Mahabat Veisi, Anvar Dastbaz, Barzan Soleimani,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (5-2023)
Abstract
The present research aims to formulate a structural model of teacher job burnout based on cognitive distortions and Rumination, with the mediating roles of Negative Automatic Thoughts and cognitive fusion. This study falls within the realm of descriptive research and structural equation modeling. The study's population included all middle school teachers in the city of Kamyaran during the academic year 2022-2023, with 323 individuals selected through the available sampling method. Data were collected using the Hollon & Kendall automatic thoughts Questionnaire, the Gillanders Et al Standard Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, the Maslach & Jackson Burnout Questionnaire, the Nolen-Hoeksema Et al Rumination Questionnaire, and the Abdollahzadeh & Salar Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire. The findings of this research indicate that the structural model of teacher job burnout, based on cognitive distortions and Rumination, with the mediating roles of Negative Automatic Thoughts and cognitive fusion, has a good fit. The standardized path coefficients of the direct paths of the model from Rumination (t = 2.38), cognitive distortions (t = 3.72), cognitive fusion (t = 2.34), and Negative Automatic Thoughts (t = 2.21) to teacher job burnout were significant. Bootstrap test results showed that the indirect effect of Rumination on job burnout with the mediating role of cognitive fusion is significant (β = 0.082). The indirect effect of Rumination on job burnout with the mediating role of Negative Automatic Thoughts is significant (β = 0.110). Similarly, the indirect effect of cognitive distortions on job burnout with the mediating role of cognitive fusion is significant (β = 0.085). The indirect effect of cognitive distortions on job burnout with the mediating role of Negative Automatic Thoughts is also significant (β = 0.061). Based on the results of this research, it seems that improving and changing cognitive distortions and Rumination provide a foundation for changing Negative Automatic Thoughts and cognitive fusion, ultimately reducing the level of teacher job burnout.
Mrs Azita Kharaman, Dr Hossein Zare, Dr Soosan Alizadeh Fard, Dr Majid Saffarinia,
Volume 11, Issue 1 (5-2023)
Abstract
Mental representations are one of the most advanced aspects of human cognition and can affect the mental experience of ownership of each person's body. Based on this, the present study, which is a two-stage mixed research, after inducing three levels of social-cognitive factors (equivalent to the individual, higher level, lower level), explained and predicted the mental ownership of the body. Is. The statistical population of the research included the students of Payam Noor University in Tehran, from which 61 women and 47 men were selected by convenience sampling. The research tools included the artificial hand error test of Cohen and Botvinik (1998), the subjective report questionnaire of the experience of owning an artificial hand by Longo et al. (2008) and the 12-block computer program of Tamir and Thornton's three-dimensional mental model for implicit and explicit association of social cognition representations. Data analysis with Pearson's correlation test showed that only the correlation of hand error scores and social cognition components at the third (lower) level was significant. Also, the standard multiple regression analysis showed that in explaining hand error at the third (lower) level, based on obvious association; Disgust only (Beta = -1.52), and based on implicit association; Friendship (Beta = 0.63), disgust (Beta = -0.55), and satisfaction (Beta = 0.26) were able to predict artificial hand error, respectively. The obtained results indicate that the identification of people with those who get a lower social status in the subjective evaluations of the person can occur less often.
Mr. Saadi Ayazi, Dr. Sajjad Rezaei, Dr. Ashkan Naseh, Dr. Maryam Kousha,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders and efforts to improve its diagnostic methods continue. In this study, using CogLab software, a diagnostic model was developed and introduced to help psychologists as an auxiliary tool for diagnosing ADHD. In the context of a developmental and case-control project using targeted sampling in Rasht city, 93 children diagnosed with ADHD were selected by a pediatric psychiatry subspecialist. The parents of both groups (case and control) were also interviewed clinically and after completing the CSI-4 version of the Children's Disease Symptoms Questionnaire, their demographic information was collected. The control group consisted of 33 working students from Rasht schools without disorders were selected using the CSI-4 4th version of the Children's Disease Symptoms Questionnaire. Both groups responded to the change detection and spatial marking tests using the attention section of the CogLab software under the same conditions. Data were processed by SPSS-24. In the diagnosis analysis, the results showed that the ratio of the correct response to the detection of change in the so-so mode had the highest predictive power in the separation and differentiation of classes between the case and control groups, and the results of the diagnostic function in the cross-validation section were able to be found in both case and control groups. 80.6 percent of all people in the ADHD group (case) and also 72.7 percent of all people in the control group were correctly grouped; The change detection test and spatial marking in CogLab software platform can be used as an auxiliary tool in the service of psychologists to help the diagnosis process in children with ADHD.
