Ayat Saadattalab, Mostafa Jafari,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
| This study examines the mediator role of spiritual happiness in the relationship between social capital and social support with employee’s resiliency against Covid-19 diseases pandemy during social distance. The research method was descriptive correlational. The study population consisted all of employees (No= 574) in Tehran University Agriculture College, in 1399 spring. 200 employee were selected as a samples by available sampling method. To collect research data questionnaire as Afrooz spiritual happiness, social capital (Nahapiet and Ghoshal), social support (Phillips) and Conner & Davidson resilience was used. Data analysis was done by using structural equation modeling in AMOS And Spss-22 software. The results showed that the research model was very favorable fit with experimental data, and spiritual happiness has mediating role in relation with social capital and social support with employees resiliency in against Corona virus diseases, in the Social distance period. Accordingly, the relationship between the variables of social capital and social support with resilience through spiritual happiness was confirmed in the form of path analysis. Thus, the variable of spiritual happiness showed a facilitating role in the relationship between social capital and social support with resilience. Also, the two social capital and social support variables had a direct and positive effect on employee resilience. Based on the results, it can be concluded that spiritual happiness among employees is the role of facilitator in promoting resilience. This means that the increase in social capital and social support, led to increase of spiritual happiness, and also resilience increased in front of coronavirus disease stress. In order to explain the resiliency in front of the corona disease during social distance social, we can use benefits of social capital and social support benefits to increase spiritual happiness and resilience. |
Hammed Musapur, Javad Changi Ashtiyani, Mohammad Kahrobaei Kalkhuran Alya,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
Azam Nourisaeid, Reza Shabahang, Farzin Bagheri Sheykhangafshe, Maryam Saeedi, Seyedeh Maryam Mousavi,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
During the COVID-19 epidemic, different individuals experience different levels of anxiety associated with COVID-19, and many of them cite the Internet and online health information. The aim of the present study was to compare the online health information utilization, online shared identity, and online shared information usage in different levels of COVID-19 anxiety. In this causal-comparative study, the statistical population of the study consisted of college students of Faculty of Literature and Humanities of Guilan University during COVID-19 outbreak in 2020. Among them, 387 students were selected by convenience sampling method and responded to COVID-19 Anxiety Questionnaire, Online Health Information Utilization Questionnaire, and Identity Bubble Reinforcement Scale. Considering the high and low total scores of the COVID-19 Anxiety Questionnaire, participants were divided into high-level COVID-19 anxiety (n=100) and low-level COVID-19 anxiety (n=100) groups. The results indicated individuals with high level of COVID-19 anxiety got higher scores in online health information utilization and online shared identity compared to individuals in low-level COVID-19 anxiety group (p <0/01). Admittedly, online shared identity is more prominent in individuals in high-level COVID-19 anxiety group and they rely more on health information available on the Internet.
Parvin Rahmatinejad, Majid Yazdi, Zohreh Khosravi, Fatemeh Shahisadrabadi,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
Getting a new disease and unknown Covid 19 In addition to the risks to physical health leads to difficult and different psychological experiences due to the specific nature and characteristics of the disease. In addition to physical symptoms patients have a variety of psychological reactions that can act as a barrier to the healing process and increase their suffering during illness. Therefore the present study aims to discover the lived experience of these people to help reduce the suffering of these patients. The study method was qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The number of participants was 15 and they were selected by purposeful sampling method. A semi-structured interview was used to gather information. Data analysis was also performed by Colaizzi method. To Trustworthiness and validate the findings were used participants' review and monitoring methods, the researcher's self-observation in the data collection and analysis process and the recording of all their mental presuppositions in advance and their non-consideration in the analysis and review process and recoding of interviews by two other researchers. The research findings included 278 initial codes, which were extracted 6 main themes and 24 sub-themes according to the purpose and question of the research. Death anxiety, the experience of stigma, the experience of ambiguity, the positive emotional experiences, the emotions experienced in relation to family members and the emotions caused by quarantine were the main themes. Painful emotional experiences in these patients can lead to delays and difficulties in the recovery process of these people and in addition to the pain of the disease, it can also impose psychological suffering. Awareness of the disease to reduce the experience of ambiguity, psychological strategies to control death anxiety and social stigma, and strategies to manage the behavior and excitement of family members can be considered in the specific psychological interventions of these patients and reduce negative emotions and possibility better deal with the disease and psychological suffering caused by it.
