فصلنامه روانشناسی شناختی

To determine the role of positive and negative emotion, pessimism, optimism, and information processing styles in the students’ psychological adjustment, using the multi-stage cluster sampling method, 400 students of Tabriz University were selected. They were assessed by the positive and negative affect scales (PANAS), Life Orientation-Revised (LOT-R), California Psychological Test (CPI), and Perceive Modes of Processing Inventory (PMPI). The data was analyzed using multiple regression and Pearson correlation coefficient methods. Findings showed that optimism, positive emotions, and rational and experimental information processing styles could significantly predict the psychological adjustment. Therefore, the present study suggests that the students’ psychological adjustment is considerably influenced by their emotional, attributive, and cognitive factors, so these parameters can affect their process of Psychological adjustment.

The Purpose of this study was investigating the effects of the emotion elicitation on the enhancement of the implicit motor memory. To achieve this goal, of the students of Kharazmi University, 40 undergraduate students (20 male and 20 female students), who were accessible, were selected, and then they were divided randomly into two emotional and neutral groups: in each group there was 10 men and 10 women. Serial color matching task was considered for this study. The experiment included two periods: acquisition and remembering period. In the acquisition period, all groups practiced the task for six blocks of 150 trials with the repetitive and random frequency. During the acquisition period, the emotion of a group was aroused by the method of manipulating failure while the other group was in a neutral situation. During the experiment, the changes occurred in the density of the salivary cortisol and anxiety was measured. The Results showed that increasing the emotion of the task could increase the density of the salivary cortisol and anxiety. Furthermore, while the neutral group had no enhancement in SCRT learning during the 24 hours, the emotional group showed substantial enhancement during the same period of time.  

The goal of the current study was to assess the role of the cognitive emotion regulation strategie in student’s test anxiety. Using randomized multistage cluster sampling method 330 (165 girls, 135 boys) were selected and assessed by Persian version of cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (Garnefski, Kraaij & Spinhoven, 2001) and Spielberger's test Anxiety Scale (1980). The results of stepwise multivariate regression analysis indicated that among adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, positive reappraisal and putting into perspective pridected both wory and emotionality components of test anxiety, wheras total score of test anxiety was pridected by positive reappraisal and refocus on planning strategies. Among maladaptive strategies, self-blame and catastrophizing strategies pridected wory component and total score of test anxiety. Also, the emotionality component was pridected via self-blame, catastrophizing and rumination strategies. The results of this study indicate that dysfunctional cognitive coping is one of causes of test anxiety incidence and training effective cognitive emotion regulation strategies can be major steps in test anxiety based interventions.

Introduction: Emotion regulation problems can cause important disorders in children and adolescents. Since emotion dysregulation has major role in internalizing and externalizing problems of children and adolescents, adolescence is  an important opportunity for changes in emotional experiences, emotional regulation and also increasing mental disorders and generalized changes in social relationships. The aim of this research is to study the effectiveness of training emotion regulation skills in improvement of executive function and emotion regulation strategies of at risk adolescents. Method: The method of this research is experimental that we used pre- test and post -test with control group.24 teenage girls have been selected from hazardous areas of Tehran with accessible manner and randomly they have been appointed in experimental and control group.The members of experimental group got education program of emotion regulation skills in the base  of dialectical behavioral therapy that was derived from Linehan model  in 8 group sessions,while the control group don’t take any intervention.Results: Training emotion regulation skills increased the scores of adaptive strategies and decreased the scores of maladaptive strategies. Also there was an increase in total number correct of executive function variable and number of categories completed rather than control group.Conclusion: Training of emotion regulation skills can affect in modifying and moderating of emotional reactions in adolescents and also it can affects on involved cognitive processes.

