Journal of

Stress is one of the mental disorders is one of the effective factors in the incidence of negative effects during pregnancy that can lead to adverse physical and mental consequences in pregnant women. Pregnant women with the prevalence of Covid 19 disease due to the experience of quarantine and fear of infection the disease and losing the embryo have increased stress and mental health problems, which have added to the problems of pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in redacting perceived stress in pregnant women during the Covid -19 pandemic. This research was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test and follow up with control group. The sample population consisted of 30 Pregnant Women who were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. The present research tools are the perceived stress questionnaire (cohen, 1983) and acceptance and commitment therapy (Hayes, 2013). The experimental group received the acceptance and commitment therapy for 8 sessions, each for 90 minutes as online, and The control not received any intervention. Data analysis was performed by the Repeated measures analysis method. The finding indicates that acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) led to reducing perceived stress in pregnant women (P<_ 0.01). Considering the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), it can be mentioned that to improve the mental health of Pregnant Women and relieve their stress during the Covid 19 pandemic, which leads to physical and mental damage to mother and child, such these Interventions seem necessary and important.

This study is a case report that aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of LEARN multifaceted stress management program in reducing perceived stress and improving irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. The research samples, were two women with severe IBS, selected from the ones seeing a gastroenterology subspecialist in Zafar area of Tehran, via convenience sampling method and based on inclusion-exclusion criteria. Perceived stress and severity of IBS symptoms were measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and GISR scale respectively, before intervention, during implementation and three months after the end of sessions. Findings’ analysis using graph drawing and remission index calculation with that formula, represented the effectiveness of LEARN multifaceted stress management program in perceived stress reduction and IBS symptoms improvement. Also, this improvement was maintained in the range of 50% to 56%, in three-month follow-up after the intervention. Therefore, based on biopsychosocial model, due to effective components of LEARN multifaceted program, this program can be considered as a suitable treatment option for IBS.

Cyberbullying is defined as a willful and repeated harm, inflicted through computer, cell phones and other electronic devices. In this article, the prevalence of cyberbullying and demographic characteristic of the people who were involved in this phenomenon, has been studied. 425 boys and girls in Kermanshah’s high school had been selected using randomized cluster procedure. The prevalence of cyberbullying was 7.7 percent, cybervictimization was 10.9 percent, and cyberbully-victim was 31.4 percent and 50.0 percent of the students weren’t involved. The result of demographic characteristics showed that more than half of boys and less than half of girls were involved in cyberbullying. Students who were involved in cyberbullying, had weaker religious beliefs in family and reported worse parent-child relationships. They also had more daily internet use and using social network is what they do the most on the internet. Results of other demographic characteristic is shown in their own tables. The prevalence of cyberbullying and cybervictimization is aligned with other countries but cyberbully-victims’ rates are higher. Results of some of the demographic characteristics showed pretty interesting differences that must be considered in future studies.

The aim of the present study was to prepare a Persian version of the Dias, Compos, Almeida and Palha (2018) Mental Health Literacy Questionnaire (MHLQ) and to examine its psychometric properties. For this purpose, 346 undergraduate, graduate and doctoral students of Shahroud University were selected in the academic year of 1398-99 through the available sampling. They completed the Persian version of the MHLQ (2018), Attitude Scale - Fischer and Farina (1995) - Short Form, questionnaire, and Health Anxiety inventory - Salkovskis & Warwick - Short Form (2002), and Beck Depression Questionnaire. The results of compound reliability for all subscales were more than 0.5, which indicates the desired reliability of the scale. CVR was more than 0.62 percent and the CVI was more than 0.75 percent, indicating the appropriate content validity of the scale. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the factor load of the items is more than 0.15 and all the routes from the items to the variable hidden at the level. 0.5 were significant and the scale had a good construct validity. An examination of the validity of the structure using CFA showed that the scale has a factor structure consisting of 4 subscales. The study of validity at the same time as calculating the correlation of this scale with the scale of attitude with the help of psychological psychologists - Fisher and Farina (1995) short form, Health Anxiety Questionnaire - Salkoskis and Varvik short form (2002), indicates a positive relationship between scale scores. The results indicate that the mental health literacy questionnaire is a valid and appropriate tool for use in Iranian society.

The aim of this study was to describe and compare the lived experience of middle-aged people with the phenomenon of Covid-19 and quarantine experience in the first and second peaks of the disease. This qualitative study was done by descriptive phenomenological method. 10 middle-aged participants (41 to 65 years old) were chosen by purposive sampling method and interviewed in depth, during two peaks of corona in Iran. Data were saturated with 7 interviews and to make sure, 10 people were interviewed. Data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by the seven-step Colaizzi’s method. The present study achieved 10 main themes and 28 sub-themes. Key topics included first encounter, worries, beliefs, dealing, and the role of religion, family relationships, existential concerns, post-corona growth and the experience of infecting relatives. It seems that in the first peak of Corona, middle-aged people experienced anxiety, which over time, decreased by turning to religion, the principles of hygiene and avoidance. The remarkable point of the present study is that middle-aged people have experienced more acceptance of the crisis and the resulting situation than experiencing growth and change in the two corona peaks. In fact, middle-aged people try to adjust to their limitations and are less concerned about changing their lifestyle.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy anxiety and cigarette craving. The present research is a quasi-experimental, pre-test and post-test with the experimental and control group. The statistical population consisted of all smokers who were referred to health centers in 22nd district of Tehran in the spring of 1396. 30 Individuals were selected by available sampling method. The subjects were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. To measure anxiety, the Spielberger questionnaire and cigarette craving, Fagerstrom questionnaire were used. After selecting the experimental and control group, interventional training on mindfulness based cognitive therapy on the experimental group was performed for 8 sessions of 90 minutes and one session per week. One-way covariance analysis was used to analyze the data.  Data analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of post test scores of the experimental and control groups in anxiety and cigarette craving (p<0.01); as mindfulness based cognitive therapy reduced anxiety and cigarette craving in experimental group.  Generally, could be showed that mindfulness based cognitive therapy could improve the psychological components of smoking cessation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of early maladaptive schemas and Stress Coping Strategies of mothers on the quality of life of children 1 to 6 years old during the COVID-19 Epidemic. The method of this study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study included all mothers with children aged 1 to 6 yearsThe sample consisted of 325 mothers who completed the questionnaires online. Data were collected using Early Maladaptive Scheme (YSQ- SF), Coping Inventory for Stressful Situation (Ciss), TNO-AZL Preschool Children Quality of Life Questionnaire (TAPQOL). Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of multiple regression. Results showed 32% of quality of life of children variance during COVID-19 Epidemic can be explained by early maladaptive schemas and Stress Coping Strategies of mothers.The results of regression analyses revealed that maladaptive schemas of Emotional deprivation, Abandonment, Social Isolation, Defectiveness / Shame, Dependence, Vulnerability to harm or illness, Enmeshment/underdeveloped self and  Unrelenting standards of mothers predicts on the quality of life of children during the COVID-19 Epidemic.Thus , training of appropriate strategies for mothers to reduce the maladaptive schemas and to teach proper coping strategies For increase quality of life of children is essential.