Afagh Zolfaghari, Tahereh Elahi,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationshipbetween children'sanxiety level and children'sawareness of coronavirus based on the healthbelief model and their mothers'anxiety, stress and depression during social distancing period. This correlational study was done on260students of preschool and elementary schools of educational areas in Tehran in 2020 and theirmothers that were selected as available sampling. Data were collected by a self-designed questionnaire of children'sawareness and attitude to coronavirus, Spence Children'sAnxiety Scale (SCAS), and depression, anxiety and stress scales (DASS-42) in adults.
The results indicated significant relationship of children'sanxiety with anxiety (r = 0.45), stress (r = 0.35) and depression (r = 0.44) of their mothers and level of their awareness ofCorona (r = 0.19) and age (r = 0.14).Also, the results of multiple regression analysis in step-by-step manner showed that anxiety, depression and stress of mothers and children'sawareness of Coronavirus were significant predictors of children'sanxiety (altogether 34%).
According to the results of this research, one of the necessary measures toprotect and improve the mental health of children in critical conditions consequent Coronavirus is parents'training to regulate their negative emotions. It is also important to provide information about coronavirus to children with considering their age and cognitive development.
Hossein Zare, Fatemeh Eisazadeh,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between disease control perception and risk perception with self-care behaviors in patients discharged from hospital due to COVID-19 in Bushehr Province. The statistical population of the present study includes all patients discharged from the hospital due to Covid-19 in Bushehr Province, which was estimated 167 people and the sample size was 120 people based on the Cochran's formula. The sampling method was voluntary and available. The research data were analyzed using the statistical software AMOS and using path analysis method. Findings indicated that the proposed model of the relationships between the mentioned variables has a favorable fit and all the paths of the proposed model are significant. Given the significant effect of control perception and risk perception on the prediction of people get infected COVID-19 and the possibility of manipulation and training these variables, the results of this study have applications to increase self-care behaviors and then reduce the risk of COVID-19 in people and these results can be used practically in ministries, offices, publications, etc. leading to reduce the wasted costs (living and financial) for COVID-19.
Susan Alizadeh Fard, Ahmad Alipour,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
The corona disease epidemic have had different effects on the social and psychological aspects of individuals. Studies show that with spread of disease, the fear of this is also increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and health anxiety with corona phobia in Tehran society. For this purpose, a sample of 430 adult men and women evaluated by health anxiety questionnaire (Salkovskis, 2002), intolerance of uncertainty (Freeston, 1994), and fear of corona (Griffiths & pakpour, 2020) through online recall and via social network. To analyze the data, Pearson correlation and path analysis were used. The results showed health anxiety and intolerance were positively and directly correlated with fear of corona. Also, intolerance to uncertainty was indirectly correlated with fear of corona through mediating of health anxiety. These results will have practical implications for controlling and reducing fear of corona and corona phobia. It is suggested that according to these personality and cognitive variables, they should be used to design psychological interventions to maintain and promote the mental health of the community in pandemic corona disease.
Reza Azimi,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
Coronavirus, like any other disease, initially manifested itself as a biological phenomenon that threatens people's health, but even non-communicable diseases act as a "multidimensional social reality."In this article; First, a review of theoretical literature seeks to criticised "radical constructivism" by a perspective that emphasizes "complex", "stratified " and "social" social reality.
Then, these two approaches will be used to study the coronavirus epidemic (as a problem). Corona acts here as a complex reality in biological, human (Agency) and social dimensions. This is a complex and multifaceted reality, each level of reality has unrecognized, and interconnected causal powers. To this end, we encounter a kind of "complexity of causality " in examining the Corona problem.Each level of reality has unrecognized, related, and interdependent causal powers. Serious shortcomings, in other words, the diminution of social reality to human understanding (epistemological fallacy) will result in nothing but our punishment by reality. The health system has prevailed, and the results have been nothing but "continuous recovery of reality" and the choice of the path of "trial and error" or sometimes confusion in policy-making for society
Mohammd Naghi Farahani,
Volume 14, Issue 1 (6-2020)
Abstract
The COVID-19 virus pandemic, beginning from late 2019 and its continues presence in 2020 has influenced the entire 8 billion populations of human society, governmental structures and health care systems throughout the world. The highest impact of this virus is on humans, despite their sex, race and cultural background. As a result of its extensive effects, contagious nature and its effect on human's psychological conditions, the term Corona-phobia was introduced. In some countries, the exaggeration and derivatives of this fear have led to public anxiety. Attitude, beliefs and human values can define the state of this phobia in its individual and general sense. Attitude is an evaluation which is built upon facing different matters and can be produced through cognition, emotion, and behavior. It is formed through time and a transformational process and creates beliefs and values, which are not easy to reframe once shaped. On the other hand, personal attitude and beliefs are in constant connection with cultural beliefs. Perhaps in a maximizing condition, it can be assumed that personal beliefs won't last long without cultural beliefs. Therefore, this new pandemic virus can establish different implications and beliefs, governing our deeds in the years to come. This paper is intended to overlook attitudes and beliefs during the coronal virus pandemic, using a theoretical model, and assess the new formation of personal and cultural beliefs under stress and evaluate the expectancy of new conditions during the post-Corona time.
