Journal of

New forms of communication technologies have brought about opportunities and threats, but regarding cultural studies, the former can be increased and the latter can be decreased. In Iran due to lack of information, there are no proper policies in the case of using cyberspace. This leads to unnoticed damage to those who utilise it. Child abuse on cyberspace is an example of not surfing the internet correctly. The main object of conducting this research is a survey on Iranian entrepreneur mothers’ reasons for abusing their children on selected cyberspace platforms such as “Telegram” and “Instagram”.  The research method in this qualitative inquiry had a data-based theory. The sample comprised 10 blogger mothers with two to seven-year-old children in different provinces of Iran, who were recuruited voluntarily and were willing to participate in the research. The findings indicated that eight factors affecting child abuse on cyberspace, included an individual’s: 1. mental health, 2. family problems, 3. economic problems, 4. socio-cultural problems, 5. attempts to gain social reputation, 6. attempts to gain economic success, 7. aim to entertain children with social media, and their 8. Aim to make children famous on social media.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurological disease that affects many people, especially young women. Patients with MS experience psychological problems. The aim of this study was to compare the social well-being, spiritual well-being and emotion regulation strategies in multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients and non-patients. In this causal-comparison research, the statistical population consisted of 700 patients with MS in Kermanshah. Among the population, 149 patients were selected by convenience sampling method. Among non- patients, 149 people were matched in age and gender with the patients group. Data were collected using the Social well-being, Spiritual well-Being and Emotion Regulation Scales. The results of two-way Multivariate Analysis of Variance showed that the spiritual health and its components (religious and existential well-being), social well-being and its three dimensions (social flourishing, social acceptance, and social adaptation) and emotional reappraisal in patients with MS were lower than non-patients. But there was no significant difference between the emotional suppression in two groups. The results have important implications in attending to the terms of social well-being, spiritual well-being and emotion regulation strategies in patients with MS. Based on the results, improving social and spiritual well-being and increasing the patient's emotion regulation strategies are recommended through spiritual and social health education and training the emotion regulation strategies.

The aim of this study was the effectiveness of compassion-based therapy on reducing rumination, distress tolerance and sense of coherence in patients with MS. The design of this study was applied in terms of purpose and also a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group in terms of implementation. The statistical population of the study included all female patients referred to the Tehran MS Association in 2020. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and after the initial screening (completion of pre-test questionnaires), 30 female patients were selected through available sampling and randomly assigned to two 15-individual experimental and control groups. Data collection tools included Nima Ghorbani Rumination Scale (RRS) Questionnaire, Simmons and Gaher Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS) Questionnaire and Antonovski Sense of Coherence (SOC). Data analysis was conducted using multivariate covariance analysis and SPSS 25 software. The results indicated that there is a significant difference in a specific level (P <0.001) between the experimental and control groups in terms of rumination, distress tolerance and sense of coherence. Compassion-based therapy is one of the therapies in the field of third wave psychology that reduces rumination and increases the distress tolerance and sense of coherence in patients with MS.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of schema therapy and stress reduction based on mindfulness on emotional dyslexia, self-control and psychological well-being in Tehran. This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test waiting list group design. The statistical population included all women affected by domestic violence who referred to Menda Ara Psychology Clinic in 1402. In this study, 45 eligible patients were selected and the participants were randomly divided into three groups: behavioral therapy counseling (15 people), mindfulness-based stress reduction group (15 people) and control group (15 people). Strategies methods and techniques were taught to the groups for 8 sessions of 90 minutes. The groups were asked to take the Toronto Ataxia Questionnaire; Answer Tanji's self-control questionnaire and Rif's psychological well-being questionnaire. The results of the research showed that the experimental group of schema therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction compared to the control group was able to more effectively change the scores of ataxia, self-control and psychological well-being at the level of P<0.001. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in reducing emotional dyslexia, and increasing self-control and psychological well-being. Conclusion: The results showed that the use of schema therapy approaches and stress reduction based on mindfulness increases the self-control and psychological well-being of women affected by domestic violence and reduces their emotional ataxia. Therefore, schema therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction approaches are recommended for women affected by domestic violence to increase self-control and psychological well-being and reduce emotional ataxia.

The findings showed that the mindfulness-based stress reduction program intervention significantly reduced chronic fatigue and psychosomatic symptoms, as well as significantly increased resilience in the experimental group compared to the control group. The results of the follow-up phase also showed that the effects of the intervention remained largely stable. The largest effect size was related to psychosomatic symptoms, followed by resilience, which indicates the effective role of this intervention in improving emotional regulation and reducing physical symptoms related to stress. In summary, the results of this study indicate that the mindfulness-based stress reduction program can be used as an effective complementary intervention in improving the psychological and physical status of patients with MS and play an important role in improving their quality of life.