Narges Hafezi, Houshang Garavand,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the mediating role of psychological flexibility in the relationship between maladaptive schemas and psychological distress. The research design employed in this study was descriptive-correlational, utilizing structural equation modeling. The population of this study included all undergraduate students of Poldokhtar Higher Education Center during 2020-2021. The size of the statistical sample according to Klein's rule of thumb equals 230 people, which was done by an available sampling method and an online questionnaire. The Young Schema Questionnaire, the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory by Dennis and Vanderwal, and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale were used to collect the data. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling, and bootstrapping was employed to examine the mediating role of variables. The results indicated that maladaptive schemas have a direct significant effect on psychological distress (P < 0.01) and an indirect effect through psychological flexibility (P < 0.01). Based on the results, the research model demonstrated a good fit. By reducing maladaptive schemas, students can enhance their psychological flexibility, which may lead to overcoming academic issues and reducing psychological distress.
Seyed Mohammad Saeid Sahaf,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
According to the existing classifications of Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM) test, it is shown that RCPM is not a homogeneous test and various cognitive factors are involved in it. Moreover, success in RCPM is influenced by working memory ability. Therefore, the present study aims to compare the three factors of the RCPM test in two groups of students with weak and strong visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and examine their role in each of the existing components.
This research evaluated a sample of 150 female students aged 6 to 10 years. Initially, after obtaining consent from the students, the school, and the parents, each student took the RCPM test. The score for each question was recorded as either correct or incorrect, and the total correct responses for each factor were calculated. Subsequently, the Corsi block span test was conducted to assess VSWM, and the score for each participant was recorded. Based on the scores of Corsi block span test, the participants were divided into two groups with strong and weak VSWM, and each factor was individually examined in these two groups.
The results showed that the differences in two factors of the RCPM test in the two groups with strong and weak VSWM are statistically significant. Reviewing the literature shows that differences in VSWM can explain success in the first (involving similarity) and second (Gestalt principles) factors. However, the examination of the third factor (involving concrete and abstract reasoning) yields contradictory results in previous research. This research is the first study to focus on the difference in VSWM in the triadic factors of the RCPM test. It is recommended that in future research, the relationship between the factors of the RCPM test and other cognitive functions be examined, and the roles of gender and age be considered.
Miss Fateme Hasanzade Maharlouee, Dr Fateme Dehghani-Arani, Dr Abdolhoseyn Vahhabi, Mr Sepehr Sima,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
Attachment style is a relatively stable trait throughout life that affects how a person interacts with the environment. So far, many neurological researches have been carried out to understand the neural basis of attachment. In order to compare the results of these studies with each other and obtain the common areas mentioned in the studies, after reviewing the published studies and selecting the articles that were eligable to enter the meta-analysis (11 articles out of 564 articles from the initial search). Published results in attachment studies were analyzed using activation likelihood estimation (ALE). The correction threshold applied for significant clusters was P < .05. In attachment anxiety, ALE analysis showed a positive correlation with activity in the insula, inferior gyrus of the frontal lobe, superior gyrus of the temporal lobe, putamen nuclei, hippocampus and globus pallidus. Also, a negative correlation was observed between attachment anxiety and activity in the middle temporal gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus, and fusiform gyrus. In avoidance, ALE analysis showed a negative correlation with activity in the insula and superior temporal gyrus, and on the other hand, a positive correlation was observed with the middle frontal gyrus, the inferior gyrus of the frontal lobe, and the cingulate gyrus.