Majid Saffarinia, Soheila Dehkhodaei,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (9-2020)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to present an exploratory model to express the relationships between a set of factors including personality factors, attachment styles, control source, coping strategies and perceived stress and disease perception in patients with hemophilia, emphasizing the mediating role of social exchange styles. The present study is a correlational study based on path analysis. In order to conduct the study, 450 patients from the Hemophilia Support Centre in Isfahan were randomly selected. The instruments used in this study included the Neo Five Personality Factor Questionnaire, the Hazen and Shaver Attachment Styles Scale, the Rutter Control Scale, the Andler and Parker Stress Coping Questionnaire, the Cohen Perceived Stress Questionnaire, the Disease Perception Questionnaire and the Libman Social Learning Exchange Questionnaire. The results indicated a linear relationship between a group of factors such as neurotic personality traits, responsibility, extraversion and flexibility, two coping styles (emotion-oriented, problem-oriented and avoidance) and a secure attachment style and disease perception. The results also showed personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, pleasantness, flexibility and responsibility), coping styles (avoidance and emotion-oriented), attachment style (safe and unsafe ambivalent) and source of control are related to the perception of disease through the mediating role of social exchange style fairness. Therefore, in order to provide measures to improve the perception of patients with hemophilia, it is necessary to pay special attention to personality traits, coping styles, attachment style, source of control and perceived stress in addition to fair social exchange styles.
Faezeh Bakhshalizadeh Irani, Shahriar Shahidi, Abdolrahim Hazini,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (9-2020)
Abstract
Terminal patients with advanced cancer have important and undeniable concerns as well as worries which may provide valuable information to care providers so that they can act for planning and care improvement based on their needs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the psychological experiences, especially concerns, needs and worries of these patients throughout the disease. In this research, a qualitative method with a descriptive phenomenological approach was employed. From amongst all cancer patients receiving palliative care for advanced cancer in Firoozgar hospital and Ala cancer control and prevention centre, eleven patients were chosen according to the targeted sampling method. Data collection was used with a semi-structured interview and data interpretation was done in Collizi method. The results of this study were categorised in five main clusters: “concerns about family and friends”, “socio-economic concerns”, “concerns about oneself”, “concerns regarding hospital staff, environment and medical treatment” and “spiritual and religious concerns” in addition to 34 sub-clusters. Being on the verge of death and diagnosed with cancer causes concerns, worries and needs in different dimensions of a person and their family’s life. If such aspects are neglected, a person’s well-being and quality of life will be disrupted. Recognition and emphasis on patients’ feelings, anxieties and concerns along with taking care of their needs may help them feel at peace and more confident in accepting this difficult situation.
Sara Ghasemzade Barki, Morteza Manteghi, Maryam Mohammadi,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (9-2020)
Abstract
New forms of communication technologies have brought about opportunities and threats, but regarding cultural studies, the former can be increased and the latter can be decreased. In Iran due to lack of information, there are no proper policies in the case of using cyberspace. This leads to unnoticed damage to those who utilise it. Child abuse on cyberspace is an example of not surfing the internet correctly. The main object of conducting this research is a survey on Iranian entrepreneur mothers’ reasons for abusing their children on selected cyberspace platforms such as “Telegram” and “Instagram”. The research method in this qualitative inquiry had a data-based theory. The sample comprised 10 blogger mothers with two to seven-year-old children in different provinces of Iran, who were recuruited voluntarily and were willing to participate in the research. The findings indicated that eight factors affecting child abuse on cyberspace, included an individual’s: 1. mental health, 2. family problems, 3. economic problems, 4. socio-cultural problems, 5. attempts to gain social reputation, 6. attempts to gain economic success, 7. aim to entertain children with social media, and their 8. Aim to make children famous on social media.
