The Effect of 12 Weeks of Resistance Training, Total Body Vibration and Combination on Serum Vitamin D Concentration, Bone Mineral Density and Functional Indices in Elderly Men with Osteoporosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Dehghan, Kourosh; Jalali Dehkodi, khosro; Taghian, Farzaneh; Kargarfard, Mehdi; Abedi, Bahram

doi:10.61186/jsmt.21.25.147

Volume 21, Issue 25 (9-2023) RSMT 2023, 21(25): 147-167 | Back to browse issues page

‎ 10.61186/jsmt.21.25.147

Mendeley

Zotero

RefWorks

Dehghan K, Jalali Dehkodi K, Taghian F, Kargarfard M, Abedi B. The Effect of 12 Weeks of Resistance Training, Total Body Vibration and Combination on Serum Vitamin D Concentration, Bone Mineral Density and Functional Indices in Elderly Men with Osteoporosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial. RSMT 2023; 21 (25) :147-167
URL: http://jsmt.khu.ac.ir/article-1-582-en.html

The Effect of 12 Weeks of Resistance Training, Total Body Vibration and Combination on Serum Vitamin D Concentration, Bone Mineral Density and Functional Indices in Elderly Men with Osteoporosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kourosh Dehghan

, Khosro Jalali Dehkodi ^*

, Farzaneh Taghian

, Mehdi Kargarfard

, Bahram Abedi

Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University , khosrojalali@gmail.com

Abstract: (1352 Views)

Osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease, and various factors such as low body mass index and lack of physical activity are involved in the occurrence of this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of circular resistance exercises, whole body vibration and their combination on 25-hydroxyvitamin D, bone mineral density and functional factors in elderly people with osteoporosis. In a randomized controlled experiment with a pre-test-post-test design, 60 elderly men with osteoporosis with an age range of 65-78 years were randomly divided into four exercise groups: Circular resistance training (CRT, n=15), whole body vibration training (WBVT, n=15), combined (CRT + WBVT, n=15), and control (n=15). CRT with an intensity of 30 to 60% of the maximum repetition strength (1RM) was performed 3 times a week for 12 weeks. WBVT were performed in the form of 10 combined lower body and upper body movements with a frequency intensity between 25 to 45 Hz, an amplitude of 5 to 8 mm, and a time of each movement of 60 to 100 seconds, While the control group maintained their usual lifestyle. Body composition variables include; Fat-free weight (LBM), soft tissue weight (SLM) and skeletal muscle weight (SMM) using Body Composition Analyzer, bone density measurement using DEXA test and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 before and after the last training sessions. Data analysis was done by using paired sample t-test and analyze of covariance (ANCOVA) at a level less than 0.05. After 12 weeks of intervention, a significant improvement in BMD, balance, coordination, muscle strength, lean weight and skeletal muscle weight was observed after CRT and CRT + WBVT exercises in comparison with the control group. However, no significant differences were observed between the groups in the variables of weight, body mass index, lean weight, soft tissue weight, skeletal muscle weight (SMM), BMD, balance, hydroxyvitamin D3 (p> 0.05). The findings of the current research show that performing CRT, WBVT and CRT + WBV exercises as a non-pharmacological treatment method can cause a significant increase in bone density and functional indicators of elderly men and has no effect on the hormonal indicators of elderly men with osteoporosis. Further studies with long-term follow-up should be considered to confirm these findings.

Keywords: Osteoporosis, Bone Mineral Density, Body Composition, Hydroxyvitamin D3, Circular Resistance Training, Whole Body Vibration, Elderly

Full-Text [PDF 2071 kb] (337 Downloads)

Type of Study: Research | Subject: sport physiology
Received: 2023/05/20 | Accepted: 2023/07/18 | Published: 2023/09/1

References

1. 1.Vásquez-Araneda E, Solís-Vivanco RI, Mahecha-Matsudo S, Zapata-Lamana R, Cigarroa I. Characteristics of physical exercise programs for older adults in Latin America: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021;18(6):2812. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph18062812]

2. Khursheed R, Singh SK, Wadhwa S, Kapoor B, Gulati M, Kumar R, et al. Treatment strategies against diabetes: Success so far and challenges ahead. European journal of pharmacology. 2019;862:172625. [DOI:10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172625]

3. Raj NB, Lee WZ, Eswaramoorthi V, Razali H, Othman NYH, Rao U. Exercise programmes for reducing the risk of falls in elderly: a review. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2020;13(6):2977-84. [DOI:10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00527.2]

4. Sallis JF, Cain KL, Conway TL, Gavand KA, Millstein RA, Geremia CM, et al. Peer reviewed: Is your neighborhood designed to support physical activity? A brief streetscape audit tool. Preventing chronic disease. 2015;12. [DOI:10.5888/pcd12.150098]