Fatemeh Nemati, Kimiya Ghaedi,
Volume 11, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
The current research aims to examine the structural relationships between sleep problems and emotional intelligence in adolescents, considering the mediating role of defect in executive functions. The present research had a descriptive-correlational design. The study sample included 381 first-grade high school students in Tabriz during the academic year 1401-02, selected through cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire, the Siberia and Shiring Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, the Gross and John Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test software, and the Continuous Performance Test software task. Statistical methods used for data analysis included Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis. The results showed that sleep problems have a direct and indirect influence on emotional intelligence through emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that emotion regulation and cognitive flexibility play a mediating role in the relationship between sleep problems and emotional intelligence.
Forough Khalilpour, Fariborz Dartaj, Hassan Asadzadeh, Esmaeil Sadipour, Kamran Sheivandi,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to develop and validate the educational package of cognitive-emotional empowerment and its effectiveness on working memory and emotional recognition of sixth grade female students. The research method is considered to be fundamental and applied in terms of its purpose, and the research is considered to be hybrid-exploratory. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part included Persian and English specialized books and articles in the field of cognitive-emotional empowerment in the last 20 years, which were selected by the purposeful sampling method of the sample group. Then the components of cognitive-emotional empowerment were extracted and coded with the qualitative method of thematic analysis. Finally, the package of cognitive-emotional empowerment was compiled during twelve sessions and its formal and content validity was confirmed by experts. The research method in the quantitative part was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this research includes all the female students of the sixth grade of elementary school in 1400-1401 who were studying in schools in Tehran. The sample size includes 30 people from the statistical population selected by available sampling method and they were placed in two control and experimental groups. For the experimental group, the developed program of cognitive-emotional empowerment was implemented, while the control group did not receive training. The research tools included numerical span test (Wechsler, 2003) and facial emotion recognition test (Ekman and Friesen, 2003). The results showed that the cognitive-emotional empowerment intervention had a significant effect on improving working memory and emotional recognition in the post-test and follow-up stages.
Mrs Faezeh Akbarifeizabadi, Dr Reza Kormi Nouri,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract
Dr Ahmad Rastegar, Dr Mohammadhasan Seyf, Dr Somayeh Negahdari, Mis Zahra Dehghan Khalili,
Volume 11, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the presentation of the causal model of perception of the electronic (virtual) learning environment and reflective thinking with regard to the mediating role of cognitive flexibility among the students of Payam Noor University in Shiraz. This research is descriptive and correlational. For this purpose, using simple random sampling, 400 students were selected as a statistical sample from all the students of Payam Noor University, Shiraz center, and questionnaires of perceptions from the educational environment of Sweeney et al. (1994), reflective thinking by Kamber et al. Cognitive flexibility questionnaire (CFI) was completed by Dennis and Vanderwaal (2010). All questionnaires are standard and have validity and reliability (alpha higher than 0.70). The collected data were analyzed with the help of Lisrel software. The results of the research showed that the direct and positive effect of engagement in academic assignments, learning authenticity and feeling of membership on the components of cognitive flexibility (perception of controllability, perception of behavior justification and perception of different options) is significant. Also, the direct and positive effect of the feeling of support on the components of the perception of controllability and the perception of different options is significant. In addition, the direct and positive effect of the sense of ownership on the component of the perception of the justification of behavior is significant. The direct and positive effect of flexibility components on reflective thinking is also significant. Also, the results showed that, in general, the mediating role of cognitive flexibility components is significant in the relationship between the perception of the educational environment and students' reflective thinking.