The present study aimed to investigate the mediating role of emotional working memory in the relationship between attentional bias and depressive symptoms within the context of family interactions. Guided by contemporary cognitive–emotional models of depression, the study explored how negative attentional bias, as a core vulnerability factor, may influence depressive symptomatology through impairments in emotional working memory, and how these processes are embedded in the dynamics of family relationships. This research employed a descriptive-correlational design using structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population consisted of adults aged 20–40 years living in active family systems in Tehran in 2025. A total of 350 participants were selected through purposive convenient sampling following eligibility screening. Research instruments included measures of depressive symptoms, attentional bias, emotional working memory performance, and family interaction patterns. The results demonstrated that negative attentional bias significantly predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms both directly and indirectly. Emotional working memory showed a significant mediating role, indicating that deficits in maintaining, updating, and regulating emotional information constitute a key mechanism linking attentional bias to depressive experiences. Furthermore, family interactions functioned as an amplifying contextual factor: maladaptive and conflictual family environments strengthened the indirect pathway by increasing cognitive–emotional load and reducing regulatory resources. The final structural model showed acceptable fit indices and supported the hypothesized mediational relationships. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of integrating cognitive, emotional, and contextual variables in understanding depressive symptoms. They also underscore the potential value of interventions targeting attentional processing biases and emotional working memory capacities, particularly within family-based therapeutic frameworks.

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of self-compassion training on levels of self-criticism and sense of coherence in women with depressive symptoms. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all women with depressive symptoms referring to counseling centers in Qom. Among them, 30 participants were selected through purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (15 participants) or the control group (15 participants). The research instruments included the Beck Depression Inventory-II for screening, the Levels of Self-Criticism Scale by Thompson and Zuroff, and the Sense of Coherence Questionnaire by Flensborg-Madsen. The experimental group received group self-compassion training, while the control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA and ANCOVA). The findings indicated that after controlling for the pretest effect, the difference between the experimental and control groups in the posttest phase was statistically significant for both levels of self-criticism and sense of coherence. The educational intervention accounted for 29.1% of the variance in self-criticism and 59.0% of the variance in sense of coherence. Furthermore, the results showed that this training significantly reduced internalized and comparative self-criticism while enhancing the components of sense of coherence, including comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. In conclusion, by weakening self-criticism mechanisms and strengthening the structure of the sense of coherence, self-compassion training serves as an effective approach for improving the mental health indices of depressed women, and its application in counseling centers is recommended.

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of child-centered play therapy on overt anxiety and behavioral problems in maladjusted children. The research method was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all second-year male and female students of primary school in District 2 of Kerman in the second semester of the 1403-1404 academic year, totaling 8,500 people. Among them, 36 maladjusted children were selected through purposive sampling (based on the parent form of the Dekhanchi Children's Adaptation Questionnaire, 1377) and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (18 people in each group). Reynolds and Richmond's Children's Overt Anxiety Questionnaire (1978) and Quay and Patterson's Behavioral Problems Questionnaire (1987) were used to collect data. Child-centered play therapy intervention based on the Exline approach (1969) was implemented in 10 60-minute group sessions for the experimental group; while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results showed that child-centered play therapy significantly reduced overt anxiety and behavioral problems in children in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Overall, the findings support the efficacy of child-centered play therapy as an appropriate psychological intervention for improving anxiety symptoms and behavioral problems in maladjusted children.

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on thought fusion and the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder in Tehran. The present study method was a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all women with obsessive-compulsive disorder who visited clinics in Tehran between April and June 1404, from which a sample was selected using convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. The measurement tools included the Thought Fusion Questionnaire and the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. The experimental group underwent cognitive-behavioral therapy sessions, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. The results showed that after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the variables of thought fusion and the severity of obsessive symptoms. Cognitive-behavioral therapy significantly reduced the rate of thought fusion and the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients in the experimental group compared to the control group. Based on the research findings, cognitive-behavioral therapy, by correcting cognitive distortions and reducing thought-action fusion, is an effective approach in improving the clinical symptoms of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, and the use of this treatment protocol is recommended in rehabilitation centers and psychological clinics.

The present study aimed to analyze and compare the psychological profiles of two groups of traditional and industrial drug users, examining the differences in brain-behavioral systems, personality dimensions, and prosocial behavior tendencies. This causal-comparative study was conducted on 200 drug-dependent men (100 traditional drug users and 100 industrial drug users) who had referred to rehabilitation centers in Qom in 1404. The measurement tools included the Gray-Wilson Brain-Behavioral Systems Questionnaire, Cloninger Personality and Character Test, and the Revised Prosocial Behavior Scale. The findings from multivariate analysis of variance showed that industrial drug users scored significantly higher in the behavioral activation system and the approach and active avoidance subscales, while no significant differences were observed in the behavioral inhibition and conflict-avoidance systems. In terms of personality dimensions, the industrial group had higher scores in novelty seeking, harm avoidance, perseverance, self-direction, and self-transcendence, but traditional users showed superiority in the reward dependence dimension and indicators of social behavior (altruism and compliance). The results indicate that the industrial substance use pattern is associated with a more impulsive personality profile and a deeper breakdown in social functioning, while traditional users maintained social bonds and responsiveness to environmental rewards. These findings emphasize the need to review treatment protocols and design differentiated interventions based on the type of substance used and the neuro-personality underpinnings in the field of addiction psychology.