This study examined the mediating effect of positive and negative achievement emotions on the relationship between causal attributions and academic self-regulation among university students. On a sample consisting of 270 students (93 male 177 female) were administrated the achievement emotion questionnaire (Pekrun, Goetz & Perry, 2005).), attributin style questionnaire (Peterson, Semel, Beayer, Abramson, Metalsky & Seligman, 1982) and academic self-regulation scale (Ryan & Connell, 1989). Structural equation modeling was used to assess the mediating effects model of achievement emotions on the relationship between causal attributions and academic self-regulation. results showed that there is a positive significant correlation between adaptive attribution style with positive achievement emotions and a positive significant correlation between nonadaptive attribution style with negative achievement emotions and positive significant correlation between positive achievement emotions with self-regulation and negative correlation between negative emotions and academic self-regulation. Results also indicated that the relationship between adaptive and non-adaptive attribution styles and academic self-regulation by positive and negative achievement emotions is mediated. All of the regression weights in the both models were statistically significant and in the the mediating model of positive and negative achievement emotions, models' predictors accounted for 25% and 21% of the variance in academic self-regulation, respectively. In sum, the results emphysising on the mediating role of achievement emotions, provide further support for the attribution theory. 

The aim of the present study is the predict of worry based on behavioral activation and inhibition systems, cognitive emotion regulation strategies and intolerance of uncertainty in students. In terms of objective, this study is off is study is the fundamental type, and in terms of data collection, it is of the correlation type. For this purpose, 200 students were selected using convenience sampling (available sampling) from Masters students at the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz in 2014-2015 school year. The participants were asked to answer the measures of behavioral activation and inhibition systems (BAS/BIS), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (SERQ), intolerance of uncertainty Scale (IUS) and the Penn state worry Questionnaire (PSWQ). Data were analyzed by the analysis of variance and stepwise regression. Results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the variables of behavioral inhibition system, negative cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and intolerance of uncertainty in one hand, and worry in another hand (p<0.01), and there was a negative significant relationship between the positive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and worry (p<0.01). These variables were able to predict 1/54 of the total variance of concern (p<0.001). In addition, the relationship between the behavioral activator system variable and worry was not significant. Worry is related to a variety of negative consequences, including a high degree of emotional reactivity and inefficient regulation styles. Thus, the findings of this study have practical implications in the clinical arena.

Mathematics is one of the courses in which students are weak and it causes their academic failure. The aim of present study is to estimate the math anxiety based on cognitive emotion regulation and problem-solving ability in second year students of science. The research method was correlation. The participants of this study were female second year students of science in Yazd. So, 130 girls were selected based on cluster random sampling method and completed math anxiety MARS-R, cognitive emotion regulation CERQ and problem-solving ability PSI questionnaires.  Descriptive statistical indices, Pearson correlation coefficient, and step by step multivariate regression were used by the software SPSS V. 20 to analyze the data. The results indicated that although there is an inverse relation between math anxiety scores of students and two dimensions of problem-solving ability such as control characters (r = - 0/249) and confidence in problem-solving (r = - 0/348), the relation between math anxiety scores and negative cognitive emotion regulation is direct and significant (r = 0/327). The findings from regression showed that problem-solving ability and negative dimension of cognitive emotion regulation explained totally 18 percent of variance in math anxiety in level p<0/01, serialization negative direction and positive direction could predict the math anxiety. According to these findings, it's suggested to authorities and math teachers to attempt for increasing math performance of students through decreasing their negative cognitive emotion regulation and increasing their confidence in problem-solving.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of coherent principlin  multimedia learning environment. In doing so, the issue of the creation of lightening concept was represented via 4 different animation to junior students of secondary school (N=112). The first group observed the animation with the coherent concept, the second group watched the animation with seductive details with less interest (irrelevant details), the third group watched it with seductive details with more interest that led to emotional interest and the forth group watched the animation with seductive details with more interest that led to cognitive interest. Learning the process of lightening formation was evaluated via maintenance and transmission, the test of cognitive load was used for investigation of the amount of cognitive load of experience during training and response to question. For investigating the research hypotheses the one way ANOVA, contrast coefficient and follow test were used. Better performance of the fourth group in maintenance and transmission information compared with the third group indicates that the seductive details are not seductive always. On the other hand the better performance of the first group in one test of the information maintenance compared with the second and third group indicates the impact of coherent principle.