Aysan Sharei, Ali Salmani, Younes Keyanifard,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (3-2024)
Abstract
Risky behaviors are common in adolescent populations worldwide. It is believed that the disturbance in emotion regulation and emotional inhibition leads to an increase in risky behaviors in teenagers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of metacognitive interpersonal therapy on the cognitive regulation of emotion and emotional inhibition in adolescents with high-risk behaviors. The method of semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with a control group was conducted on all girls with high-risk behaviors who referred to Tehran counseling center in 2022. 30 teenage girls with risky behaviors were included in the study. Controlled study. Participants were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). After conducting the pre-test using Carver and White Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation Scale and Gross and John Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, the experimental group received metacognitive interpersonal training for 8 sessions of 90 minutes each week, while the control group received no training. did not. To evaluate the effect of training, a post-test was taken from both experimental and control groups. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS.23 software and multivariate covariance analysis method. The results showed that metacognitive interpersonal therapy caused a significant difference between the cognitive regulation of emotion and emotional inhibition in adolescents with high-risk behaviors. (P≥0.001). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that metacognitive interpersonal therapy has a positive effect on the cognitive regulation of emotion and emotional inhibition in adolescents with high-risk behaviors. Therefore, it can be said that this program can be used to help teenagers with risky behaviors.
Sima Eivazi, Jahangir Karami, Kamran Yazdanbakhsh,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (3-2024)
Abstract
children with dysgraphia have several visual perception. This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of HAMRAH cognitive rehabilitation package on improving visual perception in children with dysgraphia. A semi-experimental in the form of pretest-posttest control group design was used. 40 primary school students with dysgraphia who referred to counseling centers in Kermanshah city in the academic year 2022/2023 were selected. Among them, 40 who were willing to cooperate and were also available according to the entry criteria (having at least three components among the diagnostic criteria of dysgraphia, student and parent satisfaction) and withdrawal (being under other interventions) and after obtaining informed consent, they were randomly selected and and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. After performing the pre-test on both groups, a 12-session HAMRAH cognitive rehabilitation package was performed on the experimental group. Then both groups received the post-test. The data were analyzed using covariance. The results showed that the Hamrah cognitive rehabilitation package has an effect on improving visual perception and its components (spatial communication, spatial perception and shape stability) in children with dysgraphia (P<0.01). However, there was no significant effect on the components of shape-background recognition and motor-visual coordination. It can be concluded that the Hamrah cognitive rehabilitation package can be used as a single treatment or along in combination psychological therapies for students with dysgraphia.
Arezoo Mojarrad, Esmaeil Sadri Damirchi, Ali Sheykholeslami, Ali Rezaei Sharif, Vahid Abbasi,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (3-2024)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and short-term cognitive rehabilitation protocol on Symptoms of hallucinations and delusions in the elderly with mild Alzheimer's disease. The research method was an extended experiment with two experimental groups and one control group, which was conducted using the pre-test and post-test method. The statistical population included all elderly people over 65 years of age with mild Alzheimer's who had referred to a neurologist in 1401, and among these people, 60 people were selected by available sampling and then randomly. They were assigned in two experimental groups and one control group (20 people in each group). Then, the independent variables of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for 10 sessions of 20 minutes once a week on an experimental group and a short-term cognitive rehabilitation program for 9 sessions (90 minutes each session) It was designed according to the documentary method and based on Luria's (1963) healthy function replacement approach, and after confirming the validity of the content by experts, it was applied to the second experimental group once a week, and no intervention was performed on the third group. After the end of the intervention, the post-test was conducted with an interval of one week on the experimental and control groups. After one month, the studied groups were followed up again. Neuropsychological Questionnaire (NPI) was used to collect data. The results showed that both methods improve hallucination symptoms in the elderly with mild Alzheimer's and there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of these two methods. while they had no significant effect on the delusion variable. Therefore, it can be concluded that both methods can be used to improve hallucinations in the elderly with mild Alzheimer's disease.