5. Marin-Puyalto J, Gomez-Cabello A, Gonzalez-Agüero A, Gomez-Bruton A, Matute-Llorente A, Casajus JA, et al. Is vibration training good for your bones? An overview of systematic reviews. BioMed Research International. 2018;2018. [DOI:10.1155/2018/5178284]

6. Bemben D, Stark C, Taiar R, Bernardo-Filho M. Relevance of whole-body vibration exercises on muscle strength/power and bone of elderly individuals. Dose-Response. 2018;16(4):1559325818813066. [DOI:10.1177/1559325818813066]

7. Hassanzadeh HA, Gozashti M, Dehkhoda MO, Kazemi A. The effect of calcium and vitamin d consumption and combined training on parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase of postmenopausal women. Medical journal of Mashhad University of medical sciences. 2012;55(2):96-101.

8. Karamesha P, Morteza Dehghan, Razieh P, Morteza Hashemzadeh CH, Masoud A, Siddiqa K. Relationship between ApaI and TaqI polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor gene with osteoporosis in women aged 45 years and older in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Shahrekord Medical University. 2014; 17th year(2):17-

9. Wang Y, Kong L, Chen J, Li X, Yang D, Ding H. Treatment of Osteoporosis in Rats with Parathyroid Hormone Combined with Calcitonin. Revista Científica de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. 2020;30(5):2448-58.

10. Lombardi G, Ziemann E, Banfi G, Corbetta S. Physical activity-dependent regulation of parathyroid hormone and calcium-phosphorous metabolism. International journal of molecular sciences. 2020;21(15):5388. [DOI:10.3390/ijms21155388]

11. Cao S, Wang Z, Li C, Wang Q. The effect of whole-body vibration exercise on postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2021;100(18). [DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000025606]

12. Abbasi E, Kahrizi S, Razi M, Faghihzadeh S. The effect of whole-body vibration training on the lower extremity muscles' electromyographic activities in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 2017;31:107. [DOI:10.14196/mjiri.31.107]

13. Beck BR. Vibration therapy to prevent bone loss and falls: mechanisms and efficacy. Current osteoporosis reports. 2015;13:381-9. [DOI:10.1007/s11914-015-0294-8]

14. Wang P, Yang L, Li H, Lei Z, Yang X, Liu C, Jiang H, Zhang L, Zhou Z, Reinhardt JD, He C. Effects of whole-body vibration training with quadriceps strengthening exercise on functioning and gait parameters in patients with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled preliminary study. Physiotherapy. 2016 Mar 1;102(1):86-92 [DOI:10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.3720]

15. Rittweger J, Beller G, Armbrecht G, Mulder E, Buehring B, Gast U, et al. Prevention of bone loss during 56 days of strict bed rest by side-alternating resistive vibration exercise. Bone. 2010;46(1):137-47. [DOI:10.1016/j.bone.2009.08.051]

16. Beller G, Belavý DL, Sun L, Armbrecht G, Alexandre C, Felsenberg D. WISE-2005: bed-rest induced changes in bone mineral density in women during 60 days simulated microgravity. Bone. 2011;49(4):858-66. [DOI:10.1016/j.bone.2011.06.021]

17. Ghasemi S, Sadeghi H. Effect of different exercises on the bone mineral density, pain and quality of life in people with osteoporosis. Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2015;4(3):156-65.

18. Šarabon N, Kozinc Ž. Effects of resistance exercise on balance ability: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Life. 2020;10(11):284. [DOI:10.3390/life10110284]

19. O'Donovan G, Blazevich AJ, Boreham C, Cooper AR, Crank H, Ekelund U, et al. The ABC of Physical Activity for Health: a consensus statement from the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences. Journal of sports sciences. 2010;28(6):573-91. [DOI:10.1080/02640411003671212]

20. Warburton DE, Bredin SS. Reflections on physical activity and health: what should we recommend? Canadian Journal of Cardiology. 2016;32(4):495-504. [DOI:10.1016/j.cjca.2016.01.024]

21. Parsa A, Hosseini A, Reza Des, Bijeh, Nahid D, Hamedinia. The effect of combined exercise volume (resistance-aerobic) on neurotrophin changes, neuropathic pain and some functional indicators in postmenopausal women with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Iranian Journal of Women, Obstetrics and Infertility. 2020;22(12):24-37.

