Samira Lotfi, Mehrangiz Paivastegar, Zohreh Khosravi, Roshanak Khodabakhsh, Abolghasem Mehrinejad,
Volume 14, Issue 4 (2-2021)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the structural model of explaining non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors based on perfectionism and traumatic experiences with the mediating role of psychological hardiness. The design of the present study was applied and correlational by structural equation modeling. Among all undergraduate students in Tehran universities, 529 (411 girls and 118 boys) were selected by cluster random sampling. They all completed questionnaires on self-injury, moral perfectionism, traumatic experiences, and psychological hardiness. Pearson correlation methods and structural equation modeling using SPSSV19 and AMOSV18 softwares were used to analyze the data. The results showed that both the variables of moral perfectionism and traumatic experiences, had direct and significant effects on psychological toughness and self-injurious behaviors. Psychological hardiness also had a direct and significant effect on self-injurious behaviors. In addition, the results showed that the two variables of moral perfectionism and traumatic experiences have an indirect and significant effect on self-injurious behaviors (P<0.01). Finally, the results of this study showed that moral perfectionism and harmful experiences have a significant effect on self-injurious behaviors due to stubbornness, and therefore the knowledge of psychologists, counselors and other experts about this model, to improve self-injurious behaviors, can be helpful.
Ali Beygi, , , ,
Volume 15, Issue 4 (2-2022)
Abstract
| Positive cognitive behavioral therapy is an integrated approach in psychotherapy which combines cognitive behavioral therapy with solution-focused therapy and positive psychology. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive cognitive behavioral therapy (PCBT) and traditional cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on mental well-being and resilience in adolescents with depressive symptoms. This study was an Quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttests with control group. For this purpose, first, depression scale was performed on male students. Among those students whose depression score was higher than the cutoff point, randomly, 17 were divided to the experimental group 1 (PCBT), 17 were divided to the experimental group 2 (CBT), and 17 were divided to the control group (without intervention). Then, scales of Subjective well-being of students and Connor and Davison resiliency were implemented as pretests. Then, interventions in experimental groups and no intervention in control group were performed, and finally, the above scales were performed as post-tests and follow up. Results showed that student’s score in subjective well-being and resiliency with PCBT were significantly higher than CBT and control group. It seems that; PCBT can be more effective in enhancing positive performance components. It’s necessary that; further research should highlight this issue |
Dr. Ebrahim Ahmadi,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (6-2022)
Abstract
Research has shown a negative correlation between mindfulness and defensive reactions to the reminder/thought of death, and the purpose of the present study was to illuminate the effect of meditation and mindfulness on these reactions using an experimental method. The call for participation in the study was sent to 30,000 subscribers of Hamrahe Aval and Irancell in Tehran and using the convenience sampling, 127 of them (53 males) with a mean age of 37 years were selected to participate in this study and were randomly assign to four groups of Meditation-Death Thought, Meditation-Without Death Thought, Without Meditation-Death Thought, and Without Meditation-Without Death Thought. After teaching Buddhist mindful breathing meditation and measuring mindfulness using Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS), death thought was created in participants using the method of Burke et al. (2010) and then death thought Suppression, as an immediate defense, was measured using the method of Arndt et al. (1997) once after creating death thought and once after a delay, and worldview defense, as a delayed defense, was measured using the method of Greenberg et al. (1990) after a delay. ANOVAs showed that meditation increased mindfulness and was able to prevent the effect of death thought on death thought suppression
Akram Azimi, Dr Mandana Niknam, Dr Marzie Hashemi,
Volume 16, Issue 1 (6-2022)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of metacognition in the relationship between attachment styles and online gambling addiction in adolescents. The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population was all male adolescents in district one of Tehran, from which a sample of 234 people were selected by convenience sampling method. The research instruments were Wells Metacognitive Beliefs Questionnaire,Wang and Chang online game addiction,and Collins and Reed attachment style. Relationships between variables were performed by Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling test using partial least squares method. Pearson correlation test showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between secure attachment with metacognition and online gambling addiction and between positive avoidance and anxiety with metacognition and online gambling addiction and a positive and significant relationship between metacognition and online gambling addiction (0.05>P)existed. It also clarified the indirect relationship between the dimensions of attachment and online gambling addiction through metacognition and showed that metacognition plays a mediating role in the relationship between the dimensions of attachment and online gambling addiction. It is suggested that psychologists emphasize the role of attachment and metacognition dimensions for preventive interventions and awareness-raising for families and schools.