Dr. Marzie Hashemi, Mrs. Mansoure Gholami,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (3-2024)
Abstract
The research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between thinking styles and decision-making styles with the mediation of problem solving among startup employees. The research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the research included all employees in the field of startups in Tehran in 1401. 300 people were selected by available sampling method and responded to research tools including questionnaires of thinking style (Sternberg, 1994), decision making style (Scott and Bruce, 1995) and problem-solving skills (Heppner, 1988). Analysis of research data using descriptive statistics methods (prevalence, percentage, mean and standard deviation), Pearson correlation coefficient, multivariate regression and structural equation modeling and path analysis statistical method with SPSS-26 software and Amos is done. Based on the findings, the proposed model had a good fit in structural equations and causal relationships between the mentioned variables. In general, in the proposed model of the research, it was found that the decision-making style is related to the thinking style both directly and indirectly through the problem-solving skills of the startup employees (P<0.05). The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between problem solving skills and its dimensions with decision-making style (P<0.05) and between thinking style and its dimensions with decision-making style. The collected data are consistent with the desired structural model and have a good fit. Therefore, the relationship between thinking styles and decision-making styles is confirmed with the mediation of problem-solving skills in startup employees.
Majid Ghorbani, Mahmoud Najafi, Vahid Nejati, Mohammad Ali Mohammadifar,
Volume 11, Issue 4 (3-2024)
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive empowerment of mental states on the mind reading ability of substance dependent people. The current study was a quasi-experimental type with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. 30 drug addicts with the same conditions in terms of age, education, occupation, etc. were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The participants responded to the eye reading test (Baron-Cohen test) in the pretest and posttest. The experimental group was subjected to the intervention of the cognitive empowerment program (Terme program) and the control group did not receive any intervention. The results of covariance analysis showed that cognitive empowerment (Terme program) is effective on the ability to read minds (theory of mind) in drug dependent people. In fact, the Terme program has improved the ability to read minds through the eyes in drug dependent people. Based on the results of the present research, it is possible to use the cognitive empowerment program (Terme program) in the ability to read minds through the eyes for drug dependent people.
Najmeh Hamid, Miss Fathemeh Yosefy, Dr Morteza Omidian,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of attention and memory training and improvement software on cognitive ability and emotion regulation in patients with corona virus after recovery. The present research project is a pre-test-post-test experiment with a control group. The statistical population of this research included all the residents of Shadegan city who were hospitalized in the first half of 2021 due to the corona virus in Shahid Moarefi Zadeh hospital (exclusively for corona patients) and then recovered. According to the research design, the sample size was 40 people, who were placed in 2 groups of 20, test and control groups (20 people in test group and 20 in control group) and were selected by simple random sampling method and randomly placed in test and control groups. Also, only the test group was intervened with attention and memory training and improvement software, and finally both groups answered the questionnaires (post-test) again. The research tools were the Garnefski`s Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Nejati`s Cognitive Capability Questionnaire, and attention and memory training and improvement software. Also, descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, minimum and maximum scores and inferential statistics such as; Levene test and covariance analysis were used to analyze data using SPSS software version 24. The results of covariance analysis of the data have shown that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in each of the dependent variables (P<0.001). That is, the average of the cognitive regulation of emotion and cognitive ability and all the components of these two variables have increased significantly in the experimental group compared to the pre-exam and the control group. Therefore, it can be said that the attention and memory training and improvement software has had a significant impact on the cognitive ability and emotion regulation of recovered patients of corona virus.
Fatemeh Saadat Bargaee, Dr Tahameh Hamvatan,
Volume 12, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
In this research, the relationship between attachment styles and difficulty in emotion regulation was investigated in a student sample. The design of this non-experimental research is correlational. The statistical population of the present study was made up of all the students of Azad Universities who were referred to the counseling centers of Tehran Azad Universities with major complaints in the field of interpersonal relationships in the academic year of 2014-2014, of which 400 were selected by voluntary sampling. The subjects were asked. Complete Hazan and Shavr (1987) attachment questionnaires and Gertz and Roemer (2004) difficulty in emotion regulation questionnaires. The results of the research showed that there is a significant negative relationship between secure attachment styles and difficulty in emotion regulation and its components, and a significant positive relationship between avoidant and ambivalent attachment styles and difficulty in emotion regulation and its components. Based on the findings of the present study, it can be concluded that attachment styles are correlated with difficulty in emotion regulation and its components.