Mosayeb Yarmohammadi Vasel, Farhad Jokar, Mehran Farhadi, Mohammadreza Zoghi Paydar,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (9-2020)
Abstract
Cancer makes various changes in quality of life and identifying the influential components in this variable can significantly influence patients' quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the structural association between integrative self-knowledge, perception of suffering and quality of life regarding cancer patients. This research was a correlational study and participants were 340 patients selected via available non-random sampling from Karaj medical centres. Patients completed the quality of life (sf-36), self-knowledge and perception of suffering questionnaires. Data were analysed using structural equations model (LISREL) version 8.5 and SPSS version 19. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between integrative self-knowledge and physical suffering, psychological suffering and existential suffering with patients' quality of life. Moreover, the equation-structural relationship between integrative self-knowledge with the components of perceiving suffering and quality of life were significant. In other words, integrative self-knowledge can predict quality of life in the case of cancer patients directly with the meditating role of physical and existential suffering. Fitness indices showed that the proposed model is suitable for explaining the quality of life through the variables of integrative self-knowledge and perception of suffering. Integrative self-knowledge has significant effects on people's cohesiveness and psychological integrity and has a significant impact on improving the quality of life of patients by affecting how they perceive suffering.
Mehrnaz Safarzaei, Farideh Ameri, Seyed Abolghasem Mehrinejad, Roshanak Khodabakhsh, Mehrangiz Peivastegar,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (9-2020)
Abstract
Psychological flexibility is a multidimensional trait that plays an important role in many areas of life, including mental health. Given the role of psychological flexibility, researchers have been interested in examining this feature, but do not have the tools to specifically measure psychological flexibility. The purpose of this research is to analyse the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire so that in the absence of a short and specific scale for measuring psychological flexibility, it can help measure this feature in psychological research. For this purpose, 400 male and female students at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad participated in this study in the academic year of 2019-2020 using the multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to evaluate the construct’s validity and calculate the reliability of Cronbach's alpha. Factor analysis showed that this questionnaire has 5 factors, which are: positive interpretation of change, defining oneself as a flexible person, identifying oneself as an open and creative person, interpreting reality as dynamic and changeable, and interpreting reality as multidimensional. Agents together accounted for 59.83% of the variance of the entire questionnaire. The internal consistency of the items of the Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire was 0.89, which indicates the desired reliability of this questionnaire. Based on the results of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis in this study, the Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire has acceptable validity and reliability regarding students.
Mitra Ghadimi Nouran, Abdollah Shafiabady, Anahita Khodabakhshi Koolaee, Mohammad Asgari,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (9-2020)
Abstract
Binge eating disorder is one of the psychological disorders that has recently become more and more common among women. The aim of this study was to develop the therapy protocol based on paradoxical timetabling model and its effectiveness on binge eating disorder women. The research method was mixed anova in the unbalanced control group. The statistical population was women who volunteered to the clinic of Shahid Beheshti University of Nutrition in 1398 and after the interview, had binge eating disorder and inclusion criteria. The sample size was 24 people who were divided into experimental and control groups of 12 people. The instruments used in this study were Gormaly binge eating Questionnaire (BES) and researcher-made protocol. The therapy protocol was designed according to the paradoxical schedule model and its theoretical foundations in two individual and interpersonal domains. The treatment protocol was performed on the experimental group in ten sessions of two hours and one session per week
. The results showed that the treatment protocol was effective on binge eating disorder with 99% confidence and its effects were stable until the follow-up stage. The effectiveness of this treatment model confirmed its rapid, profound and lasting effect as a short-term treatment.
Maryam Ramezani, Shahram Mohammadkhani, Jafar Hasani, Mehdi Akbari, Mohammad Hatami,
Volume 14, Issue 2 (9-2020)
Abstract
Over the years, weight loss motivation has been introduced as an important factor in weight loss and its stability. The purpose of the present study was to investigate psychometric properties of the Motivation for Weight Loss Questionnaire (WLM-Q) among overweight and obese Individuals. In this study, the Persian version of the WLM-Q prepared using back-translation was administrated to 453 individuals referring to diet therapy centres in Tehran. The internal consistency of the Persian version of the WLM-Q was assessed via Cronbach’s alpha. Moreover, the factor structure of the scale was assessed using confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis. The results of Cronbach's alpha for the whole scale was 0.82 and for the three extracted factors of health, appearance in relation to others, and appearance in relation to oneself, were 0.86, 0.85 and 0.74 respectively. The results indicated the desirable internal consistency of the scale and its components. The outcome of confirmatory factor analysis supported the factor structure obtained from exploratory factor analysis and the fit indices demonstrated a good model fit. In general, it can be concluded that the Persian version of the WLM-Q has desirable psychometric properties and is a reliable instrument for research and clinical settings.