Yasaman Ghaemizadeh, Alireza Moradi, Hadi Parhoon,
Volume 16, Issue 2 (9-2022)
Abstract
The present study investigated the role of cognitive control and positive memory characteristics with special attention to the mediating roles of cognitive process and cognitive fatigue in flood-stricken victims. A sample of 280 participants were selected from flood-stricken areas including Gonbad, Gomishan and Aghghala. Data were collected using PCL-5, CPOTS, MEQ_SF, Mental Fatigue Scale, WAIS-IV, Stroop Test and Wisconsin Card Sorting. The data were then analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS-3 softwares. The findings indicated no direct link between cognitive process and PTSD symptoms. However, cognitive process played a full mediating role in the relationship between cognitive control and PTSD symptoms and a partial mediating role in the relationship between positive memory characteristics and PTSD symptoms. The findings also revealed cognitive fatigue played a partial mediating role in the relationship between both cognitive contol and PTSD symptoms and positive memory characteristics and PTSD symptoms. The findings further showed the purposed model to investigate the relationships between the variables enjoyed a good fit. These findings can be the first step in identifying the PTSD symptoms of people who have been through flood trauma and can help us design evidence-based educational and rehabilitative programs to reduce psychocognitive pains of flood victims
Volume 16, Issue 4 (3-2023)
Abstract
Mr Mehdi Chamikarpour, Dr Hamid Yaghubi, Dr Mohammad Sanati, Dr Behrouz Dolatshahee, Dr Hojjatollah Farahani,
Volume 17, Issue 1 (6-2023)
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between gender role conflict and the severity of symptoms of mental disorders and the attitude towards help-seeking in Iranian men. 302 male students of three universities, namely University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran University and Shahid-Beheshti University, completed a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, the gender role conflict scale (O’Neil et al. 1986), Brief Symptoms Inventory (Derogatis et al., 1983), and the short form of the Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale (Fischer et al., 1995). The results of simultaneous regression analysis showed that psychological distress had the most positive relationship with the factors of "work-family conflict", "restrictive emotionality" and "success, power, competition", respectively, and the attitude towards help-seeking has the most negative relationship with " restrictive emotionality " and "success, power, competition" factors, respectively. Also, the proposed structural model of the present study about the effects of the masculine gender role conflict on psychological distress from two direct and indirect paths (through the negative effect on help-seeking attitude) had a good fit. Thus, it seems that the masculine gender role conflict increases the severity of psychological distress through a negative effect on the help-seeking attitude.
Dr Elham Moosavian, , ,
Volume 17, Issue 2 (9-2023)
Abstract
This study investigates the Effectiveness of Experiential-Dynamic Emotion Regulation and Mindful Self-Compassionate Eclectic Therapy on reducing core shame, increasing self-compassion and assertiveness, and reducing depression severity in patients with introjective and anaclitic depression compared to the control group. This was a single-subject study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group with a 45-day follow-up. The statistical population consisted of all individuals diagnosed with depression in 2019 at Counseling and Psychotherapy Clinic of Shiraz University. Nine individuals were selected as a sample group with a purposive sampling method given the inclusion and exclusion criteria. the experimental groups received integrative therapy for eight sessions of 45 minutes. The effect size changes in treatment interventions were larger than 0.5 in the experimental groups regarding all study variables in the post-test and follow-up phase compared to the pre-test phase and were small in the control group (less than 0.2).
Mr Omid Rouhafza, Dr Arezou Asghari,
Volume 17, Issue 3 (12-2023)
Abstract
This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy and mutual behavior analysis on interpersonal reactivity, self-control, and cognitive discipline of aggressive teenagers. The research design was semi-experimental in the pre-test-post-test manner with two experimental groups and one control group. The statistical population was the aggressive students of second secondary school for boys in Gorgan city in the academic year 2022-2023, using the cluster method, 45 students were randomly selected in three groups of 15 (dialectical behavior therapy experiment 1, interaction behavior analysis experiment 2 and the control group) were replaced. The research tools were the interpersonal reactivity questionnaires of Davis (1983), Tanji's self-control (2004), Granofsky and Kraij's (2001) emotion regulation, and Bass Perry's aggression (1992). Research data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and SPSS version 22 software. The findings showed that the effectiveness of the dialectical behavior therapy group was more than the mutual behavior analysis group. Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that dialectical behavior therapy by identifying the previous defective patterns of thoughts and feelings, accepting and validating emotions leads to the improvement of interpersonal reactivity, self-control and cognitive regulation of aggressive teenagers' emotions.
Masoumeh Modanloo, Mahmoud Najafi,
Volume 17, Issue 4 (3-2024)
Abstract
The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of anxiety and depression in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The research method was descriptive and of the correlation type (structural equation modeling). From among the general population of social media users in 2022, 350 people were selected according to the entry criteria by voluntary sampling method. The tools used in this research included the Revised scale of obsessive–compulsive Syndrome (Foa and et al), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (Bernstein & Stein), Beck Anxiety Inventory & Beck Depression Inventory-II. Pearson's correlation test and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. The results showed that childhood abuse has a direct and significant relationship with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and anxiety and depression play a mediating role in the relationship between childhood abuse and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and overall, the results show that the model fits well. According to the obtained results, it can be said that childhood trauma, anxiety and depression play an important role in the formation of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. In general, it can be concluded that childhood trauma can cause obsessive-compulsive symptoms by affecting anxiety and depression.