This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties flow metacognitions questionnaire (FMQ) on the student population took place. For this purpose, 390 students of Urmia University were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling, then flow metacognitions questionnaire (FMQ), Positive Metacognitions and Meta-Emotions Questionnaire and Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire were distributed among them to respond. After collecting data to determine the psychometric properties of the flow metacognitions questionnaire (FMQ), initially validity of the Questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha, retest and splitting coefficient, the criterion validity with Positive Metacognitions and Meta-Emotions Questionnaire and Meta-Cognitions Questionnaire. As well as its factor structure was assessed by using confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the factor analysis indicated that the flow metacognitions questionnaire (FMQ) has two factors, check the validity of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha, retest and splitting coefficient reflects the stability of the scale, the criterion validity of the questionnaire with other questionnaires Showed desirable discriminant and convergence validity. Overall, the findings indicated that flow metacognitions questionnaire (FMQ), has good psychometric properties in sample of student and normal population, and tool can be used in studies in the Iranian culture.  

The failures of memory function in post-traumatic stress disorder and its relationship with severity of symptoms need to take new approaches to improve the memory performance in patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the Effectiveness of emotional working memory Training on improvement memory in adolescents with Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). For this purpose, 4 adolescents (M: 2 F: 2) were selected available sampling by using 2 instruments (SCID-I) & (IES-R) The selected people– one by one were under emotional working memory training during 20 sessions. All people were assessed during three stages (pre-training, post- training and 2 month follow up) by children' Wechsler Digit Span Test (direct and reverse). Data were analyzed using the indices for trend changes, slope and the visual inspection of the charts; recovery percent index and effect size were used to determine the clinical significance. The results showed that emotional working memory training lead to increase in ability of participants in memory from pretest to follow up who suffering from Post- Traumatic Stress Disorders. Regarding the current study, it can be said that emotional working memory training is an appropriate choice for increase in memory in adolescents suffering from Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder

This study to do identifying processes and strategies of emotion regulation and designing developmental model based on self-regulation patterns. Thus, this study examined emotion regulation with a developmental perspective in children age 4 - 12 years In Tehran. To 108 children, scenarios including four emotions namely sadness, madness, worry and pain were read. After the stories were read to the subjects and duly understood by them, and once an emotional atmosphere was created, subjects had an emotion regulation interview (ERI) and observation. Findings show that emotion regulation developed from extra-organismic self-regulation (input and output) toward intra-organismic (central processing). This trajectory is situation, attention and perception change, responding and expression modulating and internal-cognitive regulation. 

This research aimed to investigate the effect of metacognitive awareness on decision-making styles and emotion regulation in female high school students during 2016 in Tabriz, Iran. We conducted a pre- and post-test quasi-experimental research design with a control group. Two classes were selected by cluster sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental (n=19) and control (n=19) groups. A metacognitive awareness intervention program was performed in eight sessions (once a week in 90-minutes) for the experimental group but the control group did not receive any intervention and served as the benchmarking point of the comparison. The Decision Styles Questionnaire (Leykin & DeRubeis, 2010) and Regulation of Emotion Questionnaire (Phillips & Power, 2007) were administered. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The result showed a significant decrease in the score of the avoidant, anxious, intuitive, and spontaneous dimensions as well as a significant increase in the score of the dependent dimension of decision-making styles in the experimental group compared with the control group. Moreover, the scores of the dysfunction dimension of emotion regulation decreased significantly in the experimental group, while, the scores of the function dimension increased significantly.

Abstract

 Addiction has negative effects on people's psychological and social aspects. In fact, addiction is a chronic disease that causes various biological, psychological and social impact of.The aim of current study was Effectiveness of process emotion regulation strategies in improvement on executive functions  and quality of life in recovered addictions in drop in centers. The  method of this research is experimental that we used pre-tests and post-tests with control group. The sample consisted of 24 male  of recovered addictions in drop in centers that selected with accessible sampaling and randomly they have been appointed in experimental and control group. Experimental group recieved emotion regulation strategies based on gross model for ten sessions, while the control group don^,t take any intervention. The information were assessed via Wisconsin card sorting test and quality of life questionnaire.The data were analyzed by analysis of multivariate covariance.  The results show that process emotion regulation strategies improve executive functions and  increase quality of life in experimental group. process emotion regulation strategies suggest positive clinical implications in substance abuse treatment  and relapse prevention.

