughout the space. The results of this study show that the relationships between the distribution of industrial cattle farming and its determinants among the provinces of Iran both change in direction and intensity.
One of the most prominent features of the economic landscape is the intense geographical concentration of economic activity. Economic activities tend to be located in specific locations (for example, near markets or raw materials) and often some industries are concentrated in specific areas. Surveys show that out of 619,000 cattle and calf farms in the country, only 27,000 (4%) operate industrially. However, the share of the number of cows and calves and milk production of industrial farms from the total number of farms in the country is 32% and 58%, respectively. In this paper, the spatial distribution analysis of industrial cattle farming will be performed in two stages. First, the pattern of spatial distribution in the provinces in 2013, 2016 and 2019 has been studied, and then, using spatial regression method, more details of the regional concentration in industrial cattle farming are provided. More precisely, it has been tested to what extent natural and geographical factors, transportation, raw materials, are able to explain the spatial pattern of the geographical concentration of industrial cattle farming.
Methodology
The research is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory-confirmatory in terms of method. The research data are related to the number of active dairy and beef cattle’s divided and showed by provinces and extracted from the results of the census of the industrial cattle farming of the country in 2013, 2016 and 2019. The main determinants of the research are: percentage of barley production, percentage of forage production, average elevation, GDP, average temperature, average rainfall, road network density and population percentage.
Poisson global regression (GPR) and Poisson geographic weight regression (GWPR) were used to model the spatial distribution of industrial cattle farming. The mentioned models are performed in ArcGIS, GWR4 and the maps are prepared in the illustrator software.
Discussion and conclusion
This study aimed to model the spatial distribution of industrial cattle farming and its main determinants in the provinces of Iran. The results showed that the spatial and temporal distribution of industrial farms in the studied periods show little spatial and temporal variability. The results showed that the GWPR model has a better performance compared to the GPR model due to the fact that it shows the spatial variability of variables according to local conditions. The mean height showed a positive relationship. Active industrial farms are mainly concentrated in the central, southern and northeastern regions, where on the one hand it is far from mountainous and high areas and on the other hand the average temperature is high and the average rainfall is lower. But in local modeling, the relationships of these variables change according to local conditions and are not the same throughout the space. The results of this study show that the relationships between the distribution of industrial cattle farming and its determinants among the provinces of Iran both change in direction and intensity.
Layla Barfizadeh, Mansour Ghanian, Moslem Savari,
Volume 11, Issue 42 (1-2023)
Volume 11, Issue 42 (1-2023)
Abstract
Introduction
Rural production cooperatives in the world have more than 250 million members, which have created many successes in the world agricultural sector in the countries of Kenya, Uganda, Israel and Germany, where 32% of the global market share of the agricultural sector belongs to cooperatives. In this regard, rural production cooperatives are considered an effective factor in the agricultural sector. Considering the fact that every cooperative is born to achieve specific goals.
Cooperative companies play a role in the fields of economic growth, poverty alleviation, productive employment, social integration, strengthening entrepreneurship and management and concentration of small capitals in the form of medium and large capitals, and as one of the newest ways. Therefore, sustainable development is prominent in the country's development plans. Rural production cooperatives are one of the most effective networks at the village level that directly serve farmers and rural masses and play an important role in realizing the country's grand plans. Therefore, the success of cooperatives can make their role in rural development more colorful. This research was conducted after identifying the success factors of production cooperatives in rural areas of Lorestan province based on the EFQM model.
Methodology
The statistical population of this research includes the members of active rural production cooperatives in Lorestan province, which are 2602 people in 7 rural production cooperatives in four cities of Duroud, Borujerd, Khorram Abad and Aligudarz, in 41 villages. 335 people were selected by random sampling using Morgan's Krejci table. Data analysis was done with SPSS20 software.
Discussion and conclusion
The findings showed that among the EFQM factors (leadership, policy and strategy, employees, partnership and resources, processes, customer results, employee results, community results and key performance results), leadership criteria, policy and strategy, employees, partnership and resources, employee results, community results, key performance results have a positive and significant effect on the success of cooperatives, which are able to explain 60.3% of the variance of the dependent variable.