Dr. Sajjad Rezaei, Mrs. Seyyede Elaheh Hosseini, Dr. Azra Zebardast,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disturbance. Besides drug therapy's effectiveness, non-drug treatments like cognitive therapies, particularly computer-based cognitive rehabilitation (CBCR), are gaining much attention today. This study assessed the applicability and the effectiveness of the Captain's Log software on improving change blindness and response selection in children with ADHD. The design was single-group quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test. Before and after the implementation of CBCR, the change detection and Simon effect tasks were performed through CogLab software to measure levels of change blindness and response selection, respectively. Six boys from Babol, aged 7 to 12 years old were selected through purposive sampling and received 10 sessions of CBCR twice a week with each session lasting 40 to 45 minutes. The results of the Wilcoxon test indicated that these children improved their response score in change blindness with flicker (z=-2.041,exact p<0.05); In addition, the response time to this test was significantly reduced (z=-1.782,exact p<0.05). However, the correct response score did not show significant improvement in the non-flicker condition (z=-1.732, exact p>0.05). Also, the time required for this test did not decrease significantly (z=-1.572, exact p>0.05). The response selection ability for spatial congruence condition had a significant decrease in speed (Z=-2.201, exact p<0.05); But in the case of spatial incongruence, no significant improvement was observed (z=-1.363, exact p>0.05). Results indicate relying on the brain plasticity and considering the repetition of cognitive operations that lead to increased cognitive skills, change blindness can be improved. These interventions were somewhat successful in increasing the desirable pausing behavior in response selection for ADHD children.
Ms Sana Panahipour, Dr Mahnaz Akhavan, Dr Zahra Hashemi,
Volume 12, Issue 2 (9-2024)
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to provide a structural model of academic performance based on multiple intelligences with the mediating role of executive functions (sustained attention, processing speed, planning, and working memory) in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The method of correlational research was structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the research included all boys between the ages of 12 and 17 with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and their mothers who had visited psychological centers in Tehran from 1400 to 1403. To collect data, the McKenzie’s Multiple Intelligences Questionnaire (1999) and the learning, executive, and attention function scale of Castellanos et al. (2018) were used. The data was analyzed by structural equation modeling. The findings showed that the research model has a favorable fit and sustained attention, processing speed and planning have a mediating role between mathematical intelligence and academic performance, processing speed, planning and working memory have a mediating role between visual-spatial intelligence and academic performance, sustained attention and working memory have a mediating role between musical intelligence and academic performance, also working memory have a mediating role between bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal intelligence with academic performance. The use of educational strategies of multiple intelligences in schools and educational centers is recommended to increase the executive functions of sustained attention, processing speed, planning and active memory, and as a result, the academic success of adolescent students with ADHD.
Mrs Sahar Khoshsorour, Dr Mohammad Narimani, Dr Sajjad Basharpour,
Volume 12, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
High autistic traits in adolescents are associated with a wide range of destructive educational and social consequences. Therefore, it is important to identify the influencing factors. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of social information processing in the autism spectrum symptoms by moderating working memory, cognitive flexibility and mentalizing.
This research was descriptive and correlational type and was done by structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of the research included all 12th grade students of public schools for boys and girls in Tehran in the academic year 2023-2024, 260 of whom were selected using a multi-stage sampling method. The research tools included the Social Information Processing - Attribution and Emotional Response Questionnaire (SIP-AEQ), the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), the Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ), computerized version of the Daneman and Carpenter's Working Memory Task, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Data analysis was done using Smart PLS 3 software.
The results of structural equation modeling showed that Hostile Attribution Bias (t=2/534 ،β=0/322) and Negative Emotional Responses (t=2/001، β=0/275) have a direct, positive and significant effect on the subclinical symptoms of autism. Mentalizing has a moderating effect on the relationship between hostile attributional bias (t=2/549، β=-0/507) and negative emotional responses (t=3/164، β=-0/632) with subclinical symptoms of autism. Also, the moderating role of working memory in the relationship between hostile attributional bias and subclinical symptoms of autism was confirmed (t=4/389، β=-0/394).
According to the results of the research, the use of Mentalization-Based Treatment (MBT), Working Memory Training and Social Information-Processing Skills Training is suggested to the therapists.