22. Beck B, Rubin C, Harding A, Paul S, Forwood M. The effect of low-intensity whole-body vibration with or without high-intensity resistance and impact training on risk factors for proximal femur fragility fracture in postmenopausal women with low bone mass: Study protocol for the VIBMOR randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2022 Jan 6;23(1):15. 23. Westcott WL. Resistance training is medicine: effects of strength training on health. Current sports medicine reports. 2012;11(4):209-16. [DOI:10.1249/JSR.0b013e31825dabb8]

23. Fisher JP, Steele J, Gentil P, Giessing J, Westcott WL. A minimal dose approach to resistance training for the older adult; the prophylactic for aging. Experimental gerontology. 2017;99:80-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.exger.2017.09.012]

24. Garber CE, Blissmer B, Deschenes MR, Franklin BA, Lamonte MJ, Lee I-M, et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2011;43(7):1334-59. [DOI:10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb]

25. Babatunde O, Forsyth J, Gidlow C. A meta-analysis of brief high-impact exercises for enhancing bone health in premenopausal women. Osteoporosis international. 2012;23:109-19. [DOI:10.1007/s00198-011-1801-0]

26. Yuan Y, Chen X, Zhang L, Wu J, Guo J, Zou D, et al. The roles of exercise in bone remodeling and in prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology. 2016;122(2):122-30. [DOI:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.11.005]

27. Welsh L, Rutherford O, James I, Crowley C, Comer M, Wolman R. The acute effects of exercise on bone turnover. International journal of sports medicine. 1997;18(04):247-51. [DOI:10.1055/s-2007-972628]

28. Thomas E, Gentile A, Lakicevic N, Moro T, Bellafiore M, Paoli A, et al. The effect of resistance training programs on lean body mass in postmenopausal and elderly women: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research. 2021:1-12. [DOI:10.1007/s40520-021-01853-8]

29. Maïmoun L, Sultan C. Effect of physical activity on calcium homeostasis and calciotropic hormones: a review. Calcified tissue international. 2009;85:277-86. [DOI:10.1007/s00223-009-9277-z]

30. Molina-Sotomayor E, Espinoza-Salinas A, Arenas-Sánchez G, Pradas de la Fuente F, Leon-Prados JA, Gonzalez-Jurado JA. Effects of Resistance Training Program on Muscle Mass and Muscle Strength and the Relationship with Cognition in Older Women. Sustainability. 2021;13(14):7687. [DOI:10.3390/su13147687]

31. Ramos-Campo DJ, Andreu Caravaca L, Martínez-Rodríguez A, Rubio-Arias JÁ. Effects of resistance circuit-based training on body composition, strength and cardiorespiratory fitness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biology. 2021;10(5):377. [DOI:10.3390/biology10050377]

32. Tosun A, Bölükbaşı N, Çıngı E, Beyazova M, Ünlü M. Acute effects of a single session of aerobic exercise with or without weight-lifting on bone turnover in healthy young women. Modern rheumatology. 2006;16(5):300-4. [DOI:10.3109/s10165-006-0503-5]

33. Zittermann A, Sabatschus O, Jantzen S, Platen P, Danz A, Stehle P. Evidence for an acute rise of intestinal calcium absorption in response to aerobic exercise. European journal of nutrition. 2002;41:189-96. [DOI:10.1007/s00394-002-0375-1]

34. Holubiac IȘ, Grosu VT. An Explorative Literature Review of The Influence of Physical Exercises on Bone Mineral Density. Arena: Journal of Physical Activities. 2019(8).

35. Rolvien T, Amling M. Disuse osteoporosis: clinical and mechanistic insights. Calcified tissue international. 2022:1-13.

36. Rajapakse CS, Johncola AJ, Batzdorf AS, Jones BC, Al Mukaddam M, Sexton K, et al. Effect of low‐intensity vibration on bone strength, microstructure, and adiposity in pre‐osteoporotic postmenopausal women: a randomized placebo‐controlled trial. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2021;36(4):673-84. [DOI:10.1002/jbmr.4229]

37. Whipple T, Le BH, Demers L, Chinchilli V, Petit M, Sharkey N, et al. Acute effects of moderate intensity resistance exercise on bone cell activity. International journal of sports medicine. 2004;25(07):496-501. [DOI:10.1055/s-2004-820942]

38. Gómez-Cabello A, Ara I, González-Agüero A, Casajús J, Vicente-Rodriguez G. Effects of training on bone mass in older adults: a systematic review. Sports Medicine. 2012;42:301-25. [DOI:10.2165/11597670-000000000-00000]

39. Maimoun L, Manetta J, Couret I, Dupuy A, Mariano-Goulart D, Micallef J, et al. The intensity level of physical exercise and the bone metabolism response. International journal of sports medicine. 2006;27(02):105-11. [DOI:10.1055/s-2005-837621]

40. Brahm H, Piehl-Aulin K, Saltin B, Ljunghall S. Net fluxes over working thigh of hormones, growth factors and biomarkers of bone metabolism during short lasting dynamic exercise. Calcified tissue international. 1997;60:175-80. [DOI:10.1007/s002239900210]

41. Hassanzadeh H, Passadi M, Dehkhoda MR, Kazemi A. The effect of calcium, vitamin D and combined exercise on parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphatase enzyme in postmenopausal women. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. 2012;55(2):96-101.