Rural production cooperatives in the world have more than 250 million members, which have created many successes in the world agricultural sector in the countries of Kenya, Uganda, Israel and Germany, where 32% of the global market share of the agricultural sector belongs to cooperatives. In this regard, rural production cooperatives are considered an effective factor in the agricultural sector. Considering the fact that every cooperative is born to achieve specific goals.
Cooperative companies play a role in the fields of economic growth, poverty alleviation, productive employment, social integration, strengthening entrepreneurship and management and concentration of small capitals in the form of medium and large capitals, and as one of the newest ways. Therefore, sustainable development is prominent in the country's development plans. Rural production cooperatives are one of the most effective networks at the village level that directly serve farmers and rural masses and play an important role in realizing the country's grand plans. Therefore, the success of cooperatives can make their role in rural development more colorful. This research was conducted after identifying the success factors of production cooperatives in rural areas of Lorestan province based on the EFQM model.
Methodology
The statistical population of this research includes the members of active rural production cooperatives in Lorestan province, which are 2602 people in 7 rural production cooperatives in four cities of Duroud, Borujerd, Khorram Abad and Aligudarz, in 41 villages. 335 people were selected by random sampling using Morgan's Krejci table. Data analysis was done with SPSS20 software.
Discussion and conclusion
The findings showed that among the EFQM factors (leadership, policy and strategy, employees, partnership and resources, processes, customer results, employee results, community results and key performance results), leadership criteria, policy and strategy, employees, partnership and resources, employee results, community results, key performance results have a positive and significant effect on the success of cooperatives, which are able to explain 60.3% of the variance of the dependent variable.
Asadullah Heidari, Samad Khabbaz Bavil,
Volume 13, Issue 48 (9-2024)
Volume 13, Issue 48 (9-2024)
Abstract
Objective: This research is based on the identification, investigation and stratification of the effective components in rural self-employment in East Azarbaijan province and seeks to answer the following questions and objectives: What are the important components of self-employment in the villages of East Azarbaijan province? Each of the identified rural self-employment components, At what level are they located? What is the pattern or model of the relationships of the self-employed components of the villagers? And finally, what are the effective policies and decisions for the development and increase of rural self-employment.
Methods: The methodology of this research is descriptive-analytical, which qualitatively used structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) technique to stratify and determine the relationships of influential self-employment components in villages. The statistical population of this research includes 34 qualified people from university professors and senior managers at the level of East Azarbaijan province, who are experts in rural self-employment. Based on Warfield's theory in structural-interpretive modeling and expertise criterion based on two indicators of experience and education level too, 13 members of the research sample were considered as experts.
Results: The findings of this model showed that four components: suitable infrastructure, facilitation of regulations and administrative processes, culture and social relations, individual and educational spirit, are the basic factors in the eleven components of
.the self-employment development of the villagers of East Azarbaijan province
Conclusions: Creating infrastructures and providing suitable facilities in villages, delegating authority to provinces and decentralization in village planning, revising and revising restrictive laws and regulations related to rural employment, activating specialized. desks for rural economy and employment, providing skill training to self-employed volunteers in villages from Among them are the results and practical suggestions of the research.
Methods: The methodology of this research is descriptive-analytical, which qualitatively used structural-interpretive modeling (ISM) technique to stratify and determine the relationships of influential self-employment components in villages. The statistical population of this research includes 34 qualified people from university professors and senior managers at the level of East Azarbaijan province, who are experts in rural self-employment. Based on Warfield's theory in structural-interpretive modeling and expertise criterion based on two indicators of experience and education level too, 13 members of the research sample were considered as experts.