Given that Gray behavioral-brain systems and AFECT combined nature emotional-affective model, a biological model of personality is introduced which forms individual differences  so that each activity results in calling of different reactions. This  present research aimed to  provide relational  patterns of behavioral-brain systems with dimensions of combined nature emotional-affective model. Statistical population contained 220 university students from ShahidMadani University of Azarbaiijan that sampling method was categorical clustering  and subjects were tested by Jackson Personality Questionnaire  and AFFECT. To analysis  data, Pearson  correlation coefficient  and simultaneous multi regression were done. Results  of  regression showed that all dimensions of AFECT combined nature emotional-affective model  are predictable from  relational  patterns of Gray behavioral-brain systems with significance in level 0/01, except anger and spree, the highest percent of prediction belongs to emotional nature of control and the lowest percent of prediction belongs to anger  so that 16% variances former as well as7% variance of  later are predictable from Gray theory. The  highest  percent of prediction is for depression affect which 15% of changes as well as the lowest  prediction was for spree which 8% of changes were predictable from Gray theory. Collectively,  results from research  on statistical population is indicator of rational patterns between theories of Gray behavioral-brain systems and AFECT combined nature emotional-affective model.

Abstract

The main purpose of this study was to investigate causal relationship between cognitive emotion regulation, metacognition and test anxiety were evaluated in students according to the self-regulatory executive function model of wells and Matthews (1999). Data was analyzed through correlation, structural equation modeling. In this study 1000 students at second and third grade of public, governmental and gifted school were participated from October to November 2015 by cluster random sampling method. The participants completed cognitive emotion regulation inventory (Garnefski et al, 2001), test anxiety inventory (Abolghasemi: et al, 1995) and metacognition questionnaire (Cartwright-Hatton and Wells, 2004). Result of this study showed positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation had a mediating role in the relationship between Meta cognition and test anxiety in student. Metacognition had a direct and indirect effect on test anxiety by mediating role of positive and negative cognitive emotion regulation but negative cognitive emotion regulation had a more effect than positive cognitive emotion regulation in mediating role between meta cognition and test anxiety. To the result, focusing on the cognitive emotion regulation strategies can play on important role in student test anxiety. More interventions based on metacognition and negative cognitive emotion regulation in treatment for pathological test anxiety are suggested.

The main purpose of this study is to determine the Effectiveness of Decisional and Self-Efficacy Therapy Transtheoretical model (TTM) on Cognitive-Emotional regulation , Mind control and pain Patients with chronic pain. This study was a semiexperimental study with a pretest, post-test and follow-up. Subjects were first screened using the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Therefore 70 hypertensive patients who referred to the chronic pain Hospital in bukan city were selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The TTM group was treated in 8 sessions, Results showed that there were significant differences between two groups in Cognitive-Emotional regulation , Mind control and pain. so, TTM is an effective intervention in essential chronic pain patients.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the discrimination role of reinforcement sensitivity theory, emotion regulation processes strategies and cognitive flexibility in discrimination of people with internet addiction. The research design was a two-group diagnostic function. The study population included Internet user students at Imam Khomeini International University in Qazvin (18 to 35 years). Sample selection was done using convenience sampling method. The research sample consisted of 92 participants (46 = Internet addiction, 46 = normal). Data were collected using the Internet addiction inventory, cognitive flexibility inventory, emotion regulation process strategies inventory and Jackson's five-factor scale; and were analyzed using discriminant analysis. The findings showed that reappraisal and cognitive flexibility negatively, and then BAS, BIS and suppression positivey, in order, had the strongest relationship with the present function and discriminated the groups from each other. But the system of FFFS did not have a significant role in the discrimination of the two groups. In general, cognitive flexibility, emotion regulation processes strategies, and BAS and BIS sensitivity are important factors in discrimination people with Internet addiction from normal people.