42. Moazami M, Jamali F. The effect of 6-months aerobic exercises on bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone in obese inactive woman. J Sport Biomotor Sci. 2014;10(2):71-8.

43. Gombos GC, Bajsz V, Pék E, Schmidt B, Sió E, Molics B, et al. Direct effects of physical training on markers of bone metabolism and serum sclerostin concentrations in older adults with low bone mass. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 2016;17(1):1-8. [DOI:10.1186/s12891-016-1109-5]

44. Kim S-W, Seo M-W, Jung H-C, Song J-K. Effects of high-impact weight-bearing exercise on bone mineral density and bone metabolism in middle-aged premenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. Applied Sciences. 2021;11(2):846. [DOI:10.3390/app11020846]

45. Pilch W, Tyka A, Cebula A, Śliwicka E, Pilaczyńska-Szcześniak Ł. Effects of a 6-week Nordic walking training on changes in 25 (OH) D blood concentration in women aged over 55. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2016;57(1-2):124-9. [DOI:10.23736/S0022-4707.16.05964-X]

46. Holick MF. The vitamin D deficiency pandemic: Approaches for diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 2017;18:153-65. [DOI:10.1007/s11154-017-9424-1]

47. Moghadasi M, Siavashpour S. The effect of 12 weeks of resistance training on hormones of bone formation in young sedentary women. European journal of applied physiology. 2013;113:25-32. [DOI:10.1007/s00421-012-2410-0]

48. Naghizadeh H, Azizbeigi K. Effect of 12 weeks of progressive resistance training on the serum levels of liver enzymes Aspartate Aminotransferase, Alanine Aminotransferase, Alkaline Phosphatase in sedentary obese men. Metabolism and Exercise. 2019;9(2):163-85.

49. Zhao R, Zhao M, Zhang L. Efficiency of jumping exercise in improving bone mineral density among premenopausal women: a meta-analysis. Sports medicine. 2014;44:1393-402. [DOI:10.1007/s40279-014-0220-8]

50. Pouyafar M, Askari R, Hoseini Kakhk SA, Damavandi M, Maleki A. Comparing the Effects of Eight Weeks of Whole Body Vibration Exercise Combined With Rope Skipping at Two Different Intensities on Physical Performance of Older Men: A Randomized Single-Blind Clinical Trial. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2021;16(3):376-95. [DOI:10.32598/sija.2021.16.3.2885.2]

51. Zaki ME. Effects of whole body vibration and resistance training on bone mineral density and anthropometry in obese postmenopausal women. Journal of osteoporosis. 2014;2014. [DOI:10.1155/2014/702589]

52. Pieczyńska A, Zasadzka E, Trzmiel T, Pyda M, Pawlaczyk M. The effect of a mixed circuit of aerobic and resistance training on body composition in older adults-retrospective study. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021;18(11):5608. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph18115608]

53. Harijanto C, Lim A, Vogrin S, Duque G. Does Whole-Body Vibration Training Have a Concurrent Effect on Bone and Muscle Health? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Gerontology. 2022;68(6):601-11. [DOI:10.1159/000519511]

54. Lu L, Mao L, Feng Y, Ainsworth BE, Liu Y, Chen N. Effects of different exercise training modes on muscle strength and physical performance in older people with sarcopenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC geriatrics. 2021;21(1):1-30. [DOI:10.1186/s12877-021-02642-8]

55. Kemmler W, Kohl M, Fröhlich M, Jakob F, Engelke K, von Stengel S, et al. Effects of high‐intensity resistance training on osteopenia and sarcopenia parameters in older men with osteosarcopenia-one‐year results of the randomized controlled Franconian Osteopenia and Sarcopenia Trial (FrOST). Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2020;35(9):1634-44. [DOI:10.1002/jbmr.4027]

56. Jo N-G, Kang S-R, Ko M-H, Yoon J-Y, Kim H-S, Han K-S, et al., editors. Effectiveness of whole-body vibration training to improve muscle strength and physical performance in older adults: prospective, single-blinded, randomized controlled trial. Healthcare; 2021: MDPI. [DOI:10.3390/healthcare9060652]

57. Souza D, Barbalho M, Gentil P. The impact of resistance training volume on muscle size and lean body mass: to infinity and beyond? Human Movement. 2020;21(4):18-29. [DOI:10.5114/hm.2020.94199]

58. Snijders T, Leenders M, de Groot L, van Loon LJ, Verdijk LB. Muscle mass and strength gains following 6 months of resistance type exercise training are only partly preserved within one year with autonomous exercise continuation in older adults. Experimental gerontology. 2019;121:71-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.exger.2019.04.002]