Results: The findings of this model showed that four components: suitable infrastructure, facilitation of regulations and administrative processes, culture and social relations, individual and educational spirit, are the basic factors in the eleven components of
.the self-employment development of the villagers of East Azarbaijan province
Conclusions: Creating infrastructures and providing suitable facilities in villages, delegating authority to provinces and decentralization in village planning, revising and revising restrictive laws and regulations related to rural employment, activating specialized. desks for rural economy and employment, providing skill training to self-employed volunteers in villages from Among them are the results and practical suggestions of the research.
Phd Abbas Nabati, Behroz Mohammadi Yeganeh, Mahdi Cheraghi,
Volume 13, Issue 49 (11-2024)
Volume 13, Issue 49 (11-2024)
Abstract
Objective: Mining offers significant economic opportunities for farmers and rural residents in Iran, supplementing their primary occupations in agriculture and animal husbandry. Given the country’s specific territorial conditions, mining activities can contribute to sustainable development and influence various dimensions of rural life. This study investigates the effects of mining on sustainable rural development in Karani District.
Methods: This study is applied in purpose and descriptive-analytical in method. Data collection was conducted through library research and fieldwork. The statistical population comprised 10 rural settlements in the Karani District with active mines in their surrounding areas. A total of 250 households were selected as the sample using the Cochran formula. Sustainability was assessed across three dimensions—environmental, social, and economic—using 40 indicators evaluated via a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the t-test and Mabak model, supported by SPSS and Excel software. ArcGIS was employed to generate maps.
Results: The study revealed that mining activities have positive and significant effects on the economic (average: 3.34) and social (average: 2.83) dimensions and also negative and significant effects on the environmental dimension (average: 3.22).
The Mabak model ranking of village sustainability showed top-ranked villages: Aghbolagh Taghamin (0.940), Ochgonbad Khan (0.715), and Bastandereh (0.568), and lowest-ranked village: Shahrak (-0.869).
Conclusions: Mining activities in the Karani District have led to a stable economic status, semi-sustainable social development, and unstable environmental conditions in rural areas. The sustainability ranking further indicates that, beyond proximity to mines, several factors influence village sustainability, including:
- Social awareness and the demand-driven spirit among residents.
- The performance and socio-political relations of local village managers, especially the village council and village head.
Zeynab Aeeni, Khabat Nesaei, , Atefeh Ahmadi Dehrashid,
Volume 13, Issue 49 (11-2024)
Volume 13, Issue 49 (11-2024)
Abstract
Objective: In recent years, rural digital hubs have emerged as platforms capable of fostering the long-term sustainable development of villages by leveraging digital capabilities. However, in Iran, the lack of awareness about these centers has hindered their full potential from being realized.
Methods: This study aims to identify the factors and conditions influencing the adoption of digital innovation hubs in rural areas. To achieve this, a qualitative approach was employed, specifically using the grounded theory research strategy, to develop a framework for understanding the factors affecting the adoption of rural digital hubs. The study focuses on villages in Kurdistan Province. Data were collected through interviews with academic experts, government officials, and activists from non-governmental organizations, and analyzed using MAXQDA software.
Results: The findings are presented across the five dimensions of grounded theory. The study identifies:
Methods: This study aims to identify the factors and conditions influencing the adoption of digital innovation hubs in rural areas. To achieve this, a qualitative approach was employed, specifically using the grounded theory research strategy, to develop a framework for understanding the factors affecting the adoption of rural digital hubs. The study focuses on villages in Kurdistan Province. Data were collected through interviews with academic experts, government officials, and activists from non-governmental organizations, and analyzed using MAXQDA software.
Results: The findings are presented across the five dimensions of grounded theory. The study identifies:
- Causal conditions: "Economic and socio-cultural shortcomings."
- Contextual conditions: "Infrastructure, village structural characteristics, and demographic composition."
- Intervening conditions: "Lack of policy integration, inefficient rural management, and speculative economic practices."
- Strategies: "Identification of capacities, functions of digital hub centers, and pre-training initiatives."
- Outcomes: "Cultural-social development, economic development, and enhanced political acumen."
Conclusion: By identifying the conditions influencing the adoption of these digital platforms, this study provides a foundation for designing and implementing effective policies to unlock the potential of rural digital hubs.
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