Dr Nader Hajloo, Mr Ali Salmani, Miss Aysan Sharei,
Volume 18, Issue 1 (6-2024)
Abstract
The study aimed to explore teaching cognitive emotion regulation strategies' effectiveness on cognitive processing and distress tolerance in female students with general anxiety. The research method used was a pre-test-post-test experiment with a control group. The research sample comprised all second-year secondary school students with general anxiety in Ardabil city during the academic year of 2023-2024. Employing purposive sampling, thirty students with general anxiety were randomly split into the experimental (15 individuals) and control (15 individuals) groups. The experimental group received eight 90-minute sessions of the cognitive emotion regulation strategies training program (Gross and Thompson, 2007), and the control group, which was on the waiting list, did not receive any training. In the data collection, Cruz's (1999) cognitive processing questionnaire and Simmons and Gaher's (2005) emotional distress tolerance scale were used. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. The results showed that after controlling the pre-test effects, there was a significant difference between the post-test average of the two groups in cognitive processing (P<0.001; F=27.50) and distress tolerance (P<0.001; F=17.51). Training in cognitive emotion regulation strategies proves effective in enhancing cognitive processing and distress tolerance among students with general anxiety. Based on the research findings, utilizing cognitive emotion regulation training can help alleviate issues in individuals with generalized anxiety.
Dr. Mahdieh Rahmanian, Mrs. Sharareh Soltani, Dr. Mojgan Agahheris,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
This paper examined the effectiveness of integrated meta-diagnostic treatment on rumination, cognitive distortions and cognitive avoidance among women with depression. Women visited depression treatment centers in Abadan city in 1403 for depression treatment constituted the statistical population of the research. Due to the small size of the population and the limitation of the statistical population, the sampling method was purposeful. The total number of people eligible to enter this research was 30 which were randomly assigned into two groups of 15. The following standard questionnaires were used for collecting the necessary data: Cognitive Avoidance Questionnaire by Sexton and Dagas (CAQ), Rumination Questionnaire by Nalan Hoeksma and Maro 1991, Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire by Abdullah Zadeh and Salar (1389), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) by Laibond and Laibond (1995) and integrated meta-diagnostic treatment protocol. SPSS 21 software was used to analyze the data. Indicators such as mean and standard deviation were determined. Univariate and multivariate covariance analysis were also used to check the hypothesizes. The findings showed that integrated trans-diagnostic treatment has an effect on rumination, cognitive distortions and cognitive avoidance among women with depression disorder. This effect has continued in the follow-up phase.
Hanieh Hatami, Nurallah Mohammadi, Habib Hadian Fard, Abdol Aziz Aflakseir,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
Past traumatic experiences with primary caregivers lead to the formation of cognitive and behavioral patterns that serve as styles of thinking and acting. These patterns are maladaptive strategies that disrupt emotional regulation. On the other hand, "corrective emotional experiences" in the approaches of schema therapy and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy help change dysfunctional patterns and regulate emotions in traumatized individuals. using a single-case study method. The study population included all individuals aged 18 to 40 in Tehran who, in 2023, volunteered to participate in the research following the project announcement. Finally, six individuals were selected through purposive sampling. Subsequently, the cognitive and behavioral emotion regulation questionnaires were administered to each individual at the baseline (2 to 4 times), intervention (3 times), and follow-up (1 time) stages. The results of visual and statistical analysis between the intervention and baseline conditions, including Cohen's d effect size, non-overlapping and overlapping data, changes in the median and mean, and absolute level changes,indicated the effectiveness of both treatments oncognitive and behavioral emotion regulation.However, schema therapy was more effective than intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy in improving emotion regulation.
Mrs Farzaneh Abbaslou, Yousef Dehghani, Sooran Rajabi, Farideh Sadat Hosseini,
Volume 18, Issue 3 (12-2024)
Abstract
Arezou Lashkari, Touraj Hashemi Nosrat Abadi,
Volume 18, Issue 4 (3-2025)
Abstract
The Cognitive, Affective, and Somatic Empathy Scale (CASES) proposes a new three-component structure of empathy. The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Cognitive, Affective, and Somatic Empathy Scale, the statistical population consisted of all students aged 18 to 50 years studying at Tabriz University in the academic year 2022-2023, selected through convenience sampling. The instruments used in the study included the CASES, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (PAQ), and the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale. Data were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha, and Pearson's coefficient with SPSS 24 and Lisrel 8 software. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using internal consistency methods. For convergent validity, the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (2018), Davis’s Interpersonal Reactivity Index (1983), and Gard’s Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (2006) were used. The results of reliability calculation using Cronbach's alpha showed coefficients above 0.70. Confirmatory Factor Analysis also indicated that the three-factor solution had a better fit. The correlation analysis results support the validity of this scale. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that the Cognitive, Affective, and Somatic Empathy Scale has appropriate reliability and validity.