Peyman Mamsharifi, Faramarz Sohrabi, Hanieh Rezaeifar, Haniye Rouzbehani, Nazanin Asadi, Sara Shabanian Aval Khansari, Zahra Roshanghias,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (12-2020)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to predict mental health based on social support and personality traits. The method of this research is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population was all members of Red Crescent Society of seven provinces of Iran (East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Ardabil, Zanjan, Gilan, Kerman and Hormozgan) that 218 of them were selected the census method as the research sample. Measurement tools include, Social Support Questionnaire, Symptom Check List-25 and Neo Five Factor Inventory. Then data was analyzed by Pearson correlation and Stepwise regression. The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between social support and mental health. There was also a significant positive relationship between neurotic personality dimension and mental health (high scores in the mental health questionnaire indicate low mental health). The results of stepwise regression analysis also showed that social support and neurotic personality dimension were able to explain and predict 20% of the variance of the mental health. Based on the research results, it can be said that social support and personality traits can play a significant role in promoting mental health in individuals and the need to pay attention to these important variables in mental health promotion programs should be considered.
Sepideh Farajpour Niri, Micheal Bakhshesh Boroujeni, Majid Mahmood Aliloo,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (12-2020)
Abstract
Nowadays, the internet is one of the essential parts of student life, and its addiction is causing many problems. This study aimed to model structural equations of borderline and psychopathic personality traits with internet addiction and mediating distress intolerance. Participants included male and female students of Tabriz University. Two hundred sixty students were selected by cluster sampling and completed the Borderline Personality and Levinson's Psychopathic Traits questionnaire, Young's Internet Addiction Test, and Simon and Gaher's distress tolerance Scale. Finally, 240 questionnaires were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The results showed that borderline and psychopathic personality traits directly affected internet addiction, and distress tolerance was a significant mediator of these relationships. It is suggested to consider the role of distress tolerance in people with borderline and psychopathic traits in the study and intervention of internet addiction.
Saeed Ariapooran, Samira Rezaiy Aziazabadi, Yadollah Ghaseipour,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (12-2020)
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurological disease that affects many people, especially young women. Patients with MS experience psychological problems. The aim of this study was to compare the social well-being, spiritual well-being and emotion regulation strategies in multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients and non-patients. In this causal-comparison research, the statistical population consisted of 700 patients with MS in Kermanshah. Among the population, 149 patients were selected by convenience sampling method. Among non- patients, 149 people were matched in age and gender with the patients group. Data were collected using the Social well-being, Spiritual well-Being and Emotion Regulation Scales. The results of two-way Multivariate Analysis of Variance showed that the spiritual health and its components (religious and existential well-being), social well-being and its three dimensions (social flourishing, social acceptance, and social adaptation) and emotional reappraisal in patients with MS were lower than non-patients. But there was no significant difference between the emotional suppression in two groups. The results have important implications in attending to the terms of social well-being, spiritual well-being and emotion regulation strategies in patients with MS. Based on the results, improving social and spiritual well-being and increasing the patient's emotion regulation strategies are recommended through spiritual and social health education and training the emotion regulation strategies.
Saman Nonahal, Shahram Mohammadkhani, Jafar Hasani, Mehdi Akbari,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (12-2020)
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Valuing Questionnaire (VQ) in people who engaged in weight loss or weight loss maintenance. In this descriptive study, 420 men and women were selected through consecutive sampling and respond to the Persian version of the VQ and the Self-compassion Scale (SCS). To assess the validity of the questionnaire, construct validity (exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis) and convergent validity was used. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed via internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis of VQ’s items revealed two factors named progress and obstruction, but, at the item level, it was different from the original model of the questionnaire. For two extracted factors, Cronbach’s alphas range was 0.73 to 0.85 suggesting satisfying reliability of the Persian version of the VQ. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original two factor model of the questionnaire, and fit indices indicated a good model fit. The convergent validity of the questionnaire was also adequate. The Persian version of the VQ has adequate reliability and validity in Iranian society and is a good self-report for research and clinical settings.
